Alamo Cenotaph
Cenotaph | |
![]() Alamo Cenotaph in 2013 | |
Location | Alamo Plaza at E. Houston St.,San Antonio, Texas |
---|---|
Coordinates | 29°25′34″N98°29′12″W/ 29.4261608°N 98.4866783°W |
Built | 1936 |
Architect | Adams & Adams |
Sculptor | Pompeo Coppini |
Architectural style | Cenotaph |
Part of | Alamo Plaza Historic District(ID77001425[1]) |
Designated CP | July 13, 1977 |
TheAlamo Cenotaph,also known asThe Spirit of Sacrifice,is a monument inSan Antonio,Texas,United States,commemorating theBattle of the Alamoof theTexas Revolution,which was fought at the adjacentAlamo Mission.The monument was erected in celebration of the centenary of the battle, and bears the names of those known to have fought there on the Texas side.[2]
History
[edit]Although there had been previous plans for Alamo monuments, starting in the late 1800s, the Alamo Cenotaph was the first such erected in San Antonio. (There had been one previous monument inAustin,but it was lost in a Capitol fire.) During the 1936 Texas Centennial celebration, the state of Texas provided $100,000 for the monument, commissioned from local sculptorPompeo Coppini.San Antonio mayorMaury Maverickheld a dedication ceremony on November 11, 1940.
The shaft rises sixty feet from its base which is forty feet long and twelve feet wide. The monument was erected in grey Georgia marble and pink Texas granite. It was entitledThe Spirit of Sacrificeand incorporates images of the Alamo garrison leaders and 187 names of known Alamo defenders, derived from the research of historian Amelia Williams.[3]Later research has shown some listed on thecenotaphwere not there, and the total of Alamo combatants has risen with newer research.[4]
Inscription
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/AlamoMemorial-5479.jpg/220px-AlamoMemorial-5479.jpg)
The marker on the cenotaph reads:
Erected in memory of the heroes who sacrificed their lives at the Alamo, March 6, 1836, in the defense of Texas. They chose never to surrender nor retreat; these brave hearts, with flag still proudly waving, perished in the flames of immortality that their high sacrifice might lead to the founding of this Texas.[5]
Battle of the Alamo
[edit]After putting down resistance in other regions of Mexico, in the spring of 1836Santa Annaled a Mexican army back into Texas and marched on San Antonio, intending to avenge the humiliating defeat of Cos and end the Texian rebellion. Texian leaderSam Houston,believing that San Antonio could not be defended against a determined effort by the regular Mexican army, called for the Texian forces to abandon the city.
A volunteer force under the joint command ofWilliam Barrett Travis,newly arrived in Texas, andJames Bowie,and includingDavy Crockettand his company of Tennesseans, andJuan Seguin's company of Hispanic Texan volunteers occupied and fortified the deserted mission and determined to hold San Antonio against all opposition.
The defenders of the Alamo thus included both Anglo and Hispanic Texans who fought side by side under a banner that was the flag of Mexico with the numerals "1824" superimposed. This was meant to indicate that the defenders were fighting for their rights to democratic government under the Mexican constitution of that year. It was only during the siege that the Texas Congress declared an independentRepublic of Texas.
TheBattle of the Alamotook place from February 23 to March 6, 1836. At first the battle was primarily a siege marked by artillery duels and small skirmishes. After twelve days Santa Anna, tired of waiting for his heavy artillery and eager for a glorious victory to enhance his reputation, determined to take the Alamo by storm.
Before dawn on March 6, he launched his troops against the walls of the Alamo in three separate attacks. The third attack overwhelmed the defenses of the weak north wall. The defenders retreated to the now famous Long Barracks and the Chapel and fought to the last man. Most historians agree that a few of the defenders were captured but were executed as rebels on the specific orders of Santa Anna. The deaths of these "Martyrs to Texas Independence" inspired greater resistance to Santa Anna's regime, and the cry "Remember the Alamo" became the rallying point of theTexas Revolution.
Ozzy Osbourne incident
[edit]In 1982,Ozzy Osbourne,while wearing hisfuture wife's dress because she had hidden his clothes, drunkenly urinated on the Alamo Cenotaph. A police officer arrested him, and Osbourne was subsequently banned from performing inSan Antoniofor a decade.[6]
Renovation and Ownership
[edit]In 2020 a proposal to move the monument was defeated by the Texas Historical Commission.[7]As part of the Alamo Master Plan to renovate the area with a visitors center and museum, the monument would have been moved a few hundred feet and placed in front of the nearby Menger Hotel. In that year's primary election, 97% of Republican voters approved a ballot proposition to keep the monument at its location, and Republican state lawmakers also denounced the proposal. In 2021 the plans were revised to maintain the current site as is.[8]
In May 2024 the City of San Antonio formally transferred ownership of the monument over to the State of Texas. The state will be responsible for what are expected to be costly repairs, after a survey found that it will need a new foundation, and that rainwater has caused cracks that put it at risk of breaking apart.[9]
Ongoing renovations can be viewed on alive camrun by the Alamo Trust.
See also
[edit]- Siege of the Alamo
- List of Alamo defenders
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Bexar County, Texas
References
[edit]- ^"National Register Information System".National Register of Historic Places.National Park Service.November 2, 2013.
- ^"Alamo Cenotaph".Handbook of TexasOnline.Texas State Historical Association.RetrievedSeptember 17,2011.
- ^Williams, Amelia (January 1934). "Reviewed Work: A Critical Study of the Siege of the Alamo and of the Personnel of Its Defenders: IV. Historical Problems Relating to the Alamo".The Southwestern Historical Quarterly.37(3).Texas State Historical Association:157–184.JSTOR30235477.
- ^Roell, Craig H. (July 2004). "Reviewed Work: Alamo Traces: New Evidence and New Conclusions by Thomas Ricks Lindley".The Southwestern Historical Quarterly.108(1). Texas State Historical Association: 105–106.JSTOR30239499.
- ^The Alamo Cenotaphat TexasEscapes. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
- ^Frank Thompson (November 1, 2001).The Alamo: A Cultural History.Taylor Trade Publishing. pp. 239–.ISBN978-1-4617-3435-2.
- ^"Alamo Cenotaph will not be moved after Texas Historical Commission vote".September 22, 2020.
- ^"Cenotaph stays put under new Alamo Plaza guidelines advanced Wednesday".March 31, 2021.
- ^"The City of San Antonio surrenders ownership of the Cenotaph to the State of Texas".May 2, 2024.
External links
[edit]Media related toAlamo Cenotaphat Wikimedia Commons
- Historic district contributing properties in Texas
- 1939 sculptures
- Cenotaphs in the United States
- Davy Crockett
- Marble sculptures in Texas
- Monuments and memorials in Texas
- Outdoor sculptures in San Antonio
- Personifications of country subdivisions
- Sculptures by Pompeo Coppini
- Texas Revolution monuments and memorials