Alderfly
(Redirected fromAlderflies)
| Alderfly Temporal range:
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| AdultSialis lutaria | |
Scientific classification
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Megaloptera |
| Family: | Sialidae Leach,1815 |
| Subfamilies | |
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See text | |
Alderfliesaremegalopteraninsectsof thefamilySialidae.They are closely related to thedobsonfliesandfishfliesas well as to theprehistoricEuchauliodidae.All living alderflies – about 66speciesall together[1]– are part of thesubfamilySialinae,which contains nine extantgenera.[2]
Description
[edit]Sialinae have a body length of less than 25 mm (1 inch), long filamentousantennae,and four large darkwingsof which theanteriorpair is slightly longer than the posterior. They lackocelliand their fourthtarsalsegment is dilated and deeply bilobed. Dead alderfly larvae are used as bait in fishing.[3]
Life cycle
[edit]The females lay a vast number of eggs on grass stems near water. When the larvae are born they drop into the water or the ground nearby it and make their way into their new aquatic biome. Thelarvaeare aquatic, active, armed with strong sharp mandibles, and breathe by means of seven pairs of abdominalbranchialfilaments. When full sized, which takes between one and two years, they leave the water and spend a quiescentpupalstage on the land beforemetamorphosisinto the sexually mature insect. Adult alderflies stay near to the water in which they had lived when they were younger. Once in their adult stage, they tend to live only 2 to 3 weeks, which they spend mainly in reproducing.
Classification
[edit]In addition to the nine living genera,[2]there are several genera offossilalderflies.[4]
FamilySialidae
- Genus †DobbertiniaHandlirsch 1920Green Series,Germany, Early Jurassic (Toarcian)
- Subfamily †SharasialinaeLiu, Hayashi & D.Yang, 2015
- Genus †SharasialisPonomarenko 2012Shar-Teeg,Mongolia, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
- SubfamilySialinaeLeach in Brewster, 1815
- GenusAustrosialisTillyard, [1919]
- SpeciesAustrosialis ignicollisTillyard, [1919]
- SpeciesAustrosialis maxmouldsiTheischinger, 1983
- GenusCaribesialisArdila-Camacho, Martins & Contreras-Ramos, 2021
- SpeciesCaribesialis bifasciata(Hagen, 1861)
- Genus †DobbertiniaHandlirsch in Schröder, 1920
- Species †Dobbertinia reticulataHandlirsch in Schröder, 1920
- Genus †EosialisNel, Menier, De Ploëg, Hodebert & Danvin, 2002
- Species †Eosialis dorisiNel et al., 2002
- GenusHaplosialisNavás, 1927
- SpeciesHaplosialis madegassaNavás, 1927
- SpeciesHaplosialis afraNavás, (1936)
- Genus †HaplosialodesHuang, Azar, Engel, Cai, Garrouste & Nel, 2016
- Species †Haplosialodes liuiHuang, Azar, Engel, Cai, Garrouste & Nel, 2016
- GenusIlyobiusEnderlein, 1910
- Species †Ilyobius balticus(Wichard, 1997)
- SpeciesIlyobius bimaculataBanks, 1920
- Species †Ilyobius cascus(Engel & Grimaldi, 2007)
- SpeciesIlyobius chilensis(McLachlan, (1871)
- SpeciesIlyobius curvatusLiu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2015b
- SpeciesIlyobius flammatusPenny, (1981)
- SpeciesIlyobius flavicollis(Enderlein, 1910)
- SpeciesIlyobius hauseriContreras-Ramos, Fiorentin & Urakami, (2005)
- Species †Ilyobius herrlingiWichard, 2002
- SpeciesIlyobius mexicana(Banks, 1901)
- SpeciesIlyobius nigrocephalusArdila-Camacho, Martins & Contreras-Ramos in Ardila-Camacho et al., 2021
- SpeciesIlyobius nubilaNavás, 1933b
- SpeciesIlyobius ranchograndisContreras-Ramos, 2006b
- GenusIndosialisLestage, 1927
- SpeciesIndosialis bannaensisX.-y. Liu et al., 2006
- SpeciesIndosialis beskonakensisNel, 1988
- SpeciesIndosialis indicaX.-y. Liu et al., 2008
- SpeciesIndosialis minora(Banks, 1920)
- GenusLeptosialisEsben-Petersen, 1920
- SpeciesLeptosialis africanaEsben-Petersen,1920
- Genus †ProindosialisNel, 1988
- Species †Proindosialis cantalensisNel, 1988
- GenusProtosialisvan der Weele, 1909
- SpeciesProtosialis americana(Rambur, 1842)
- SpeciesProtosialis australiensis(Tillyard, [1919)
- SpeciesProtosialis australisNavás, 1927
- SpeciesProtosialis brasiliensisNavás, 1936
- SpeciesProtosialis minoraBanks, 1920
- Species †Protosialis voigti(Wichard & Engel, 2006)
- GenusSialisLatreille, 1802
- Species Approximately 90
- SpeciesSialis abchasicaVshivkova, 1985
- SpeciesSialis aequalisBanks, 1920
- SpeciesSialis americana(Rambur, 1842)
- SpeciesSialis annaeVshivkova, 1979
- SpeciesSialis arvalisRoss, 1937
- SpeciesSialis atraNavás, (1928)
- SpeciesSialis bifidaHayashi & Suda, 1997
- SpeciesSialis bilineataSay, 1823
- SpeciesSialis bilobataWhiting, 1991
- SpeciesSialis californicaBanks, 1920
- SpeciesSialis chilensisMcLachlan, (1871)
- SpeciesSialis concavaBanks, 1897
- SpeciesSialis contiguaFlint, 1964
- SpeciesSialis cornutaRoss, 1937
- SpeciesSialis didymaNavás, 1916
- SpeciesSialis dorochovaeVshivkova, 1985
- SpeciesSialis dorsataSay, 1823
- SpeciesSialis dreisbachiFlint, 1964
- SpeciesSialis elegansX.-y. Liu & D. Yang, 2006
- SpeciesSialis flavicollisEnderlein, 1910
- SpeciesSialis formosanaEsben-Petersen, 1913
- SpeciesSialis frequensOkamoto, 1905
- SpeciesSialis fuliginosaF. Pictet, 1836
- SpeciesSialis fumosaNavás, 1915
- SpeciesSialis glabellaRoss, 1937
- SpeciesSialis gonzaleziVshivkova, 1985
- Species †Sialis groehniWichard, 1997
- SpeciesSialis hamataRoss, 1937
- SpeciesSialis hastaRoss, 1937
- SpeciesSialis henanensisX.-y. Liu & D. Yang, 2006
- SpeciesSialis imbecillaSay, 1823
- SpeciesSialis immarginataSay, 1823
- SpeciesSialis infumataNewman, 1838
- SpeciesSialis iolaRoss, 1937
- SpeciesSialis itascaRoss, 1937
- SpeciesSialis japonicavan der Weele, 1909
- SpeciesSialis gian fengensisD. Yang et al., 2002
- SpeciesSialis joppaRoss, 1937
- SpeciesSialis klingstedtiVshivkova, 1985
- SpeciesSialis kunmingensisX.-y. Liu & D. Yang, 2006
- SpeciesSialis levanidovaeVshivkova, 1980
- SpeciesSialis longidensKlingstedt, (1932)
- SpeciesSialis lutaria(Linnaeus, 1758)
- SpeciesSialis martynovaeVshivkova, 1980
- SpeciesSialis melaniaNakahara, 1915
- SubspeciesSialis melania kyushuensisHayashi & Suda, 1995
- SubspeciesSialis melania melaniaNakahara, 1915
- SubspeciesSialis melania tohokuensisHayashi & Suda, 1995
- SubspeciesSialis melania toyamaensisHayashi & Suda, 1995
- SpeciesSialis mohriRoss, 1937
- SpeciesSialis morioKlingstedt, (1933)
- SpeciesSialis morrisoniK. Davis, 1903
- SpeciesSialis muratensisNel, 1988
- SpeciesSialis nevadensisK. Davis, 1903
- SpeciesSialis nigripesE. Pictet, 1865
- SpeciesSialis ninaTownsend, 1939
- SpeciesSialis occidensRoss, 1937
- SpeciesSialis rotundaBanks, 1920
- SpeciesSialis sibiricaMcLachlan, 1872
- SpeciesSialis sinensisBanks, (1940)
- SpeciesSialis sordidaKlingstedt, (1933)
- SpeciesSialis spangleriFlint, 1964
- SpeciesSialis strausiIllies, 1967
- SpeciesSialis vagansRoss, 1937
- SpeciesSialis vanderweeleiU. Aspöck & H. Aspöck, 1983
- SpeciesSialis velataRoss, 1937
- SpeciesSialis versicolorisX.-y. Liu & D. Yang, 2006
- SpeciesSialis yamatoensisHayashi & Suda, 1995
- SpeciesSialis zhiltzovaeVshivkova, 1985
- GenusStenosialisTillyard, (1919)
- SpeciesStenosialis australiensisTillyard, (1919)
- SpeciesStenosialis hollowayiTheischinger, 1983
- GenusAustrosialisTillyard, [1919]
Sialis lutariais the commonest alderfly in theUnited Kingdom[5]and across much of Europe.
References
[edit]- ^Engel, M.S.; Grimaldi D.A. (2007)."The neuropterid fauna of Dominican and Mexican amber (Neuropterida, Megaloptera, Neuroptera)".American Museum Novitates(3587): 1–58.doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3587[1:TNFODA]2.0.CO;2.hdl:2246/5880.
- ^abMartins, Caleb C.; Ardila-Camacho, Adrian; Rivera-Gasperín, Sara Lariza; Oswald, John D.; Liu, Xingyue; Contreras-Ramos, Atilano (2022-04-08)."A world checklist of extant and extinct species of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida)".European Journal of Taxonomy.812:1–93.doi:10.5852/ejt.2022.812.1727.ISSN2118-9773.
- ^fly fishing entomology alderfy entry
- ^Liu, Xingyue; Hayashi, Fumio; Yang, Ding (2014-02-07)."Phylogeny of the family Sialidae (Insecta: Megaloptera) inferred from morphological data, with implications for generic classification and historical biogeography".Cladistics.31(1): 18–49.doi:10.1111/cla.12071.ISSN0748-3007.
- ^Arkive(2006):Alderfly -Sialis lutaria.Retrieved 28 June 2006.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toSialidae.
Look upalderflyin Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
