Albert Londe

Chronophotographic image by Londe of what was described as an attack ofhysteria.

Étienne-Jules Marey:Albert Londe's 12-lens camera,1893

Albert Londe(26 November 1858 – 11 September 1917) was a French photographer, medical researcher andchronophotographer.He is remembered for his work as a medical photographer at theSalpêtrièreHospital inParis,funded by the Parisian authorities, as well as being a pioneer inX-rayphotography.

During his two decades at the Salpêtrière, Albert Londe developed into arguably the most outstanding scientific photographer of his time.

In 1878neurologistJean-Martin Charcothired Londe as a medical photographer at the Salpêtrière.In 1882 Londe devised a system to photograph the physical and muscular movements of patients (including individuals experiencingepileptic seizures). This he accomplished by using a camera with nine lenses that were triggered byelectromagneticenergy, and with the use of ametronomehe was able to sequentially time the release of the shutters, therefore taking photos onto glass plates in quick succession. A few years later Londe developed a camera with twelve lenses for photographing movement.

Londe's camera was also used for medical studies of muscle movement in subjects performing actions as diverse as those of a tightrope-walking and blacksmithing. The sequence of twelve pictures could be created for durations from 1/10 of a second to several seconds.

Although the apparatus was used primarily for medical research, Londe noted that it was portable, and he used it for other subjects - for example, horses and other animals and ocean waves. General Sobert developed, in conjunction with Londe, a chronophotographic device used to studyballistics.Londe's pictures were used as illustrations in several books, most notably those byPaul Richer,that were widely read by the medical and artistic fraternity.

WithÉtienne-Jules Marey(1830–1904), Londe performed many photographic experiments of movement, and the layout of his laboratory at the Salpêtrière was similar to Marey's renownedStation Physiologique.In 1893 Londe published the first book on medical photography, titledLa photographie médicale: Application aux sciences médicales et physiologiques.In 1898 he publishedTraité pratique de radiographie et de radioscope: technique et applications médicales.

Londe also published six journals. Albert Londe's 12-lens camera of 1891 was illustrated in the journal 'La Nature', 1893.

Written works

• Anatomie pathologique de la moelle epiniere (1891) (withPaul Oscar Blocq)
• In 1893 Londe published the first book on medical photography, titledLa photographie médicale: Application aux sciences médicales et physiologiques.
• In 1898 he publishedTraité pratique de radiographie et de radioscope: technique et applications médicales.

See also

• History of photography
• A Clinical Lesson at the Salpêtrière

References

• History of Cinematography
• Who's Who of Victorian Cinema