Albuquerque, New Mexico

Albuquerque
Albuquerque
City
	Skyline, withSandia–Manzano mountain rangebackdrop Downtown Albuquerque Sandia Peak Tramway Alvarado Center San Felipe de Neri Church Rio Grande Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta
	Flag Seal
	Nicknames: The Duke City, ABQ, The 505, Burque, The Q.
	Interactive map of Albuquerque
	Albuquerque Location in New Mexico Albuquerque Location in the United States
	Coordinates:35°06′39″N106°35′36″W/ 35.11083°N 106.59333°W
Country	United States
State	New Mexico
County	Bernalillo
Metropolitan area	Albuquerque metropolitan area
Founded	1706 (as Alburquerque)
Incorporated	1891 (as Albuquerque)
Founded by	Francisco Cuervo y Valdés
Named for	Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 10th Duke of Alburquerque
Government
• Type	Mayor–council government
•Mayor	Tim Keller(D)
•City Council	Councilors
•State House	Representatives
•State Senate	State senators
•U.S. House	Melanie Stansbury(D); Gabe Vasquez(D)
Area
•City	194.93 sq mi (489.39 km2)
• Land	188.27 sq mi (486.03 km2)
• Water	1.62 sq mi (4.35 km2)
Elevation	5,312 ft (1,619 m)
Population (2020)
•City	564,559
• Rank	85thin North America; 32ndin the United States; 1stin New Mexico
• Density	3,014.68/sq mi (1,163.97/km2)
•Urban	769,837 (US: 59th)
• Urban density	2,926.3/sq mi (1,129.9/km2)
•Metro	960,000 (US: 61st)
Demonym(s)	Albuquerquean (uncommon), Burqueño, Burqueña
Time zone	UTC−7(MST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−6(MDT)
ZIP Codes	87101–87125, 87131,; 87151, 87153, 87154,; 87158, 87174, 87176,; 87181, 87184, 87185,; 87187, 87190–87199
Area codes	505
FIPS code	35-02000
GNISfeature ID	2409678
Website	cabq.gov

Albuquerque(/ˈælbəkɜːrki/^ⓘAL-bə-kur-kee;Spanish:[alβuˈkeɾke]^ⓘ),^[a]also known asABQ,Burque,and theDuke City,is themost populous cityin theU.S. stateofNew Mexico.^[5]Founded in 1706 asLa Villa de AlburquerquebySanta Fe de Nuevo MéxicogovernorFrancisco Cuervo y Valdés,and named in honor ofFrancisco Fernández de la Cueva, 10th Duke of AlburquerqueandViceroy of New Spain,it served as anoutpostonEl Camino Reallinking Mexico City to the northernmost territories ofNew Spain.

Located in theAlbuquerque Basin,the city is flanked by theSandia Mountainsto the east and theWest Mesato the west, with theRio Grandeandbosqueflowing north-to-south through the middle of the city.^[6]According to the2020 census,Albuquerque had 564,559 residents,^[7]making it the32nd-most populous cityin the United States and the fourth largest in theSouthwest.TheAlbuquerque metropolitan areahad 955,000 residents in 2023, and forms part of theAlbuquerque–Santa Fe–Los Alamos combined statistical area,which had a population of 1,162,523.^[8]

Albuquerque is a hub for technology, fine arts, andmedia companies.^[9]^[10]It is home to severalhistoric landmarks,^[11]theUniversity of New Mexico,theAlbuquerque International Balloon Fiesta,theGathering of Nations,theNew Mexico State Fair,and a diverserestaurant scene,which features bothNew Mexicanandglobal cuisine.^[12]

History

Petroglyphscarved into basalt in the western part of the city bear testimony to a Native American presence in the area dating back many centuries.^[13]These are preserved in thePetroglyph National Monument.

TheTanoanandKeresanpeoples had lived along the Rio Grande for centuries before European colonists arrived in the area that developed as Albuquerque. By the 1500s, there were around 20Tiwapueblos along a 60-mile (97 km) stretch of river from present-dayAlgodonesto theRio Puercoconfluence south ofBelen.Of these, 12 or 13 were densely clustered near present-dayBernalillo,and the remainder were spread out to the south.^[14]

Two Tiwapuebloslie on the outskirts of present-day Albuquerque. Both have been continuously inhabited for many centuries:Sandia Pueblowas founded in the 14th century,^[15]andPueblo of Isletais documented in written records since the early 17th century. It was then chosen as the site of theSan Agustín de la Isleta Mission,aCatholic mission.

The historicNavajo,Apache,andComanchepeoples were likely to have set camps in the Albuquerque area, as there is evidence of trade and cultural exchange among the different Native American groups going back centuries before European arrival.^[16]

Albuquerque was founded in 1706 as an outpost asLa Villa de AlburquerquebyFrancisco Cuervo y Valdésin the provincial kingdom ofSanta Fe de Nuevo México.^[17]The settlement was named after the original town of ViceroyFrancisco Fernández de la Cueva,10thduke of Alburquerque,who was fromAlburquerque, Badajozin southwest Spain.

Albuquerque developed primarily for farming and sheep herds. It was a strategically located trading and military outpost along theCamino Real.It served otherTiquexandHispanotowns settled in the area, such asBarelas,Corrales,Isleta Pueblo,Los Ranchos,andSandia Pueblo.^[18]

After gaining independence in 1821, Mexico established a military presence here. The town of Alburquerque was built in the traditional Spanish villa pattern: a centralplazasurrounded by government buildings, homes, and a church. This central plaza area has been preserved and is open to the public as a cultural area and center of commerce. It is referred to as "Old Town Albuquerque"or simply" Old Town ". Historically it was sometimes referred to as" La Placita "(Little Plazain Spanish). On the north side of Old Town Plaza isSan Felipe de Neri Church.Built in 1793, it is one of the oldest surviving buildings in the city.^[19]

After the New Mexico Territory became a part of the United States in the mid-19th century, a federal garrison and quartermaster depot, the Post of Albuquerque, were established here, operating from 1846 to 1867. InBeyond the Mississippi(1867),Albert D. Richardson,traveling to California via coach, passed through Albuquerque in late October 1859—its population was 3,000 at the time—and described it as "one of the richest and pleasantest towns, with a Spanish cathedral and other buildings more than two hundred years old."^[20]

During theCivil War,Albuquerque was occupied for a month in February 1862 byConfederatetroops under GeneralHenry Hopkins Sibley.He soon afterward advanced with his main body into northern New Mexico.^{[citation needed]}During his retreat fromUniontroops intoTexas,he made a stand on April 8, 1862, and fought theBattle of Albuquerqueagainst a detachment of Union soldiers commanded by ColonelEdward R. S. Canby.This daylong engagement at long range led to few casualties. The residents of Albuquerque aided the Republican Union to rid the city of the occupying Confederate troops.^{[citation needed]}

When theAtchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroadarrived in 1880, it bypassed the Plaza, locating the passenger depot and railyards about2 miles (3 km)east in what quickly became known as New Albuquerque or New Town. The railway company built a hospital for its workers that was later used as a juvenile psychiatric facility. It has since been converted to a hotel.^[21]

Many Anglo merchants, mountain men, and settlers slowly filtered into Albuquerque, creating a major mercantile commercial center inDowntown Albuquerque.From this commercial center on July 4, 1882,Park Van Tasselbecame the first to fly a balloon in Albuquerque with a landing at Old Town.^[22]This was the first balloon flight in the New Mexico Territory.

Due to a rising rate of violent crime, gunmanMilt Yarberrywas appointed the town's first marshal that year. New Albuquerque was incorporated as a town in 1885, with Henry N. Jaffa its first mayor. It was incorporated as a city in 1891.^[23]^{: 232–233}

Old Town remained a separate community until the 1920s, when it was absorbed by Albuquerque.Old Albuquerque High School,the city's first public high school, was established in 1879.Congregation Albert,aReformsynagogue established in 1897, is the oldest continuing Jewish organization in the city.^[24]

By 1900, Albuquerque boasted a population of 8,000 and all the modern amenities, including an electric street railway connecting Old Town, New Town, and the recently established University of New Mexico campus on the East Mesa.^{[citation needed]}In 1902, theAlvarado Hotelwas built adjacent to the new passenger depot, and it remained a famous symbol of the city for decades.^[25]Outdated, it was razed in 1970 and the site was converted to a parking lot.^[26]

In 2002, theAlvarado Transportation Centerwas built on the site in a style resembling the old landmark. The large metro station functions as the downtown headquarters for the city's transit department. It also serves as an intermodal hub for local buses,Greyhoundbuses,Amtrakpassenger trains, and theRail Runnercommuter rail line.^{[citation needed]}

In the early days of transcontinental air service, Albuquerque was an important stop on many transcontinental air routes, earning it the nickname "Crossroads of the Southwest".^[27]

During the early 20th century, New Mexico's dry climate attracted manytuberculosispatients to the city in search of a cure,^{[citation needed]}this was before penicillin was found to be effective. Several sanitaria were developed on theWest Mesato serve TB patients. Presbyterian Hospital and St. Joseph Hospital, two of the largest hospitals in the Southwest, had their beginnings during this period. InfluentialNew Deal–era governorClyde Tingleyand famed Southwestern architectJohn Gaw Meemwere among those who came to New Mexico seeking recovery from TB.^{[citation needed]}

The first travelers onRoute 66appeared in Albuquerque in 1926. Soon dozens of motels, restaurants, and gift shops sprouted along the roadside to serve them. Route 66 originally ran through the city on a north–south alignment along Fourth Street. In 1937 it was realigned alongCentral Avenue,a more direct east–west route.^{[citation needed]}The intersection of Fourth and Central downtown was the principal crossroads of the city for decades. The majority of the surviving structures from the Route 66 era are on Central, though there are also some on Fourth. Signs between Bernalillo and Los Lunas along the old route now have brown, historical highway markers denoting it asPre-1937 Route 66.^{[citation needed]}

The establishment ofKirtland Air Force Basein 1939,Sandia Basein the early 1940s, andSandia National Laboratoriesin 1949, would make Albuquerque a key player of the Atomic Age. Meanwhile, the city continued to expand outward into the Northeast Heights, reaching a population of 201,189 by 1960 per the U.S. Census.^[28]

By 1990, it was 384,736 and in 2007 it was 518,271. In June 2007, Albuquerque was listed as the sixth fastest-growing city in the United States.^[29]In 1990, theU.S. Census Bureaureported Albuquerque's population as 34.5% Hispanic and 58.3% non-Hispanic white.^[30]

On April 11, 1950, a USAFB-29 bombercarrying anuclear weaponcrashed into a mountain nearManzano Base.^[31]On May 22, 1957, a B-36 accidentally dropped aMark 17 nuclear bomb4.5 miles from the control tower while landing atKirtland Air Force Base.Only the conventional trigger detonated, as the bomb was unarmed. These incidents were not reported as they were classified as secret for decades.^[32]

Following the end of WWII, population shifts as well as suburban development,urban sprawland gentrification, Albuquerque's downtown entered a period of decline. Many historic buildings were razed in the 1960s and 1970s to make way for new plazas, high-rises, and parking lots as part of the city's urban renewal phase.^{[citation needed]}As of 2010^[update],only recently has Downtown Albuquerque come to regain much of its urban character^{[citation needed]},mainly through the construction of many new loft apartment buildings and the renovation of historic structures such as theKiMo Theater.

During the 21st century, Albuquerque's population has continued to grow rapidly. The population of the city proper was estimated at 528,497 in 2009, up from 448,607 in the 2000 census.^[33]During 2005 and 2006, the city celebrated its tricentennial with a diverse program of cultural events.

The passage of the Planned Growth Strategy in 2002–2004 was the community's strongest effort to create a framework for a more balanced and sustainable approach to urban growth.^[34]

Urban sprawl is limited on three sides—by theSandia Puebloto the north, theIsleta Puebloand Kirtland Air Force Base to the south, and the Sandia Mountains to the east. Suburban growth continues at a strong pace to the west, beyond the Petroglyph National Monument, once thought to be a natural boundary to sprawl development.^[35]

Because of less-costly land and lower taxes, much of the growth in the metropolitan area is taking place outside of the city of Albuquerque itself. In Rio Rancho to the northwest, the communities east of the mountains, and the incorporated parts ofValencia County,population growth rates approach twice that of Albuquerque. The primary cities in Valencia County areLos LunasandBelen,both of which are home to growing industrial complexes and new residential subdivisions. The mountain towns ofTijeras,Edgewood,andMoriarty,while close enough to Albuquerque to be considered suburbs, have experienced much less growth compared to Rio Rancho, Bernalillo, Los Lunas, and Belen. Limited water supply and rugged terrain are the main limiting factors for development in these towns. TheMid Region Council of Governments(MRCOG), which includes constituents from throughout the Albuquerque area, was formed to ensure that these governments along the middle Rio Grande would be able to meet the needs of their rapidly rising populations. MRCOG's cornerstone project is currently theNew Mexico Rail Runner Express.^{[citation needed]}

Geography

Albuquerque is located in north-central New Mexico. To its east are theSandia–Manzano Mountains.TheRio Grandeflows north to south through its center, while theWest MesaandPetroglyph National Monumentmake up the western part of the city. Albuquerque has one of the highest elevations of any major city in the U.S., ranging from 4,900 feet (1,500 m)above sea levelnear theRio Grandeto over 6,700 feet (2,000 m) in the foothill areas ofSandia Heightsand Glenwood Hills. The civic apex is found in an undeveloped area within the Albuquerque Open Space; there, the terrain rises to an elevation of approximately 6,880 feet (2,100 m), and the metropolitan area's highest point isSandia Crestat an altitude of 10,678 feet (3,255 m).

According to theUnited States Census Bureau,Albuquerque has a total area of189.5 square miles (490.9 km²),of which187.7 square miles (486.2 km²)is land and1.8 square miles (4.7 km²),or 0.96%, is water.^[36]

Albuquerque lies within the fertileRio Grande Valleywith itsBosqueforest, in the center of theAlbuquerque Basin,flanked on the eastern side by theSandia Mountainsand to the west by theWest Mesa.^[37]^[38]Located in central New Mexico, the city also has noticeable influences from the adjacentColorado Plateausemi-desert, New Mexico Mountains forested with juniper and pine, and Southwest plateaus and plains steppe ecoregions, depending on where one is located.

Landforms and drainage

Albuquerque has one of the highest and most varied elevations of any major city in the United States, though the effects of this are greatly tempered by its southwesterly continental position.^{[citation needed]}The elevation of the city ranges from4,949 feet (1,508 m)above sea levelnear the Rio Grande^[39](in the Valley) to6,165 feet (1,879 m)in the foothill areas ofSandia Heights.^[40]At theAlbuquerque International Sunport,the elevation is5,355 feet (1,632 m)above sea level.^[41]

The Rio Grande is classified, like theNile,as an "exotic" river. The New Mexico portion of the Rio Grande lies within theRio Grande RiftValley, bordered by a system offaults,including those that lifted up the adjacentSandiaandManzano Mountains,while lowering the area where the life-sustaining Rio Grande now flows.

Geology and Ecology

Albuquerque lies in theAlbuquerque Basin,a portion of theRio Grande rift.^[42] TheSandia Mountainsare the predominant geographic feature visible in Albuquerque.Sandíais Spanish for "watermelon",and is popularly believed to be a reference to the brilliant pink and green coloration of the mountains at sunset. The pink is due to large exposures ofgranodioritecliffs, and the green is due to large swaths ofconiferforests. However, Robert Julyan notes inThe Place Names of New Mexico,"the most likely explanation is the one believed by theSandia PuebloIndians: the Spaniards, when they encountered the Pueblo in 1540, called it Sandia, because they thought the squash growing there were watermelons, and the name Sandia soon was transferred to the mountains east of the pueblo. "^[43]He also notes that the Sandia Pueblo Indians call the mountainBien Mur,"Big Mountain."^[43]

Albuquerque lies at the northern edge of theChihuahuan Deserttransitioning into theColorado Plateau.The Sandia Mountains represent the northern edge of theArizona/New Mexico Mountains ecoregion.

The environments of Albuquerque include the Rio Grandebosque,(floodplain cottonwood forest), arid scrub, and mesas that turn into the Sandia foothills in the east. The Rio Grande's bosque has been significantly reduced and its natural flood cycle disrupted by dams built further upstream. A corridor of bosque surrounding the river within the city has been preserved asRio Grande Valley State Park.

A few remaining natural arroyos provide riparian habitat within the city, though naturalarroyosdraining into the Rio Grande have largely been replaced with concrete channels. After a series of floods in the 1950s, passage of the "Arroyo Flood Control Act of 1963" provided for the construction of a series of concrete diversion channels.^[44]The network of channels was built by the Army Corps of Engineers during the 1960s and early 1970s.^[44]

Iconic urban wildlife includes theroadrunner,Gunnison's prairie dog,coyote,andNew Mexico whiptail lizard.The bosque is a popular destination for wildlife viewing, with opportunities to seeporcupinesandsandhill cranesin the winter.^[45]Cooper's hawksare common in city parks.^[46]

Iconic vegetation includes theRio Grande cottonwoodin the bosque, andtree cholla,prickly pear,yucca,chamisa,andoneseed juniperin upland areas. The foothill open space at the eastern border also featuresSonoran scrub oakandpiñon pine.Desert willowsare commonly planted throughout the city.Tumbleweedsare a common weed in disturbed areas, and are used by the city to make an annual holiday snowman.^[47]

Cityscape

Panoramic view of the city of Albuquerque looking east

Photo shows the nighttime cityscape of Albuquerque as seen looking west by south from the upper terminal of Sandia Peak Tramway — Nocturnal view of Albuquerque fromSandia Peak Tramwayupper terminal

Quadrants

Albuquerque is geographically divided into four unequalquadrantsthat are officially part of mailing addresses, placed immediately after the street name. They are Northeast (NE), Northwest (NW), Southeast (SE), and Southwest (SW). Albuquerque's official quadrant system uses Central Ave for the north–south division and the railroad tracks for the east–west division. I-25 and I-40 are also sometimes used informally to divide the city into quadrants.

Northeast

This quadrant has been experiencing a housing expansion since the late 1950s. It abuts the base of the Sandia Mountains and contains portions of the foothills neighborhoods, which are significantly higher in elevation than the rest of the city. Running from Central Ave and theRailrunnertracks to theSandia Peak Aerial Tram,this is the largest quadrant both geographically and by population. Martineztown, theMaxwell Museum of Anthropology,University of New Mexico,the Uptown area, which includes three shopping malls (Coronado Center,ABQ Uptown, andWinrock Town Center), Hoffmantown, Journal Center, andCliff's Amusement Parkare all in this quadrant.

Some of the most affluent neighborhoods in the city are here, including:High Desert,Tanoan, Sandia Heights, and North Albuquerque Acres. Parts of Sandia Heights and North Albuquerque Acres are outside the city limits proper. A few houses in the farthest reach of this quadrant lie in theCibola National Forest,just over the line intoSandoval County.

Northwest

This quadrant contains historicOld Town Albuquerque,which dates to the 18th century, as well as theIndian Pueblo Cultural Center.The area has a mixture of commercial districts and low to high-income neighborhoods. Northwest Albuquerque includes the largest section ofDowntown,Rio Grande Nature Center State Parkand theBosque( "woodlands" ), Petroglyph National Monument,Double Eagle II Airport,the Paradise Hills neighborhood, Taylor Ranch, andCottonwood Mall.

This quadrant also contains theNorth Valleysettlement, outside the city limits, which has some expensive homes and small ranches along theRio Grande.The city of Albuquerque engulfs the village ofLos Ranchos de Albuquerque.A small portion of the rapidly developing area on the west side of the river south of the Petroglyphs, known as the "West Mesa"or" Westside ", consisting primarily of traditional residential subdivisions, also extends into this quadrant. The city proper is bordered on the north by the North Valley, the village ofCorrales,and the city ofRio Rancho.

Southeast

Kirtland Air Force Base,Sandia National Laboratories,Sandia Science & Technology Park, the Max Q commercial district,Albuquerque International Sunport,American Society of Radiologic Technologists,Central New Mexico Community College,UNM South Campus,Presbyterian Hospital Duke City BMX,University Stadium,Rio Grande Credit Union Field at Isotopes Park,The Pit,Mesa del Sol,Isleta Amphitheater,Netflix Studios,Isleta Resort & Casino, theNational Museum of Nuclear Science & History,New Mexico Veterans Memorial, and Talin Market are all located in the Southeast quadrant of Albuquerque.

The southern half of the International District lies along Central Ave and Louisiana Blvd. Here, many immigrant communities have settled and thrive, having established numerous businesses.^{[citation needed]}Albuquerque'sVietnamese Americancommunity is partly business-centered in this area, as well as the Eubank, Juan Tabo, and Central areas, and other parts of Albuquerque. There is also aLaotian Americantemple and a sizable community in parts of this area as well as around Uptown. There is also an African American community around Highland.^{[citation needed]}

The Four Hills neighborhoods are located in and around the foothills on the outskirts of Southeast Albuquerque. The vast newer subdivision of Volterra lies west of the Four Hills area. Popular urban neighborhoods that can be found in Southeast Albuquerque includeNob Hill,Ridgecrest, Parkland Hills, Hyder Park, and University Heights.

Southwest

Traditionally consisting of agricultural and rural areas and suburban neighborhoods, the Southwest quadrant comprises the south-end of Downtown Albuquerque, theBarelasneighborhood, the rapidly growing west side, and the community ofSouth Valley, New Mexico,often called "The South Valley". The quadrant extends all the way to the Isleta Indian Reservation. Newer suburban subdivisions on theWest Mesanear the southwestern city limits join homes of older construction, some dating as far back as the 1940s.^{[citation needed]}This quadrant includes the old communities of Atrisco, Los Padillas, Huning Castle, Kinney, Westgate, Westside, Alamosa, Mountainview, and Pajarito. The Bosque ( "woodlands" ), theNational Hispanic Cultural Center,theRio Grande Zoo,andTingley Beachare also here.

A new adopted development plan, the Santolina Master Plan, will extend development on the west side past 118th Street SW to the edge of theRio Puerco Valleyand house 100,000 by 2050.^[48]

Climate

Albuquerque's climate is classified as acold semi-arid climate(BSk) according to theKöppen climate classificationsystem, while The Biota of North America Program^[49]and the U.S. Geological Survey describe it as warm temperate semi-desert.^[50]^[51]

Climate data for Albuquerque (Albuquerque International Sunport), 1991–2020 normals,^[b]extremes 1891–present^[c]
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	72 (22)	79 (26)	85 (29)	89 (32)	98 (37)	107 (42)	105 (41)	102 (39)	100 (38)	91 (33)	83 (28)	72 (22)	107 (42)
Mean maximum °F (°C)	60.9 (16.1)	67.5 (19.7)	76.8 (24.9)	83.2 (28.4)	91.2 (32.9)	99.3 (37.4)	99.4 (37.4)	96.1 (35.6)	91.7 (33.2)	83.6 (28.7)	71.1 (21.7)	60.8 (16.0)	100.8 (38.2)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)	48.4 (9.1)	54.1 (12.3)	62.8 (17.1)	70.3 (21.3)	79.9 (26.6)	90.4 (32.4)	91.2 (32.9)	88.8 (31.6)	82.5 (28.1)	70.6 (21.4)	57.3 (14.1)	47.3 (8.5)	70.3 (21.3)
Daily mean °F (°C)	37.4 (3.0)	41.9 (5.5)	49.5 (9.7)	56.8 (13.8)	66.1 (18.9)	76.1 (24.5)	78.9 (26.1)	76.9 (24.9)	70.3 (21.3)	58.4 (14.7)	45.7 (7.6)	36.9 (2.7)	57.9 (14.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)	26.4 (−3.1)	29.8 (−1.2)	36.2 (2.3)	43.2 (6.2)	52.4 (11.3)	61.9 (16.6)	66.5 (19.2)	64.9 (18.3)	58.1 (14.5)	46.1 (7.8)	34.1 (1.2)	26.6 (−3.0)	45.5 (7.5)
Mean minimum °F (°C)	15.4 (−9.2)	17.6 (−8.0)	23.9 (−4.5)	30.5 (−0.8)	39.6 (4.2)	52.3 (11.3)	60.6 (15.9)	59.0 (15.0)	47.4 (8.6)	31.9 (−0.1)	21.3 (−5.9)	13.7 (−10.2)	10.9 (−11.7)
Record low °F (°C)	−17 (−27)	−10 (−23)	6 (−14)	13 (−11)	25 (−4)	35 (2)	42 (6)	46 (8)	26 (−3)	19 (−7)	−7 (−22)	−16 (−27)	−17 (−27)
Averageprecipitationinches (mm)	0.36 (9.1)	0.43 (11)	0.46 (12)	0.51 (13)	0.44 (11)	0.57 (14)	1.64 (42)	1.31 (33)	1.15 (29)	0.87 (22)	0.57 (14)	0.53 (13)	8.84 (225)
Average snowfall inches (cm)	1.4 (3.6)	1.5 (3.8)	0.7 (1.8)	0.3 (0.76)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.3 (0.76)	0.9 (2.3)	2.8 (7.1)	7.9 (20)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in)	3.6	3.7	3.8	2.8	3.7	3.5	8.7	8.3	5.9	4.7	3.4	4.0	56.1
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in)	1.9	1.6	1.0	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.9	2.5	8.5
Averagerelative humidity(%)	56.3	49.8	39.7	32.5	31.1	29.8	41.9	47.1	47.4	45.3	49.9	56.8	44.0
Averagedew point°F (°C)	18.0 (−7.8)	19.6 (−6.9)	19.2 (−7.1)	21.4 (−5.9)	27.9 (−2.3)	35.4 (1.9)	49.1 (9.5)	50.4 (10.2)	44.1 (6.7)	32.5 (0.3)	23.7 (−4.6)	19.0 (−7.2)	30.0 (−1.1)
Mean monthlysunshine hours	234.2	225.3	270.2	304.6	347.4	359.3	335.0	314.2	286.7	281.4	233.8	223.3	3,415.4
Percentpossible sunshine	75	74	73	78	80	83	76	75	77	80	75	73	77
Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)^[52]^[53]^[54]

Climate data forSouth Valley, New Mexico(elevation 4,955 ft (1,510.3 m), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1991–2022)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	73 (23)	79 (26)	86 (30)	89 (32)	101 (38)	105 (41)	104 (40)	101 (38)	98 (37)	89 (32)	79 (26)	70 (21)	105 (41)
Mean maximum °F (°C)	64.2 (17.9)	70.3 (21.3)	79.3 (26.3)	84.1 (28.9)	91.7 (33.2)	99.9 (37.7)	100.3 (37.9)	97.2 (36.2)	92.9 (33.8)	84.5 (29.2)	73.0 (22.8)	63.5 (17.5)	101.4 (38.6)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)	51.1 (10.6)	57.1 (13.9)	65.5 (18.6)	72.4 (22.4)	80.9 (27.2)	90.9 (32.7)	92.5 (33.6)	90.1 (32.3)	83.4 (28.6)	72.2 (22.3)	59.7 (15.4)	49.9 (9.9)	72.1 (22.3)
Daily mean °F (°C)	36.7 (2.6)	41.9 (5.5)	49.3 (9.6)	56.2 (13.4)	64.5 (18.1)	73.9 (23.3)	78.0 (25.6)	76.0 (24.4)	68.6 (20.3)	56.8 (13.8)	44.6 (7.0)	36.1 (2.3)	56.9 (13.8)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)	22.3 (−5.4)	26.8 (−2.9)	33.1 (0.6)	40.1 (4.5)	48.1 (8.9)	56.8 (13.8)	63.4 (17.4)	61.9 (16.6)	53.9 (12.2)	41.4 (5.2)	29.5 (−1.4)	22.4 (−5.3)	41.6 (5.3)
Mean minimum °F (°C)	9.9 (−12.3)	13.5 (−10.3)	19.4 (−7.0)	27.3 (−2.6)	35.6 (2.0)	46.4 (8.0)	56.1 (13.4)	54.1 (12.3)	42.3 (5.7)	27.9 (−2.3)	15.8 (−9.0)	10.4 (−12.0)	6.9 (−13.9)
Record low °F (°C)	−4 (−20)	−5 (−21)	6 (−14)	22 (−6)	26 (−3)	41 (5)	47 (8)	44 (7)	36 (2)	15 (−9)	9 (−13)	2 (−17)	−5 (−21)
Averageprecipitationinches (mm)	0.45 (11)	0.47 (12)	0.54 (14)	0.59 (15)	0.48 (12)	0.57 (14)	1.53 (39)	1.52 (39)	1.26 (32)	1.02 (26)	0.59 (15)	0.65 (17)	9.67 (246)
Average snowfall inches (cm)	1.4 (3.6)	1.3 (3.3)	0.6 (1.5)	0.3 (0.76)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.3 (0.76)	0.6 (1.5)	2.3 (5.8)	6.8 (17)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in)	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.0	3.6	3.6	8.5	8.9	5.8	4.6	2.9	4.1	56.2
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in)	1.4	1.0	0.4	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.4	1.3	4.9
Source: NOAA^[55]^[52]

Climate data for Albuquerque Foothills (elevation 6,120 ft (1,865.4 m), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1991–present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	69 (21)	71 (22)	81 (27)	86 (30)	96 (36)	103 (39)	104 (40)	101 (38)	95 (35)	86 (30)	75 (24)	64 (18)	104 (40)
Mean maximum °F (°C)	57.2 (14.0)	63.7 (17.6)	73.9 (23.3)	80.2 (26.8)	88.8 (31.6)	96.3 (35.7)	96.6 (35.9)	93.4 (34.1)	88.7 (31.5)	79.9 (26.6)	66.8 (19.3)	56.9 (13.8)	97.7 (36.5)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)	45.2 (7.3)	51.1 (10.6)	60.1 (15.6)	68.5 (20.3)	77.6 (25.3)	87.7 (30.9)	88.7 (31.5)	86.3 (30.2)	79.8 (26.6)	67.7 (19.8)	54.3 (12.4)	44.5 (6.9)	67.6 (19.8)
Daily mean °F (°C)	35.4 (1.9)	39.8 (4.3)	47.4 (8.6)	54.4 (12.4)	63.3 (17.4)	72.9 (22.7)	75.6 (24.2)	73.6 (23.1)	67.3 (19.6)	55.6 (13.1)	43.6 (6.4)	35.2 (1.8)	55.3 (12.9)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)	25.6 (−3.6)	28.6 (−1.9)	34.7 (1.5)	40.2 (4.6)	49.1 (9.5)	58.2 (14.6)	62.4 (16.9)	60.9 (16.1)	54.8 (12.7)	43.4 (6.3)	32.9 (0.5)	25.8 (−3.4)	43.0 (6.1)
Mean minimum °F (°C)	12.4 (−10.9)	15.2 (−9.3)	19.8 (−6.8)	26.5 (−3.1)	35.0 (1.7)	47.5 (8.6)	55.3 (12.9)	54.1 (12.3)	41.9 (5.5)	27.7 (−2.4)	17.7 (−7.9)	10.6 (−11.9)	8.5 (−13.1)
Record low °F (°C)	2 (−17)	−12 (−24)	10 (−12)	20 (−7)	28 (−2)	40 (4)	48 (9)	48 (9)	31 (−1)	17 (−8)	10 (−12)	3 (−16)	−12 (−24)
Averageprecipitationinches (mm)	0.71 (18)	0.85 (22)	1.05 (27)	0.88 (22)	0.70 (18)	0.61 (15)	2.61 (66)	2.66 (68)	1.56 (40)	1.33 (34)	0.88 (22)	1.08 (27)	14.92 (379)
Average snowfall inches (cm)	4.0 (10)	4.4 (11)	3.7 (9.4)	1.7 (4.3)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.6 (1.5)	2.4 (6.1)	6.9 (18)	23.7 (60)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in)	5.3	5.5	5.4	4.2	5.1	4.1	11.7	10.5	7.4	5.8	4.7	5.8	75.5
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in)	3.4	3.1	2.5	1.2	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	1.4	3.8	16.0
Source: NOAA^[52]^[56]

See or editraw graph data.

Albuquerque is located near the crossroads of several ecoregions. According to theU.S. Environmental Protection Agency,^[57]the city is located in the southeastern edge of theArizona/New Mexico Plateau,with theArizona/New Mexico Mountains ecoregiondefining the adjacent Sandia-Manzano mountains, including the foothills in the eastern edges of the city limits, above Juan Tabo Boulevard. Though the city lies at the northern edge of theChihuahuan Deserttransitioning into theColorado Plateau,much of Albuquerque area west of theSandia Mountainsshares similar aridity, temperatures, and natural vegetation more with that of the Chihuahuan Desert, namely the desert grassland and sand scrub plant communities.^[58]

The eastern portion of the greater Albuquerque area are known as the East Mountain area, and they are within theSouthwestern Tablelands,sometimes considered a southern extension of the central high plains and northeast New Mexico highlands. To the north is theSouthern Rockiesecoregion in the Jemez Mountains.

The average annual precipitation is less than half of evaporation supporting anarid climate(BWk), and no month's daily temperature mean is below freezing. The climate is rather mild compared to parts of the country further north or further south. However, due to the city's high elevation, low temperatures in winter often dip below freezing. Varied terrain and elevations within the city and outlying areas cause daily temperature differentials to vary. The daily average temperatures in December and January, the coldest months, are above freezing at 36.9 °F (2.7 °C) and 37.4 °F (3.0 °C), respectively.

Albuquerque's climate is usually sunny and dry, with an average of 3,415 sunshine hours per year.^[54]^[59]Brilliant sunshine defines the region, averaging 278 days a year; periods of variably mid and high-level cloudiness temper the sun, mostly during the cooler months. Extended cloudiness lasting longer than two or three days is rare.

Winter typically consists of cool days and cold nights, except following passage of the strongest cold fronts and arctic airmasses when daytime temperatures remain colder than average; overnight temperatures tend to fall below freezing between about 10 pm and 8 am in the city, except during colder airmasses, plus colder spots of the valley and most of the East Mountain areas. December, the coolest month, averages 36.9 °F (2.7 °C); the median or normal coolest temperature of the year is 12 °F (−11 °C), while the average or mean is about 11 °F (−12 °C). It is typical for daily low temperatures in much of late December, and January, and February to be below freezing, with a long-term average of 93 days per year falling to or below freezing, and two days failing to rise above freezing. In March, winds dominate as the temperatures began to warm late in the winter.^[52]

Spring is windy, sometimes unsettled with rain, though spring is usually the driest part of the year in Albuquerque. Late March and April tend to experience many days with the wind blowing at 20 to 30 mph (32 to 48 km/h), and afternoon gusts can produce periods of blowing sand and dust.^{[citation needed]}In May, the winds tend to subside as a summer-like airmass and temperatures begin to occur into with regularity. The warming and drying trend continues into June. By mid-June, temperatures can exceed 100 °F (38 °C).

Summer is lengthy and very warm to hot, relatively tolerable for most people because of low humidity and air movement. The exception is some days during theNew Mexico monsoon,when daily humidity remains relatively high, especially in July and August. 2.6 days of 100 °F (38 °C) or warmer highs occur annually on average, mostly in June and July and rarely in August due in part to the monsoon; an average of 64 days experience 90 °F (32 °C) or warmer highs.^[52]Despite the rarity of such heat, 28 days with highs at or above 100 °F (38 °C) occurred in the summer of 1980 at Albuquerque's Sunport. In September, the monsoon begins to weaken.^[60]Portions of the valley and West Mesa locations experience more high temperatures above 90 °F (32 °C) and 100 °F (38 °C) as part of normal or extreme weather each summer.

Autumn is generally cool in the mornings and nights but sees less rain than summer, though the weather can be more unsettled closer to winter, as colder airmasses and weather patterns build in from the north and northwest with more frequency.^{[citation needed]}Occasionally, snow will fall in late autumn in December; rarely in late November.

Precipitation averages 8.84 inches (225 mm) per year. On average, January is the driest month, while July and August are the wettest months, as a result of shower and thunderstorm activity produced by the monsoon prevalent over the Southwestern United States. Most rain occurs during the late summer monsoon season, typically starting in early June and ending in mid-September.^{[citation needed]}

Albuquerque averages 7.9 inches (20 cm) of snow per winter, and experiences several accumulating snow events each season. Locations in the Northeast Heights and Eastern Foothills tend to receive more snowfall due to each region's higher elevation and proximity to the mountains. The city was one of several in the region experiencing a severe winter storm on December 28–30, 2006, with locations in Albuquerque receiving between 10.5 and 26 inches (27 and 66 cm) of snow.^[61]More recently, a major winter storm in late February 2015 dropped up to a foot (30 cm) of snow on most of the city. Such large snowfalls are rare occurrences during the period of record, and they greatly impact traffic movement and the workforce due to their rarity.^{[citation needed]}

The mountains and highlands east of the city create arain shadoweffect, due to the drying of air descending the mountains; the Sandia Mountain foothills tend to lift any available moisture, enhancing precipitation to about 10–17 inches (254–432 mm) annually.^{[citation needed]}Traveling west, north, and east of Albuquerque, one quickly rises in elevation and leaves the sheltering effect of the valley to enter a noticeably cooler and slightly wetter environment.^{[citation needed]}One such area is considered part of Albuquerque Metropolitan Area, commonly called the East Mountain area; it is covered in woodlands of juniper and piñon trees, a common trait of southwestern uplands and the southernmost Rocky Mountains.

Hydrology

Albuquerque's drinking water comes from a combination of Rio Grande water (river water diverted from theColorado Riverbasin through theSan Juan–Chama Project^[62]) and a delicateaquiferthat has been described as an "undergroundLake Superior".The Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority (ABCWUA) has developed a water resources management strategy that pursuesconservationand the direct extraction of water from the Rio Grande for the development of a stable underground aquifer in the future.^[63]^[64]

The aquifer of theRio Puercois toosalineto be cost-effectively used for drinking. Much of therainwaterAlbuquerque receives does not recharge its aquifer. It is diverted through a network of paved channels andarroyosand empties into theRio Grande.

Of the 62,780 acre-feet (77,440,000 m³) per year of the water in the upperColorado Riverbasin entitled to municipalities in New Mexico by theUpper Colorado River Basin Compact,Albuquerque owns 48,200. The water is delivered to the Rio Grande by theSan Juan–Chama Project.The project's construction was initiated by legislation signed by PresidentJohn F. Kennedyin 1962, and was completed in 1971. This diversion project transports water under thecontinental dividefromNavajo Laketo Lake Heron on the Rio Chama, a tributary of the Rio Grande. In the past much of this water was resold to downstream owners in Texas. These arrangements ended in 2008 with the completion of the ABCWUA's Drinking Water Supply Project.^[65]

The ABCWUA's Drinking Water Supply Project uses a system of adjustable-height dams to skim water from the Rio Grande intosluicesthat lead towater treatmentfacilities for directconversion to potable water.Some water is allowed to flow through central Albuquerque, mostly to protect the endangeredRio Grande silvery minnow.Treatedeffluent water is recycled into the Rio Grande south of the city. The ABCWUA expects river water to comprise up to seventy percent of its water budget in 2060.Groundwaterwill constitute the remainder. One of the policies of the ABCWUA's strategy is the acquisition of additional river water.^[64]^[66]^{: Policy G, 14}

Demographics

Residents of the city areknown asBurqueños(masculine grammatical gender) orBurqueñas(feminine grammatical gender), or more rarely as simply "Albuquerqueans". ^[67]The Spanish terms are fromChicanoslang (Caló).^[68]"Burqueño" is also sometimes used as an adjective for anything related to that city,^[69]or to specifically refer to someone who identifies with the Burqueños New Mexico prison gang, or one of thebarrioswithin Albuquerque.^[70]^[71]Burqueños often speakNew Mexican SpanishandWestern American English.

Historical population
Census	Pop.	%±
1880	2,315	—
1890	3,785	63.5%
1900	6,238	64.8%
1910	11,020	76.7%
1920	15,157	37.5%
1930	26,570	75.3%
1940	35,449	33.4%
1950	96,815	173.1%
1960	201,189	107.8%
1970	244,501	21.5%
1980	332,920	36.2%
1990	384,736	15.6%
2000	448,607	16.6%
2010	545,852	21.7%
2020	564,559	3.4%
U.S. Decennial Census^[72] 2010–2020^[7]^[3]

Historical racial profile	2020^[73]	2010^[74]	1990^[30]	1970^[30]	1950^[30]
Hispanic or Latino(of any race)	49.2%	46.7%	34.5%	33.1%	N/A
White	70.3%	69.7%	78.2%	95.7%	98.0%
—Non-Hispanic	38.3%	42.1%	58.3%	63.3%	N/A
American Indian and Alaska Native persons	4.5%	4.6%
Black or African American	3.1%	3.3%	3.0%	2.2%	1.3%
Asian	3%	2.6%	1.7%	0.3%	0.1%

According to the 2020 U.S. census, there were 564,559 people and 229,701 households in Albuquerque. The population density was 2,907.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,122.6/km²), making Albuquerque one of theleast densely populated large citiesin the U.S.

In 2020, the racial makeup of the city (including Latinos in the racial counts) was 60.3%White,^[75]4.5% Native American, 3.1%Black or African American,3%Asian,0.1% Native Hawaiian and otherPacific Islander,and 9.2%Multiracial(two or more races).^[73]About half of all residents (47.7%) wereHispanic or Latino,of any race whilenon-Hispanic whitesaccounted for 37.7%.^[76]

2020 census

**Albuquerque, New Mexico – Racial and ethnic composition**
*Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.*
Race / Ethnicity(NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 2000^[77]	Pop 2010^[78]	Pop 2020^[76]	% 2000	% 2010	% 2020
Whitealone (NH)	223,895	229,933	212,966	49.91%	42.12%	37.72%
Black or African Americanalone (NH)	12,376	14,878	16,649	2.76%	2.73%	2.95%
Native AmericanorAlaska Nativealone (NH)	14,813	20,627	25,195	3.30%	3.78%	4.46%
Asianalone (NH)	9,689	13,674	18,041	2.16%	2.51%	3.20%
Pacific Islanderalone (NH)	339	418	483	0.08%	0.08%	0.09%
Other racealone (NH)	682	1,224	2,888	0.15%	0.22%	0.51%
Mixed race or Multiracial(NH)	7,738	10,043	19,099	1.72%	1.84%	3.38%
Hispanic or Latino(any race)	179,075	255,055	269,238	39.92%	46.73%	47.69%
Total	448,607	545,852	564,559	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

In 2010, about one-third of Albuquerque households (33.3%) had children under the age of 18, 43.6% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female with no husband present, and 38.5% were non-families; 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.02.

In 2010, the age distribution was 24.5% under 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.8 males.

In 2010, the median income for a household in the city was $38,272, and the median income for a family was $46,979. Males had a median income of $34,208 versus $26,397 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,884. About 10.0% of families and 13.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.4% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.

TheAlbuquerque metropolitan areahad 923,630 residents in July 2020.^[4]The area includesRio Rancho,Bernalillo,Placitas,Zia Pueblo,Los Lunas,Belen,South Valley,Bosque Farms,Jemez Pueblo,Cuba,and part ofLaguna Pueblo.This metro is part of the largerAlbuquerque–Santa Fe–Los Alamos combined statistical area(CSA), with a population of 1,171,991 as of 2016. The CSA constitutes the southernmost point of theSouthern Rocky Mountain Front megalopolis,with a population of 5,467,633 according to the2010 United States census,including other majorRocky Mountain regioncities such asCheyenne,Wyoming;Denver,Colorado;andColorado Springs, Colorado.

Religion

Religion in Albuquerque^[79]

Unaffiliated(52.8%)

Catholic(26.5%)

Protestant(16.3%)

Mormon(2.1%)

Buddhism(1%)

Jewish(0.4%)

Islam(0.3%)

Orthodox(0.2%)

Hinduism(0.1%)

Other faiths (0.3%)

The majority of Albuquerque residents are Christian.^[80]Reflecting its long history as a Spanish city,Catholicismis the largest denomination; Catholics are served by theRoman Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe,whose administrative center is located in Albuquerque.^[81]Collectively, other Christian churches and organizations, such as theEastern Orthodox ChurchandOriental Orthodoxy,among others, make up the second largest group.Baptistsform the third largest Christian group, followed byLatter Day Saints,Pentecostals,Methodists,Presbyterians,LutheransandEpiscopalians.

Judaism is the second-largest non-Christian religion in Albuquerque;^[80]Congregation Albert,aReformsynagogue established in 1897, is the oldest extant Jewish organization in New Mexico.^[24]Islam is the next largest minority religion, with an estimated 3,000 to 5,000 adherents, representing 85% of the state's Muslim population.^[82]TheIslamic Center of New Mexicois the largestmosquein Albuquerque, hosting daily prayers and activities for both Muslims and non-Muslims.^[83]

The Albuquerque Sikh Gurudwara and Guru Nanak Gurdwara Albuquerque serve the city's Sikh population, while the main Hindu organizations are the Hindu Temple Society of New Mexico and Gayatri Temple.^[84]There are several Buddhist temples and centers throughout the city, representing different movements and schools, such asZenandSoka Gakki.^[85]

Homelessness

Like many major American cities, Albuquerque struggles with homelessness, which has become more visible since the 2000s. According to Rock at Noon Day, a homeless services center, there were an estimated 4,000 to 4,500 homeless people living in the Albuquerque metropolitan area in 2019, with millennials and elderly accounting for the fastest growing segments.^[86]Albuquerque Public Schoolsspokeswoman Monica Armenta said the number of homeless children enrolled in district schools (meaning children from families that have no permanent address) has consistently ranged from 3,200 to 3,500. The Coordinated Entry System, a centralized citywide system used to track and fill supportive housing openings when they become available, shows that about 5,000 households experienced homelessness in 2018.^[86]Homelessness is particularly concentrated around Downtown, and also in theInternational Districtoff Central Avenue, which suffers from chronicurban decayand drug use.^[87]

Arts and culture

Albuquerque hosts theInternational Balloon Fiesta,the world's largest gathering of hot-air balloons, taking place every October at Balloon Fiesta Park, with its 47-acre launch field.^[88]Another large venue is Expo New Mexico, where other annual events are held, such as North America's largestpow wowat theGathering of Nations,as well as theNew Mexico State Fair.Other major venues throughout the metropolitan area include theNational Hispanic Cultural Center,the University of New Mexico's Popejoy Hall,Santa Ana Star Center,andIsleta Amphitheater.Old Town Albuquerque's Plaza, Hotel, andSan Felipe de Neri Churchhosts traditional fiestas and events such as weddings, also near Old Town are theNew Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science,Albuquerque Museum of Art and History,Indian Pueblo Cultural Center,Explora,American International Rattlesnake Museum,andAlbuquerque Biological Park.Other notable museums in Albuquerque include theNational Museum of Nuclear Science & Historyand theAnderson-Abruzzo Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta Museumand more can be foundhere.Located inDowntown Albuquerqueare historic theaters such as theKiMo Theater,which is located across the street from theNew Mexico Holocaust & Intolerance Museum,and theAlbuquerque Little Theater.Near theCivic Plazais theAl HurricanePavilion andAlbuquerque Convention Centerwith its Kiva Auditorium. Due to its population size, the metropolitan area regularly receives most national and international music concerts,Broadway shows,and other large traveling events, as well asNew Mexico music,andother local music performances.

Sandia Peak Ski Area,adjacent to Albuquerque, provides both winter and summer recreation in theSandia Mountains.It featuresSandia Peak Tramway,the world's second-longest passenger aerial tramway, and the longest in the Americas. It stretches from the northeast edge of the city toSandia Peak,the summit of the ski resort, and has the world's third-longest single span. Elevation at the summit is roughly 10,300 ft (3,100 m) above sea level, or "ten-three".

Media and entertainment

Albuquerque is a hub forproduction studios,includingAlbuquerque Studios,which is one of the primary productions hubs forNetflix.Several major motion pictures and television shows have been filmed and produced in Albuquerque, including scenes fromWalt Disney PresentsElfego Baca,^[89]^[90]^[91]^[92]The Muppet Movie,theBreaking Badfranchise,^[93]^[94]^[95]^[96]^[97]The Avengers,^[98]^[99]A Million Ways to Die in the West,^[100]In Plain Sight,Speechless,Daybreak,Just Getting Started,andStranger Thingsseason 4.NBCUniversalalso has a sizable and expanding presence in the city, as do independentmultimedia franchisestudios.^[101]

Numerous works of fiction take place, either fully or in part, in the Albuquerque metropolitan area includingAlbuquerque(1948 Western),Bless Me, Ultima,The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly,Breaking Bad(along with its spin-offsBetter Call SaulandEl Camino), andHigh School Musical.^[102]The city is referenced inBilly Mize's 1967 albumLights of Albuquerque,Jim Glaser's 1986 song "The Lights of Albuquerque",Neil Young's song "Albuquerque",and"Weird" Al Yankovic's song "Albuquerque".The city is referenced in"Hungry, Hungry Homer",the 15th episode of thetwelfth seasonofThe Simpsons,which features Albuquerque as the location where the owners of the Springfield Isotopes baseball team wish to relocate; the episode inspired the name of the realAlbuquerque Isotopes Minor Leagueteam.^[103]ManyBugs Bunnycartoonshortsfeature Bugs traveling around the world by burrowing underground. Ending up in the wrong place, Bugs consults a map, complaining, "I knew I should have taken that left toin at Albakoykee (left turn at Albuquerque)." Failure to do so can somehow result in Bugs ending up thousands of miles off-course. (Bugs first uses that line in 1945'sHerr Meets Hare.)^[104]

The city is served by one major newspaper, theAlbuquerque Journal,which, along withAlbuquerque the Magazine,is distributed throughout theSouthwestern United Statesand catalogued by theLibrary of Congress.The Journalis New Mexico's most widely circulated newspaper, and used to compete withThe Albuquerque Tribuneuntil 2008; todayThe Journalcompetes withThe Santa Fe New MexicanandLas Cruces Sun-News.The Albuquerque metropolitan area itself has other local periodicals,Valencia County News-Bulletin,Rio RanchoObserver,CorralesComment,and the student newspapers ofThe LoboatUniversity of New MexicoandCNM ChronicleatCentral New Mexico Community College.

Albuquerque is also home to numerous radio and television stations that serve the metropolitan and outlying rural areas. Albuquerque is home to eighteen broadcast television stations, includingKOB,KRQE,KOAT-TV,andKLUZ-TV,although most households are served by directcablenetwork connections.Comcast Cablenearly has a monopoly on terrestrial cable service in the city, but not throughout the entire Albuquerque-Santa Femedia market,which is ranked as the 48th largest television market in the United States, Comcast shares the metropolitan market withCable One,Unite Private Networks, and various satellite and wireless providers.^[105]

Christian mediaoutlets in the city includeTrinity Broadcasting Networkwhich owns theKNAT-TVsignal, and independent Christian broadcasting exists onKAZQ.Each of the Albuquerque metropolitan area's megachurches have media presence with broadcasts of their sermons, those include Legacy, Calvary, and Sagebrush.Christian radiois found on FM and AM throughKLYT,KSVA,KDAZ,KFLQ,andKKIM.

Radio and music

One of the longest runningAM broadcastsin the United States is anABC News Radiostation calledKKOB (AM).^[106]The first officially licensedFM radiobroadcast in Albuquerque wasKANWwhich mostly broadcasts theNew Mexico musicgenre andNPRprogramming.^[107]^[108]

Performers such asAl Hurricane,Al Hurricane Jr,Lorenzo Antonio,andSparxpopularized New Mexico's Hispano and Native American folk genre by blending it withrockabilly,jazz,Western,Norteño,Latin pop,androck music.^[109]Then mayorRichard J. Berrynamed the center stage ofAlbuquerque Plazathe "Al Hurricane Pavilion".^[110]^[111]Regional folk and country music continues to be played on local radio, such as the New Mexico music genre specificKANW,as well asKNMMon Saturdays, country radio stationsKRST "92.1"andKBQI "The Big-I 107.9",along with KBQI'sclassic country"98.1 The Bull", and Regional Mexican radio onKLVO "Radio Lobo 97.7".

Other forms ofAmerican popular musicare represented onFM radio:contemporary hit radiois featured onKOBQ.During the 1990s, theurban contemporary musicradio format had two major stations, on"KISS 97.3" KKSSand"WILD 106" KDLW.^[112]Today, KISS 97.3 still exists, though WILD has changed to a variety of formats. In the 2000smodern rockstations focusing onalternative rock,nu metal,andadult contemporary musicbecame popular in the city, including the FM stationKPEK "100.3 The Peak".During this time,contemporary Christian musicgarnered success withKLYT,branded as M88 in its earlier days, due to the crossover ofChristian rockandChristian hip hopwith popular music.^[113]^[114]

Music groups based in Albuquerque includeA Hawk and A Hacksaw,Beirut,The Echoing Green,The Eyeliners,Hazeldine,Leiahdorus,Oliver Riot,Scared of Chaka,andThe Shins.

Talk radiohas several outlets in the Albuquerque area. Including a public radio station run by The University of New MexicoKUNM-FM,^[115]forconservative talk radiothere isKIVA"The Rock of Talk" owned by Eddy Aragon,^[116]andKKOBhas aCumulus Mediastation affiliated withABC News Radio.As forsports radiothere isKNML"The Sports Animal" andKQTM"The Team".

Food and agriculture

As a large and multicultural city, Albuquerque is home to a variety ofglobal cuisines,in addition to localNew Mexican cuisine.Many local restaurantsreceive statewide attention, with several becomingchains;the city hosts the headquarters ofBlake's Lotaburger,Little Anita's,Twisters,Dion's,Boba Tea Company,andSadie's,most of which offer New Mexican fare.

As the focus of theMiddle Rio Grande Conservancy District,the city is punctuated by agriculturalacequiasthat contrast with the otherwise heavily urban settings. Crops such asNew Mexico chileare grown along the entire Rio Grande; the red or green chile pepper is a staple of New Mexican cuisine and widely available in restaurants, including national fast-food chains. Likewise, the Albuquerque metro is a major contributor to theMiddle Rio Grande Valley AVA,whereNew Mexico wineis produced at several vineyards; the river also provides trade access to theMesilla Valleyto the south (containingLas Cruces, New MexicoandEl Paso, Texas), with itsown wine offerings,and the adjacentHatch Valley,which is well known for its New Mexico chile peppers. Albuquerque also has a burgeoningbrewery scene.

International Balloon Fiesta

The Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta takes place at Balloon Fiesta Park the first week of October. Although the global COVID-19 forced the cancellation of the 2020 event, The Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta successfully returned in 2021. It is one of Albuquerque's biggest attractions. Hundreds of hot-air balloons are seen every day, and there is live music, arts and crafts, and food.^[117]

Architecture

The original architecture ofLa Villa de Albuquerqueis referred to as theTerritorial Style,it was revitalized as theTerritorial Revival architecture.ArchitectJohn Gaw Meemis often credited with this revival.^{[citation needed]}

John Gaw Meem is also credited with developing and popularizing thePueblo Revivalstyle, which was based inSanta Febut received an important Albuquerque commission in 1933 as the architect of theUniversity of New Mexico.He retained this commission for the next quarter-century and developed the university's distinctive Southwest style.^[23]^: 317Meem also designed theCathedral Church of St. Johnin 1950.^[118]

Pueblo Deco architecturewas derived from Pueblo and Territorial styles meeting theArt Decomovement, and it is richly featured indowntown Albuquerque.Albuquerque boasts a unique nighttime cityscape, personified in the lights of Albuquerque, a common motif in art and song.^[119]^[120]^[121]The city lights twinkle and glitter from views on Nine Mile Hill, it was amongElvis Presley's favorite views.^[122]Route 66era neon signs, and LED style versions of the neon-style are common throughout the city. Many building exteriors are illuminated in vibrant colors such as green and blue. The Wells Fargo Building is illuminated green.^{[citation needed]}The DoubleTree Hotel changes colors nightly, and the Compass Bank building is illuminated blue. Therotundaof the county courthouse is illuminated yellow, while the tops of the Bank of Albuquerque and the Bank of the West are illuminated reddish-yellow. Due to the nature of the soil in the Rio Grande Valley, the skyline is lower than might be expected in a city of comparable size elsewhere, and it was used to highlight the low-lying architecture of heritage Pueblo and Hispano architectural styles.^{[citation needed]}

Albuquerque has expanded greatly in area since the mid-1940s. During those years of expansion, the planning of the newer areas has considered that people drive rather than walk. The pre-1940s parts of Albuquerque are quite different in style and scale from the post-1940s areas. The older areas include the North Valley, the South Valley, various neighborhoods near downtown, and Corrales. The newer areas generally feature four- to six-lane roads in a1 mile (1.61 km)grid. Each1 square mile (2.59 km²)is divided into four 160-acre (0.65 km²) neighborhoods by smaller roads set0.5 miles (0.8 km)between major roads. When driving along major roads in the newer sections of Albuquerque, one sees strip malls, signs, and cinderblock walls. The upside of this planning style is that neighborhoods are shielded from the worst of the noise and lights on the major roads.^{[citation needed]}

Libraries

TheAlbuquerque Bernalillo County Librarysystem consists of nineteen libraries to serve the city, including theMain Library,Special Collections branch (Old Main Library), andErnie Pyle branch,which is located in the former home of noted war correspondentErnie Pyle.^[123]The Old Main Library was the first library of Albuquerque and from 1901 until 1948 it was the only public library. The original library was donated to the state by Joshua and Sarah Raynolds. After suffering some fire damage in 1923 the city decided it was time to construct a building for the library to be moved to, however, by 1970 even after additions were made the population and library needs had outgrown the building for its use as a main library and it was turned into Special Collections. The Old Main Library was recognized as a landmark in September 1979. It was not until 1974 with the movement of the South Valley Library into a new building that the Bernalillo built and administered a public library. Not long after, in 1986, the Bernalillo and Albuquerque government decided that joint powers would work best to serve the needs of the community and created the Albuquerque/Bernalillo County Library System.^[124]

Parks and recreation

TheBosqueis a major outdoors area in the city, it has to numeroushikingandbikingtrails. TheSandia–Manzano MountainsandWest Mesaalso have many hiking trails, such asLa Luz TrailandPetroglyph National Monument.According to the Trust for Public Land, Albuquerque has 291 public parks as of 2017, most of which are administered by the city Parks and Recreation Department. The total amount of parkland is 42.9 square miles (111 km2), or about 23% of the city's total area—one of the highest percentages among large cities in the U.S. About 82% of city residents live within walking distance of a park.

TheAlbuquerque Biological Parkmanages theABQ BioPark Botanic Garden,ABQ BioPark Aquarium,Tingley Beach,andABQ BioPark Zoo.Amusement parks in the city includeCliff's Amusement Parkand Hinkle Family Fun Center;^[125]there was formerlyThe Beach waterpark,which became a vacant lot on Desert Surf Circle for several years, untilTopgolfmade adriving rangein the lot.^[126]

There are numerous golf courses in the city area; Arroyo Del Oso Golf Course, Isleta Eagle Golf Course,Ladera Golf Course,Los Altos Golf Course, Paa-Ko Ridge Golf Club, Paradise Hills Golf Course, Puerto del Sol Golf Course, Sandia Golf Club, Santa Ana Golf Club, Twin Warriors Golf Club, and University of New Mexico's Championship Golf Course.

Traditional arts

Albuquerque is home to over 300 other visual arts, music, dance, literary, film, ethnic, and craft organizations, museums, festivals and associations, and the state's capital Santa Fe is known for being a majorarts city.One of the major art events in the state is the summertime New Mexico Arts and Crafts Fair, a nonprofit show exclusively for New Mexico artists and held annually in Albuquerque since 1961.^[127]^[128]

Sports

TheAlbuquerque Isotopesare a minor league affiliate of theColorado Rockies,having derived their name fromThe Simpsonsseason 12 episode "Hungry, Hungry Homer",which involves theSpringfield Isotopesbaseball team considering relocating to Albuquerque.^[129]

On June 6, 2018, theUSL Championshipdivision announced its latest soccer expansion club withNew Mexico United,who play their home matches atRio Grande Credit Union Field at Isotopes Park.

Having been home tobo xingmainstaysBrenda Burnside,Bob Foster,andJohnny Tapia,Albuquerque later became home to Jackson WinkMMAgym.^[130]Several MMA world champions and fighters, includingHolly HolmandJon Jones,train in that facility.^[131]^[132]ThePGA of Americaoffers Albuquerque golf tournaments with Sun Country Golf House, including theSun Country PGA Championshipand theNew Mexico Openwhich have been hosted in the metropolitan area several times.^[133]Roller sports are finding a home in Albuquerque as they hosted USARS Championships in 2015,^[134]and are home to Roller hockey,^[135]and Roller Derby teams.^[136]

While no longer operating in an official capacity, the defunctAlbuquerque Dukesminor league baseball team still has a major following, and theMajor League Baseballorganization is aware of the team's continued popularity.^[137]The Isotopes sometimes hold a Dukes Retro Night where they wear Dukes uniforms,^[138]and The Duke mascot continues to be an icon of the city.^[137]^[139]

Team	Sport	League	Venue	capacity
Albuquerque Isotopes	Baseball	Pacific Coast League	Rio Grande Credit Union Field at Isotopes Park	13,279
New Mexico United	Soccer	USL Championship	Rio Grande Credit Union Field at Isotopes Park	13,279
Albuquerque Sol	Soccer	USL League Two	Ben Rios Field	1,500
Duke City Gladiators	Indoor Football	Indoor Football League	Rio Rancho Events Center	6,000
New Mexico Lobos	NCAA Division I FBS Football	Mountain West Conference	University Stadium	42,000
New Mexico Lobos (menandwomen)	NCAA Division I Basketball	Mountain West Conference	The Pit	15,411
Duke City Roller Derby	Roller Derby		Wells Park Community Center
New Mexico Ice Wolves	Ice hockey	NAHL	Outpost Ice Arenas

Government and politics

Albuquerque registered voters as of July 2016^[140]
Party		Number of Voters	Percentage
	Democratic	123,594	40.03%
	Republican	104,662	34.13%
	Unaffiliatedandthird party	78,404	25.57%

Albuquerque is acharter city,exercisinghome ruleas opposed to being directlygoverned by state law.^[141]^[142]Its charter was adopted in 1917 and has been amended several times, most notably in 1974, when the municipal government was changed from acommission-manager systemto its currentmayor–councilsystem. Under this arrangement, power is divided between a mayor who serves as chief executive,^[141]^: Vand a nine-member council that holds legislative authority.^[141]^: IVThe current mayor isTim Keller,who was elected in 2017.

Themayor of Albuquerqueholds a full-time paid position and is directly elected for four-year terms.^[143]Members of theAlbuquerque City Councilserve part-time, paid positions and are elected from their nine respective districts for four-year terms, with four or five councilors elected every two years.^[144]Elections for mayor and councilor arenonpartisan.^[141]^: IV.4^[142]Each December, a new council president and vice-president are chosen by and among council members.^[143]

The city council has the power to adopt all ordinances, resolutions, or other legislation.^[144]It meets twice a month in the Vincent E. Griego Council Chambers of the Albuquerque/Bernalillo County Government Center.^[145]Ordinances and resolutions passed by the council are presented to the mayor for his approval; if the mayor vetoes an item, the council can override the veto by a two-thirds vote of councilors.^[141]^: XI.3Each year, the mayor submits a city budget proposal for the next year to the council by April 1, and the council acts on the proposal within the next 60 days.^[141]^: VII

Albuquerque's judicial system consists of theBernalillo County Metropolitan Court,which serves other municipalities and unincorporated areas in the county; the mainMetropolitan Courthouseis located in downtown Judges serve in nineteen divisions and are subject to partisan elections by county voters every four years.

TheAlbuquerque Police Department(APD) is the chief law enforcement entity within city limits; the unincorporated area ofBernalillo Countyis policed primarily by the Bernalillo County Sheriff's Department. With approximately 1,000 sworn officers, APD is the largest municipal police department inNew Mexico;in September 2008, it was the 49th largest police department in the country, according to theU.S. Department of Justice.^[146]

Albuquerque serves as thecounty seatofBernalillo County.^[147]The City of Albuquerque and Bernalillo County share somesocial services,and have created a joint city-county commission called the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Government Commission (ABCGC).^[148]In 1986, the City of Albuquerque and Bernalillo County governments entered the joint powers agreement that created theAlbuquerque/Bernalillo County Library System.^[149]TheBernalillo County Metropolitan Detention Centeropened in 2003 and was jointly managed by the City of Albuquerque and Bernalillo County until 2006, and fully managed by Bernalillo County from 2006 to present.^[150]

Economy

Albuquerque is New Mexico's leading economic center, accounting for half the state's economic activity.^[151]The city's economy is highly diversified, centering on science, medicine, technology, commerce, education, media entertainment, and culture (particularly fine arts); construction, film production, and retail trade have seen the most robust growth since 2020.^[152]

Albuquerque is the center of the New Mexico Technology Corridor, a concentration of institutions engaged inscientific research and development,which in turn forms part of the larger Rio Grande Technology Corridor that that stretches from southern Colorado to southwestern Texas.^[153]Major nodes within the corridor include federal installations such asKirtland Air Force Base,Los Alamos National Laboratory,andSandia National Laboratories;private healthcare facilities such asLovelace Respiratory Research InstituteandPresbyterian Health Services;academic institutions such as theUniversity of New MexicoandCentral New Mexico Community College;and private companies such asIntel(which has afabrication sitein neighboringRio Rancho),Facebook(with a data center inLos Lunas),Northrop Grumman,passive solar energycompanyZomeworks,andTempur-Pedic.The city was also the founding location ofMITSandMicrosoft.

Beginning with theManhattan Projectin the 1940s,federal labssuch as Los Alamos,Sandia,andLawrence Livermore National Laboratoryhave cooperated on multidisciplinary research in the region; contractors for these facilities bring highly educated workers and researchers to an otherwise relatively isolated area, many of whom establish or work with local tech companies. The federal government spends roughly $4 billion annually in research and development in and around Albuquerque. Pursuant to theCHIPS and Science Act—federal legislation aimed at expanding domestic semiconductor manufacturing, research and development of new technology, and workforce training—the U.S. Department of Energy announced plans to construct a new 100,000-square-foottechnology incubatorfor companies, academia, and national laboratories, as well as a new platform for facilitating the development of tech startups among minority communities.^[154]

The governments of Albuquerque and New Mexico have sought to attract more private investment into technology startups.^[155]Thebioscience sectorhas experienced particularly robust growth, beginning with the 2013 opening of a BioScience Center in Uptown Albuquerque, which was the state's first private incubator for biotechnology startups; since then, New Mexico-based scientists have formed roughly 150 bioscience startups, many of which are based in the Albuquerque metropolitan area.^[156]In 2017, the state-funded Bioscience Authority was established to help promote local industry development, particularly through public-private partnerships; the following year, pharmaceutical company Curia built two large facilities in Albuquerque, and in fall 2022 broke ground on a $100 million expansion of its local operations.^[156]

Film studioshave a major presence throughout New Mexico;Netflixmaintains a major production hub atAlbuquerque Studios.There are numerous shopping centers and malls within the city, includingABQ Uptown,Coronado,Cottonwood,Nob Hill,andWinrock.Outside city limits but surrounded by the city is ahorse racingtrack andcasinocalled The Downs Casino and Racetrack, and thepueblossurrounding the city featureresortcasinos, includingSandia Resort,Santa Ana Star,IsletaResort, andLaguna Pueblo's Route 66 Resort.

Largest employers in Albuquerque
1	Kirtland Air Force Base
2	University of New Mexico
3	Sandia National Laboratories
4	Albuquerque Public Schools
5	Presbyterian Healthcare Services
6	City of Albuquerque(Government)
7	Lovelace–Sandia Health System
8	Presbyterian Medical Services
9	Intel Corporation
10	State of New Mexico(Government)
11	Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.

Education

Albuquerque is home to theUniversity of New Mexico,the largest university in the state and the flagship of the state public university system.Central New Mexico Community Collegeis a county-funded junior college serving new high school graduates and adults returning to school.

Albuquerque hosts several programs and nonprofit schools of higher learning, includingSouthwest University of Visual Arts,Trinity Southwest University,theUniversity of St. FrancisCollege of Nursing and Allied Health Department of Physician Assistant Studies, and theSt. Norbert CollegeMaster of Theological Studies program.^[157]Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute(SIPI) is in anunincorporated areaadjacent to Albuquerque.^[158]The Ayurvedic Institute, one of the firstAyurvedacolleges specializing inAyurvedicmedicine outside India, was established in 1984. Other state and nonprofit institutions of higher learning have moved some programs into Albuquerque; these includeNew Mexico State University,Highlands University,Lewis University,Wayland Baptist University,andWebster University.Several for-profit technical schools includingBrookline College,Pima Medical Institute,National American University,Grand Canyon University,theUniversity of Phoenixand several barber/beauty colleges have established their presence in the area.

Albuquerque Public Schools(APS) is theschool districtcovering all of Albuquerque.^[159]Schools within APS include both public and charter entities. Numerous accredited private preparatory schools also serve Albuquerque students. These include various pre-high school religious (Christian, Jewish, Islamic) affiliates and Montessori schools, as well asMenaul School,Albuquerque Academy,St. Pius X High School,Sandia Preparatory School,theBosque School,Evangel Christian Academy, Hope Christian School, Hope Connection School, Shepherd Lutheran School,^[160]Temple Baptist Academy, and Victory Christian. Accredited private schools serving students with special education needs in Albuquerque include: Desert Hills, Pathways Academy, and Presbyterian Ear Institute Oral School. TheNew Mexico School for the Deafruns a preschool for children with hearing impairments in Albuquerque.^[161]

Infrastructure

Since the city's founding, it has continued to be included on travel and trade routes including the historicEl Camino Real,Santa Fe Railway (ATSF),Route 66,and the modernInterstate 25,Interstate 40,New Mexico State Road 45,andAlbuquerque International Sunport.^[162]^[163]Albuquerque is the second largestcityin theUnited States(afterPhoenix) to have at least two Interstate Highways, but nothree-digit Interstates.

Transportation

Main highways

Some of the main highways in the metro area include:

Pan-American Freeway:^[164]^: 248More commonly known asInterstate 25or "I-25", it is the main north–south highway on the city's eastern side of theRio Grande.It is also the main north–south highway in the state (by connecting Albuquerque withSanta FeandLas Cruces) and a plausible route of the eponymousPan American Highway.SinceRoute 66was decommissioned in the 1980s, the only remaining US highway in Albuquerque, unsignedUS-85,shares its alignment with I-25.US-550splits off to the northwest from I-25/US-85 inBernalillo.
Coronado Freeway:^[164]^: 248More commonly known asInterstate 40or "I-40", it is the city's main east–west traffic artery and an important transcontinental route. The freeway's name in the city is in reference to 16th centuryconquistadorand explorerFrancisco Vásquez de Coronado.
Paseo del Norte:(aka; New Mexico State Highway 423): This 6-lanecontrolled-access highwayis approximately five miles north of Interstate 40. It runs as a surface road with at-grade intersections from Tramway Blvd (at the base of the Sandia Mountains) to Interstate 25, after which it continues as a controlled-access freeway through Los Ranchos de Albuquerque, over the Rio Grande to North Coors Boulevard. Paseo Del Norte then continues west as a surface road through the Petroglyph National Monument until it reaches Atrisco Vista Blvd and the Double Eagle II Airport. The interchange with Interstate 25 was reconstructed in 2014 to improve traffic flow.^[165]
Coors Boulevard:Coors is the main north–south artery to the west of the Rio Grande in Albuquerque. There is one fullinterchangewhere it connects with Interstate 40; The rest of the route connects to other roads with at-grade intersections controlled bystoplights.The Interstate 25 underpass has no access to Coors. Parts of the highway havesidewalks,bike lanes,andmedians,but most sections have only dirt shoulders and a center turn lane. To the north of Interstate 40, part of the route is numbered asState Highway 448,while to the south, part of the route is numbered asState Highway 45.
Rio Bravo Boulevard:The main river crossing between Westside Albuquerque and theSunport,Rio Bravo is a four-lanedivided highwaythat runs from University Boulevard in the east, through the South Valley, to Coors Boulevard in the west where it is contiguous with Dennis Chaves Blvd. It followsNM-500for its entire route.
Central Avenue:Central is one of the historical routings ofRoute 66,it is no longer a main through highway, its usefulness having been supplanted by Interstate 40.^[164]^: 248
Alameda Boulevard:The main road between Rio Rancho and North Albuquerque, Alameda Blvd. stretches from Tramway Rd. to Coors. Blvd. The route is designated as the eastern portion ofNM-528.
Tramway Boulevard:Serves as a bypass around the northeastern quadrant, the route is designated asNM-556.Tramway Boulevard starts at I-25 near Sandia Pueblo, and heads east as a two-lane road. It turns south near the base of theSandia Peak Tramwayand becomes an expressway-type divided highway until its terminus near I-40 and Central Avenue by the western entrance toTijeras Canyon.

Theinterchangebetween I-40 and I-25 is known as the "Big I".^[164]^: 248Originally built in 1966, it was rebuilt in 2002. The Big I is the onlyfive-level stack interchangein the state of New Mexico.

Bridges

There are six road bridges that cross theRio Grandeand serve the municipality on at least one end if not both. The eastern approaches of the northernmost three all pass through adjacent unincorporated areas, the Village ofLos Ranchos de Albuquerque,or theNorth Valley.In downstream order they are:

Alameda Bridge
Paseo del Norte Bridge
Montaño Bridge
I-40 Bridge
Central at Old Town Bridge
Barelas Bridge

Two more bridges serveurbanized areascontiguous to the city's perforated southern boundary.

Rio Bravo Bridge(NM-500)
I-25 Bridge(nearIsleta Pueblo)

Rail

The state owns most of the city's rail infrastructure which is used by a commuter rail system, long-distance passenger trains, and the freight trains of theBNSF Railway.

Freight service

BNSF Railwayoperates a small yard operation out of Abajo yard, located just south of the César E. Chávez Ave. overpass and theNew Mexico Rail Runner Expressyards. Most freight traffic through the Central New Mexico region is processed via a much larger hub in nearbyBelen, New Mexico.

Intercity rail

Amtrak'sSouthwest Chief,which travels between Chicago and Los Angeles, serves the Albuquerque area daily with one stop in each direction at theAlvarado Transportation Centerin downtown.

Intercity Bus Services

Greyhound LinesandFlixBusoffer intercity transportation services to theAlbuquerque Metro Areaas well as transportation to other cities around the United States.

Commuter rail

TheNew Mexico Rail Runner Express,acommuter railline, began service betweenSandoval Countyand Albuquerque in July 2006 using an existingBNSFright-of-way which was purchased by New Mexico in 2005. Service expanded toValencia Countyin December 2006 and toSanta Feon December 17, 2008. Rail Runner now connectsSanta Fe,Sandoval,Bernalillo,and Valencia Counties with thirteen station stops, including three stops within Albuquerque.^[166] The trains connect Albuquerque to downtown Santa Fe with eight roundtrips per weekday. The section of the line running south toBelenis served less frequently.^[167]

Local mass transit

The primary mass transit system isABQ RIDE,which operates a variety of bus routes throughout the city, including theAlbuquerque Rapid Transit (ART)express bus service. The central nexus for public transportation is the Alvarado Transportation System, which connects ABQ RIDE toAmtrak,Greyhound Lines,and theNew Mexico Rail Runner Express commuter rail.

ARTlogo

In 2011, the City of Albuquerque commissioned a study to develop abus rapid transitsystem through the Central Avenue corridor, which accounted for 44% of all bus riders in ABQ RIDE.^[168]Construction began in 2017 onAlbuquerque Rapid Transit(ART), including dedicated bus lanes between Coors and Louisiana Boulevards.^[169]ART opened for service in November 2019 and was free to use until January 1, 2020.^[170]

Albuquerque was one of two cities in New Mexico to have had an electric street railway; its horse-drawn streetcar lines were electrified in the early 20th century. The Albuquerque Traction Company assumed operation of the system in 1905, and it grew to its maximum length of 6 miles (9.7 km) over the next ten years, connecting destinations such asOld Townto the west and theUniversity of New Mexicoto the east with the town's urban center near the formerAtchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railwaydepot. The Albuquerque Traction Company failed financially in 1915 and the City Electric Company was formed in its place. Despite traffic booms during the First World War, and unaided by lawsuits attempting to force the streetcar company to pay for paving, that system also failed later in 1927, leaving thestreetcar's "motorettes" unemployed.^[171]^{: 177–181}

In 2006, under MayorMartin Chavez,Albuquerque planned a "fast track" development of a "Modern Streetcar" project, which would run mostly in the southeast quadrant on Central Avenue and Yale Boulevard. Funding for the $270 million system failed amid vocal opposition from some residents.^[172]

Bicycle transit

Albuquerque has a well-developed network of trails, bicycle routes, and paths totaling over 400 miles.^[173]A 2021 study by Walk Score ranked it 26th out of 130 U.S. cities in bike friendliness, based on indicators such infrastructure, terrain, and connectivity.^[174]In 2009, Albuquerque opened its first Bicycle Boulevard on Silver Avenue.^[175]In 2015, the city adopted the "Bikeway & Trails Facility Plan" to invest in its bicycle infrastructure, including improving and expanding the existing system, adding new routes, and establishing bike sharing programs.^[176]

Walkability

A 2011 study byWalk Scoreranked Albuquerque as the 28th most walkable of the fifty largest U.S. cities, indicating below average performance in metrics such as access to public transit and proximity to people or amenities.^[177]A follow-up study a decade later ranked the city 73rd out of 130 cities nationwide, with a walkability score of 42.6 compared to an average of 48, classifying it as "car-dependent".^[178]

Airports

Albuquerque is served primarily by theAlbuquerque International Sunport,located 3 mi (4.8 km) southeast of the city's central business district. It is the largest airport in New Mexico, and the state's sole international airport, serving over 5 million passengers annually.^[179]The city owns and operates the much smallerDouble Eagle II Airport,which is primarily used forair ambulances,corporate flights, military flights,charter flights,aviation training, and private flights.^[180]

Utilities

Energy

PNM Resources,New Mexico's largest electricity provider, is based in Albuquerque. They serve about 487,000 electricity customers statewide. In September 2021, PNM entered final merger talks withAvangrid,the U.S. subsidiary of Spanish power giantIberdrola.New Mexico Gas Company provides natural gas services to more than 500,000 customers in the state, including the Albuquerque metro area.

Sanitation

The Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority is responsible for the delivery ofdrinking waterand the treatment ofwastewater.Trash and recycling in the city are managed by the City of Albuquerque Solid Waste Management Department.

South Side Water Reclamation Plant.

Healthcare

Albuquerque is the medical hub of New Mexico, hosting numerous medical centers. TheUniversity of New Mexico Hospitalis the largest hospital in New Mexico with 628 licensed beds and is the primary teaching hospital for theUniversity of New Mexico School of Medicine,the state's only medical school. It provides the state's only residency training programs, children's hospital, burn center, and level I pediatric and adult trauma centers, as well as a certified advanced primary stroke center and the largest collection of adult and pediatric specialty and subspecialty programs in the state. Albuquerque's other largest hospitals are Presbyterian Hospital (Presbyterian Healthcare Services) with 543 licensed beds, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center (Veterans Health Administration) with 298 beds, and Lovelace Medical Center (Lovelace Health System) with 263 beds.^[181]Smaller specialty hospitals include the Heart Hospital of New Mexico and Lovelace Women's Hospital.

Notable people

Sister cities

Albuquerque has 11sister cities,as designated bySister Cities International:^[182]

Alburquerque,Spain
Ashgabat,Turkmenistan
Chihuahua,Mexico
Guadalajara,Mexico
Helmstedt,Germany
Hualien,Taiwan
Lanzhou,China
Lusaka,Zambia
Rehovot,Israel
Sasebo,Japan
Kharkiv,Ukraine

Explanatory notes

^Spanish alsoAlburquerque[alβuɾˈkeɾke].Navajo:Beeʼeldííl Dahsinil[peː˩ʔe˩ltiː˥lta˩hsi˩ni˩l];Eastern Keres:Arawageeki;Jemez:Vakêêke;Zuni:Alo:ke:k'ya;Jicarilla Apache:Gołgéeki'yé.
^Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
^Official records for Albuquerque kept December 1891 to January 22, 1933, at the Weather Bureau Office and at Albuquerque Int'l since January 23, 1933. For more information, see Threadex

References

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^^a ^bU.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Albuquerque, New Mexico
^^a ^b"Census Population API".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedOctober 12,2022.
^^a ^b"2020 Population and Housing State Data".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedAugust 23,2021.
^"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Albuquerque city, New Mexico".Census Bureau QuickFacts.Archivedfrom the original on September 15, 2018.RetrievedSeptember 15,2018.
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External links

Official website
1905 Magazine Article with historical photos
Albuquerque, New MexicoatCurlie
"Albuquerque, New Mexico".C-SPANCities Tour. March 2013.

[5] Spanish alsoAlburquerque[alβuɾˈkeɾke]^ⓘ.Navajo:Beeʼeldííl Dahsinil[peː˩ʔe˩ltiː˥lta˩hsi˩ni˩l];Eastern Keres:Arawageeki;Jemez:Vakêêke;Zuni:Alo:ke:k'ya;Jicarilla Apache:Gołgéeki'yé.

[53] Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.

[54] Official records for Albuquerque kept December 1891 to January 22, 1933, at the Weather Bureau Office and at Albuquerque Int'l since January 23, 1933. For more information, see Threadex

[TigerWebMapServer-1] "ArcGIS REST Services Directory".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedOctober 12,2022.

[gnis-2] U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Albuquerque, New Mexico

[USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly-3] "Census Population API".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedOctober 12,2022.

[2020Pop-4] "2020 Population and Housing State Data".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedAugust 23,2021.

[6] "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Albuquerque city, New Mexico".Census Bureau QuickFacts.Archivedfrom the original on September 15, 2018.RetrievedSeptember 15,2018.

[Isolated_Traveller_2021-7] "30 Interesting Facts About Albuquerque".Isolated Traveller.October 6, 2021.RetrievedMay 17,2022.

[QuickFacts-8] "QuickFacts: Albuquerque city, New Mexico".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedAugust 24,2021.

[TIGERweb_Redirect_2020-9] "Combined Statistical Areas - 2020 Census - Data as of January 1, 2020".TIGERweb Redirect.January 1, 2020.RetrievedMay 17,2022.

[Shankland_2021-10] Shankland, Stephen (May 3, 2021)."Intel investing $3.5B in New Mexico fab upgrade, boosting US chipmaking".CNET.RetrievedMay 17,2022.

[ABQ_Film_Office_2010-11] "Making Movies in the 505".ABQ Film Office.January 1, 2010.RetrievedMay 17,2022.

[City_of_Albuquerque_Historic_Landmarks-12] "Historic Landmarks".City of Albuquerque.March 14, 2022.RetrievedMay 17,2022.

[Food_Com_2018-13] "An Albuquerque Appetite: Where to Eat in New Mexico's Biggest City".Food Com.May 24, 2018.RetrievedMay 17,2022.

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v t e StateofNew Mexico
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Regions	Apachian zone Central New Mexico Chicoma Mountain Chihuahuan Desert Colorado Plateau Eastern New Mexico Llano Estacado Manzano Mountains Mogollon Plateau Northern New Mexico Permian Basin Rio Grande Rocky Mountains San Juan Basin San Luis Valley Sandia Mountains Shortgrass prairie Sangre de Cristo Mountains Wheeler Peak(highest point) Southwestern New Mexico
Cities	Alamogordo Albuquerque(Metropolitan Area) Aztec Artesia Bloomfield Carlsbad Clovis Corrales Deming Española Farmington Gallup Grants Hobbs Kirtland Las Cruces Las Vegas Los Alamos Los Lunas Lovington Portales Raton Rio Rancho Roswell Ruidoso Santa Fe Silver City Socorro Sunland Park Taos Tucumcari
Counties	See:List of counties in New Mexico Bernalillo Catron Chaves Cibola Colfax Curry De Baca Doña Ana Eddy Grant Guadalupe Harding Hidalgo Lea Lincoln Los Alamos Luna McKinley Mora Otero Quay Rio Arriba Roosevelt San Juan San Miguel Sandoval Santa Fe Sierra Socorro Taos Torrance Union Valencia
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v t e Municipalities and communities ofBernalillo County, New Mexico,United States
County seat:Albuquerque
Cities	Albuquerque Rio Rancho‡	Map of New Mexico highlighting Bernalillo County
Town	Edgewood‡
Villages	Los Ranchos de Albuquerque Tijeras
CDPs	Barton‡ Carnuel Cedar Crest Cedro Chilili Edith Enclave Isleta Kirtland AFB Manzano Springs‡ North Valley Paa-Ko Pajarito Mesa Paradise Hills Ponderosa Pine San Antonito Sandia Heights Sandia Knolls Sandia Park Sedillo South Valley
Other communities	Alameda Cañoncito Isleta Pueblo Zuzax
Indian reservations	Isleta Pueblo Laguna Pueblo‡ Navajo Nation‡ Sandia Pueblo‡
Footnotes	‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
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