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Ali Sadikin

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In thisIndonesian name,there is nofamily namenor apatronymic,and the person should be referred to by thegiven name,Ali.

Ali Sadikin
Official portrait of Ali
Official portrait, 1966
1stCoordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs
In office
27 August 1964 – 28 March 1966
PresidentSukarno
Preceded byOffice created
Succeeded byJatidjan
16thMinister of Transportation
In office
13 November 1963 – 28 March 1966
PresidentSukarno
Preceded byAbdoelmoettalip Danoeningrat
Succeeded bySusatyo Mardi
4thGovernor of Jakarta
In office
28 April 1966 – 5 July 1977
Preceded bySoemarno Sosroatmodjo
Succeeded byTjokropranolo
8thChairman of Football Association of Indonesia
In office
1977–1981
Preceded byMoehono
Succeeded bySjarnoebi Said
Personal details
Born(1926-07-07)7 July 1926
Sumedang,Dutch East Indies
Died20 May 2008(2008-05-20)(aged 81)
Singapore
Spouses
Nani Arnasih
​
​
(m.1954; died1986)​
Linda Syamsuddin
​
​
(m.1987)​
Children5
Signature
NicknameBang Ali
Military service
AllegianceIndonesia
Branch/serviceIndonesian Navy
Years of service1945–1966
RankLieutenant General
UnitKKO
Battles/wars

Ali Sadikin(7 July 1926 – 20 May 2008) was an Indonesian politician who served as the fourthgovernor of Jakartafrom 1966 until 1977. Prior to becoming governor, he served asMinister of Transportationfrom 1963 until 1966 andCoordinating Minister for Marine Affairsfrom 1964 until 1966. He also served as Chairman of theFootball Association of Indonesiafrom 1977 until 1981. Born to parents of ethnic-Sundanesedescent, Ali attended the Semarang Shipping Science Polytechnic during theJapanese occupation period.During theIndonesian National Revolution,he joined thePeople's Security Agency Navy,the predecessor to theIndonesian Navy,and fought against the Dutch duringOperation ProductandOperation Kraai.Following the end of the national revolution, Ali remained in the navy and fought against thePermestarebel movement in the late 1950s.

In 1963, he was appointedMinister of Transportationby PresidentSukarno.A year later, he was appointed coordinating minister of the newly formed Coordinating Ministry for Maritime and Investments Affairs. On 28 April 1966, Ali was appointed governor of Jakarta, becoming the first governor in Indonesia to be sworn-in at theMerdeka Palace.As governor, Ali carried out the construction of Jakarta's infrastructure. He constructed theIsmail Marzuki Park,Ragunan Zoo,Ancol Dreamland,and a number of other infrastructure projects. Notably, Ali allowed the construction of night entertainment projects, as well allowing entertainment in the form ofgamblingin Jakarta. With taxes generating from gambling being used to build the city and build theJakarta Islamic Centre.Ali's governorship also saw the revival ofBetawi culturein Jakarta, with the increased popularity ofOndel-ondel performancesand theBetawi mask dance.

Biography

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Early life and education

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Ali was born inSumedang,West Java,on 7 July 1926, to Sundanese parents. He was the fifth child of six children from Raden Sadikin and Itjih Karnasih. His oldest brother, Hasan Sadikin, became a doctor whose name is immortalized ina hospital in Bandung;his second oldest brother owned a printing press; his third oldest brother Usman Sadikin, worked atGaruda Indonesia;his fourth oldest brother, Abu Sadikin, was a soldier in theArmy;and his youngest brother is Said Sadikin.[1]As a young boy, Ali wanted to become a sailor. During the Japanese occupation of Indonesia, he entered the Great Shipping Officer Education (P3B) which is now known as the Semarang Shipping Science Polytechnic.[1]

Military service

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Ali Sadikin in 1960

During thewar of independence,Ali joined theNaval Section of the People's Security Agency,the forerunner of the modernIndonesian Navy.He was sent toTegal,Central Javato form a Navy base and Marine Corps. During the war, he fought against the Dutch duringOperation ProductandOperation Kraai.[1]Ali Sadikin also helped crushPermestain North Sulawesi. According to a story, he bravely advanced to the front line, running while firing amachine gun.One of his friends called his fighting "Hollywood Style."[1]

Governor of Jakarta

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Appointment

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Ali Sadikin was directly inaugurated by President Sukarno as Governor of Jakarta on Thursday, 28 April 1966 at 10:00 at theMerdeka Palace.His inauguration was based on Presidential Decree No. 82/1966. In that decision, Ali, who is also a member of the staff of the Deputy Minister for Economics, Finance, and Development, was deemed capable and fulfilled the requirements to become the Governor of Jakarta.

Tenure

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A former officer in theIndonesian Marine Corps,he saw the city as a battlefield.[2]He sought to improve public services, clear out slum dwellers, banbecaks(cycle rickshaws), and outlaw street peddlers.[3]Sadikin's role in bulldozing poor areas of Jakarta was part of a long history of struggle over land use in the region.[4]Through legislation, Sadikin successfully wrested control over large amounts of poor housing. These areas he gave at minimal cost to developers such as the Jaya Group.[5]For Abidin Kusno,[6]Sadikin was part of amodernistprogram to attack irrationality, criminalize poverty, and create obedient national citizens. At the same time, he sought tokampung-ize city dwellers—to reinvest them with village sociality andmutual aid(gotong royong).[7]

Ali also tried to halt migration into Jakarta by declaring the city closed to newcomers. He issued residency cards in hope of enforcing the policy, but failed to curtail population growth.[8]One of the earliest and most outspoken advocates offamily planning,Sadikin showed that Muslim groups would support these policies.[9]Under Sadikin, Jakartan pilgrimage toMeccaand other holy places surged.[10]Hungry for revenue for his projects, Sadikin legalized gambling and steambaths (de facto brothels), much to the outrage of many Muslim groups.[11]Although Sadikin's restructuring of land in Jakarta displaced countless urban poor, he also advocated for the LBH, theLegal Aid Society;an organization which was used by both the private sector and the urban poor.

Ali also carried out the construction of Jakarta's infrastructure. Notably, he oversaw the construction and inauguration ofIsmail Marzuki Park,an arts, cultural, and science center located atCikiniinJakarta,Indonesia,on the site of what was then theRagunan zoo.Taman Ismail Marzuki complex comprises a number of facilities including six performing arts theaters, cinemas, exhibition hall, gallery, libraries and an archive building. He also oversaw the moving of Ragunan zoo to its present location, which was officially reopened on June 22, 1966, managed by the city administration. His administration also saw the development ofAncol Dreamland,aresortdestination located alongJakarta's waterfront, inAncol(Kelurahan),Pademangan,Indonesia, on the site of what was previously a mosquito-infested swamps and fish ponds, and the source of century-old malaria outbreak in Jakarta. The first facility was the Bina Ria Ancol beach, best known for itsdrive-in theaterespecially during the 1970s, then followed with a golf course, swimming pool, oceanarium, Putri Duyung cottage, Hotel Horison and its casino. Ali's administration was also responsible for the construction of theSenen Project.[12]

Ali in 1975

During the 1960s, he founded an advocacy group for thewaria.[13]In 1975, Sadikin famously attended the wedding of Indonesia's first trans woman legally recognised as her true gender,Vivian Rubiyanti Iskandar.[14]After having allegedly "allowed"Golkarto lose an election in Jakarta, Sadikin was removed from office.[15]Despite Sadikin's heavy-handed urban reforms, he is often cited as a popular leader.[16]In 1978, mass student protests embroiled the capital, and students nominated Sadikin as an alternative president.[17]

Post-governorship

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Chairman of the PSSI

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See also:Football Association of Indonesia

Petition of Fifty

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See also:Petition of Fifty

The Petition of Fifty is a document criticizing President Suharto's use of the state philosophy,Pancasila,against his political opponents. The petition was published on May 5, 1980 in Jakarta. The petition emerged as an expression of concern and concern by 50 influential military and private figures in Indonesia. The contents of Petition of Fifty include that the Suharto has considered himself to be the embodiment ofPancasila.Suharto considered any criticism of him to be a critique of the state ideology of Pancasila. Suharto, among other things, used Pancasila as a tool to threaten his enemies.

Participants of the Petition of Fifty included a group of powerful and highly influential critics of the New Order, including former Chief of Staff of the Armed ForcesGeneral Abdul Haris Nasution,former National Police ChiefHoegeng Imam Santoso,and former Prime MinistersBurhanuddin HarahapandMohammad Natsir.Ali also helped found and led the Petition of Fifty. Reportedly, he regularly hosted meetings of the petition at his home. Though he remained a resolutestatistin favor ofmilitarism,he opposed President Suharto's consolidation of power in the government and military (ABRI). It is likely that Sadikin's stature and popularity both bolstered the Petition of Fifty and helped to shield it from more severe repression.[18][12]

Death

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Sadikin died inSingaporeon May 20, 2008,[19]and was buried in Tanah Kusir Cemetery, Jakarta the next day.[20]

Personal life

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Ali was first married to Nani Sadikin, a dentist who became commonly known throughout Jakarta as Mpok Nani. However, Nani died in 1986, and Ali later remarried to a woman named Linda Syamsuddi Mangan.[1]Together with Nani, Ali had 5 children. Namely, Boy Sadikin, Yasser Umarsyah Sadikin, Benyamin Irwansyah Putra, Edi Trisnadi Putra, and Irawan Hernadi Putra.[12]

References

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  1. ^abcdeOkezone (30 May 2021)."Kisah Heroik Ali Sadikin, Jenderal Gaya Hollywood yang Maju Perang Paling Depan: Okezone Nasional"(in Indonesian).Archivedfrom the original on 30 May 2021.Retrieved22 September2021.
  2. ^Sadikin 1992
  3. ^Witton, Patrick; Mark Elliott; Paul Greenway; Virginia Jealous (15 November 2003).Indonesia.Melbourne: Lonely Planet. pp. 138–139.ISBN978-1-74059-154-6.
  4. ^Aspinall, Edward. “Indonesia: Civil society and Democratic Breakthrough” in Muthiah Alagappa (ed.) Civil Society and Political Change in Asia. Expanding and Contracting Democratic Space. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2004, pp. 61-96.
  5. ^Douglas, M. (1989) 'The Environmental Sustainability of Development. Coordination, Incentives and Political Will in Land Use Planning for the Jakarta Metropolis', Third World Planning Review 11(2): 211–38; Douglas, M. (1992) 'The Political Economy of Urban Poverty and Environmental Management in Asia: Access, Empowerment and Community-based Alternatives', Environment and Urbanization 4(2): 9–32; Steele, Janet. 2005.Wars Within The Story of Tempo an Independent Magazine in Soeharto's Indonesia.Jakarta: Equinox.
  6. ^Associate Professor, Centre for Southeast Asian Studies,University of British Columbia.
  7. ^Kusno, Abidin. 2000.Behind the Postcolonial: Architecture, Urban Space and Political Cultures.NY: Routledge.
  8. ^Forbes, Dean. "Jakarta: Globalization, economic crisis, and social change," pp. 268-298, in Josef Gugler (ed.),World Cities beyond the West: Globalization, Development and Inequality,p. 273
  9. ^Blackburn, Susan.Women and the State in Modern IndonesiaCambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 152; see also a Ford Foundation report:[1]ArchivedOctober 14, 2007, at theWayback Machine
  10. ^Bianchi, Robert R. 2004.Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World.Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 185.
  11. ^Dick, Howard andPeter J. Rimmer,2003.Cities, Transport and Communications: The Integration of Southeast Asia Since 1850.,NY: Palgrave Macmillan. p 283; Effendy, Bahtiar. 2004.Islam and the State in Indonesia: Islam and the State in Indonesia.Athens, OH: Ohio University Press. p. 49.
  12. ^abc"Ali Sadikin".tirto.id(in Indonesian).Retrieved22 September2021.
  13. ^"Anti-gay hysteria is on the rise in Indonesia".The Economist.21 September 2017.
  14. ^"Viva Vivian!".Historia - Majalah Sejarah Populer Pertama di Indonesia(in Indonesian). 3 November 2010.Retrieved24 July2020.
  15. ^Aspinall, Edward. 2005. "Regime Friction and Elite Dissidence," pp. 49-85 inOpposing Suharto: Compromise, Resistance, and Regime Change in Indonesia.Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 63
  16. ^Dick and Rimmer 2003.
  17. ^Kingsbury, Damien. 2002.The Politics of Indonesia,2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 87
  18. ^Aspinall, Edward. 2005. "Regime Friction and Elite Dissidence," pp. 49-85 inOpposing Suharto: Compromise, Resistance, and Regime Change in Indonesia.Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 61, 65
  19. ^Ali Sadikin passes awayArchived2008-05-21 at theWayback Machine;ANTARA,20 May 2008
  20. ^"Ali Sadikin Dimakamkan di Atas Makam Istrinya".21 May 2008.

Bibliography

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  • Bang Ali demi Jakarta (1966-1977): Memoar(Indonesian) by Ali Sadikin, Ramadhan K. H., Jakarta Raya (Indonesia) Pustaka Sinar Harapan. 1992.
  • Tantangan Demokrasi(Indonesian) by Ali Sadikin. Pustaka Sinar Harapan. 1995.
  • Pers Bertanya, Bang Ali Menjawab(Indonesian) by Ali Sadikin, Ramadhan K. H. Pustaka Jaya. 1995.
[edit]
Political offices
Preceded by Governor of Jakarta
1966–1977 		Succeeded by
Sporting positions
Preceded by Chairman ofPSSI
1978–1981 		Succeeded by
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