Albanian Fascist Party
Albanian Fascist Party Partia Fashiste Shqiptare | |
---|---|
Abbreviation | PFSh |
Leader | Tefik Mborja |
Founded | June 2, 1939(1939-06-02) |
Dissolved | July 27, 1943(1943-07-27) |
Headquarters | Abdi Toptani streetTirana |
Newspaper | Fashizmi |
Youth wing | Djelmnia e Liktorit Shqiptar(GLA) |
Paramilitary wing | Albanian Fascist Militia |
Membership(1940) | 13,500 |
Ideology | Fascism Albanian nationalism Albanian irredentism Italophilia Anti-Serb sentiment Anti-Greek sentiment |
Political position | Far-right |
National affiliation | National Fascist Party |
TheAlbanian Fascist Party(Albanian:Partia Fashiste Shqiptare,orPFSh) was afascistorganisation active duringWorld War IIwhich held nominal power inAlbaniafrom 1939, when the country wasinvadedbyItaly,until 1943, when Italycapitulatedto theAllies.Afterwards, Albania fell underGermanoccupation,and the PFSh was replaced by theBalli Kombëtar.
History
[edit]Establishment
[edit]On 25 March 1939,ItaliandictatorBenito MussolinigaveAlbanianKingZog Ian ultimatum demanding that he accept an Italian militaryprotectorateover Albania.[1]Zog refused, and the Italiansinvadedon 7 April and deposed him.[2]Zog fled the country.[3]The Italians re-established the Albanian state as theprotectorate of the Kingdom of Italy.[2]
On 11 April, ItalianMinister of Foreign AffairsGaleazzo Cianoarranged for a group of well-knownAlbaniansto "request" the formation of the Albanian Fascist Party (Albanian:Partia Fashiste e Shqipërisë,or PFSh). On 23 April,Achille Starace,theSecretaryof theNational Fascist Party(Italian:Partito Nazionale Fascista,or PNF), accompanied by twoRegia Marinawarships,arrived in Albania to officially announce the establishment of the PFSh,[4]which was founded on 2 June.[5]However, it did not receive its constitution until 6 June, and was not presented with an organised directorate and central council until March 1940.[4]
Italian rule
[edit]The PFSh enacted laws that preventedAlbanian Jewsfrom joining, and excluded them from professions such as education.[6]Composed of ethnic Albanians andItalian colonists in Albania,[7]the party existed as a branch of the PNF, and members were required to swear an oath of loyalty to Mussolini.[8]All Albanians serving the Italian occupiers were required to join, and it became the only legal political party in the country.[9]
List of ministers
[edit]Ministers secretaries of the Albanian Fascist Party
- Tefik Mborja(1939–1941)
- Jup Kazazi[sq](1941–1943)
- Kol Bib Mirakaj[sq](1943)
Ministers secretaries of the Guard of Great Albania
- Maliq Bushati(1943)
- Ekrem Libohova(1943)
"Geraca" (rank insignia) of the Albanian Fascist Party
[edit]See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^Bideleux & Jeffries 2007,pp. 30–31.
- ^abFischer 1999,pp. 21–57.
- ^Lemkin 2008,p. 99.
- ^abFischer 1999,p. 45.
- ^Elsie 2012,p. 426.
- ^Frank 2010,p. 97.
- ^Fischer 1999,pp. 45–46.
- ^Lemkin 2008,p. 102.
- ^Bideleux & Jeffries 2007,p. 31.
References
[edit]- Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (2007).The Balkans: A Post-Communist History.London: Routledge.ISBN978-0-203-96911-3.
- Elsie, Robert(2012).A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History.London: I.B.Tauris.ISBN978-1-78076-431-3.
- Fischer, Bernd Jürgen(1999).Albania at War, 1939–1945.West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue Research Foundation.ISBN1-55753-141-2.
- Frank, Chaim (2010). Petersen, Hans-Christian; Salzborn, Samuel (eds.).Antisemitism in Eastern Europe: History and Present in Comparison.Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang.ISBN978-3-631-59828-3.
- Lemkin, Raphael(2008).Axis Rule in Occupied Europe.Clark, New Jersey: The Lawbook Exchange.ISBN978-1-58477-901-8.
External links
[edit]
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- 1939 establishments in Albania
- 1943 disestablishments in Albania
- Albanian nationalist parties
- Defunct political parties in Albania
- Far-right political parties
- Fascist parties
- Italian fascism
- Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)
- Parties of one-party systems
- Political parties disestablished in 1943
- Political parties established in 1939
- Politics of World War II
- Fascism in Albania