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Ama Ata Aidoo

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Ama Ata Aidoo
BornChristina Ama Ata Aidoo
(1942-03-23)23 March 1942
Abeadzi Kyiakor,Gold Coast(now Ghana)
Died31 May 2023(2023-05-31)(aged 81)[a]
Accra,Ghana
Occupation
  • Author
  • playwright
  • professor
EducationWesley Girls' High School
Alma materUniversity of Ghana
Genre
  • Drama
  • fiction
  • poetry
Subject
Notable works
Notable awardsCommonwealth Writers' Prize
1992

Ama Ata Aidoo(23 March 1942 – 31 May 2023)[1]was a Ghanaian author, poet, playwright, politician, and academic.[2][3]She wasSecretary for EducationinGhanafrom 1982 to 1983 underJerry Rawlings'sPNDCadministration. Her first play,The Dilemma of a Ghost,was published in 1965, making Aidoo the first published female African dramatist.[4]As a novelist, she won theCommonwealth Writers' Prizein 1992 with the novelChanges.In 2000, she established theMbaasem FoundationinAccrato promote and support the work of African women writers.[5]

Early life

[edit]

Christina Ama Ata Aidoowas born on 23 March 1942[6]inAbeadzi Kyiakor,nearSaltpond,in theCentral Region of Ghana.Some sources ([7]including Megan Behrent,Brown University,andAfrica Who's Who) have stated that she was born on 31 March.[8][9]She had a twin brother, Kwame Ata.[10][11]

Aidoo was raised in aFanteroyal household, the daughter of Nana Yaw Fama, chief ofAbeadzi Kyiakor,and Maame Abasema.[12]Her grandfather was murdered byneocolonialists,[13][14]which brought her father's attention to the importance of educating the children and families of the village on the history and events of the era. This led him to open up the first school in their village and influenced Aidoo to attendWesley Girls' High School,where she first decided she wanted to be awriter.[15]

Education

[edit]

From 1957, Aidoo attendedWesley Girls' Senior High SchoolinCape Coast.[16][17]After high school, she enrolled in 1961 at theUniversity of Ghana,Legon,where she obtained the degree ofBachelor of ArtsinEnglishand wrote her first play,The Dilemma of a Ghost,in 1964.[2]The play was published byLongmanthe following year, making Aidoo the first published female African dramatist.[4]

Career

[edit]

After graduating, Aidoo held a fellowship in creative writing atStanford UniversityinCalifornia[2]before returning to Ghana in 1969 to teach English at theUniversity of Ghana.[18]She served as a research fellow at theInstitute of African Studiesthere and as a lecturer in English at theUniversity of Cape Coast,where she eventually rose to the position of professor.[19]

Aidoo was appointed Minister of Education under theProvisional National Defence Councilin 1982. She resigned after 18 months, realizing that she would be unable to achieve her aim of making education in Ghana freely accessible to all.[20]She has portrayed the role of African women in contemporary society. She has opined that the idea ofnationalismhas been deployed by recent leaders as a means of keeping people oppressed.[21]She criticized those literate Africans who profess to love their country but are seduced by the benefits of the developed world.[22]She believed in a distinct African identity, which she viewed from a female perspective.[23]She held strong Pan-Africanist views on the necessity of unity among African countries and was outspoken about the centuries of exploitation of the Africa's resources and peoples.[24][25]

In 1983, she moved to live inZimbabwe,where she continued her work in education, including as a curriculum developer for the Zimbabwe Ministry of Education, as well as writing.[26]While inHarare,she published a collection of poems in 1985,Someone Talking to Sometime,and wrote a children's book entitledThe Eagle and the Chickens and Other Stories(1986).[27]

InLondon,England, in 1986, she delivered theWalter RodneyVisions of Africa lecture organized by the support group ofBogle-L'Ouverturepublishing house.[28]

Aidoo received aFulbright Scholarshipaward in 1988, was writer-in-residence at theUniversity of Richmond,Virginiain 1989,[26]and taught various English courses atHamilton CollegeinClinton New Yorkin the early mid-1990s.

In 1991, she and African-American poetJayne Cortezestablished and co-chaired theOrganization of Women Writers of Africa(OWWA),[29]and board members of OWWA have includedJ. E. Franklin,Cheryll Y. Greene,Rashidah Ismaili,Louise Meriwether,Maya Angelou,Rosamond S. King,Margaret Busby,Gabrielle Civil,Alexis De Veaux,LaTasha N. Diggs,Zetta Elliott,Donette Francis,Paula Giddings,Renée Larrier,Tess Onwueme,Coumba Touré,Maryse Condé,Nancy Morejón,andSapphire.[30]

From 2004 to 2011, Aidoo was a visiting professor in the Africana Studies Department atBrown University.[31]

She chaired the Ghana Association of Writers Book Festival from its inception in 2011.[32][33]

Aidoo was a patron of theEtisalat Prize for Literature(alongsideDele Olojede,Ellah Wakatama Allfrey,Margaret Busby,Sarah Ladipo Manyika,andZakes Mda), created in 2013 as a platform for African writers of debut novels of fiction.[34][35]

Writings

[edit]

Aidoo's plays includeThe Dilemma of a Ghost,produced at Legon in 1964 (first published in 1965) andPittsburghin 1988, andAnowa,published in 1971 and produced at theGate Theatrein London in 1991.[26][36]

Her works of fiction particularly deal with the tension between Western and African worldviews. Her first novel,Our Sister Killjoy,was published in 1977 and remains one of her most popular works. It is notable for portraying a dissenting perspective onsexuality in Africa,and especiallyLGBT in Africa.Whereas one popular idea on the continent is that homosexuality is alien to Africa and an intrusion of ideas ofWestern cultureinto a pure, inherently heterosexual "African" culture, Aidoo portrays the main character ofKilljoyas indulging inlesbianfantasies of her own, and maintaining sympathetic relationships with lesbian characters.[37]

Many of Aidoo's other protagonists are also women who defy the stereotypical women's roles of their time, as in her playAnowa.Her novelChanges: A Love Storywon the 1992Commonwealth Writers' Prizefor Best Book (Africa).[38]She was also an accomplished poet—her collectionSomeone Talking to Sometimewon theNelson MandelaPrize for Poetry in 1987[39]—and the author of severalchildren's books.

Aidoo contributed the piece "To be a woman" to the 1984 anthologySisterhood Is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology,edited byRobin Morgan.[40]Her story "Two Sisters" appears in the 1992 anthologyDaughters of Africa,edited byMargaret Busby.[41]

In 2000, Aidoo founded theMbaasem Foundation,a non-governmental organization based in Ghana with a mission "to support the development and sustainability of African women writers and their artistic output",[5]which she ran together with her daughter Kinna Likimani[42]and a board of management.[43]

Aidoo was editor of the anthologyAfrican Love Stories(Ayebia, 2006),[44]a collection of 21 stories by writers includingChika Unigwe,Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie,Doreen Baingana,Nawal El Saadawi,Helen Oyeyemi,Leila Aboulela,Molara Ogundipe,Monica Arac de Nyeko,Sarah Ladipo Manyika,Sefi Atta,Sindiwe Magona,andVéronique Tadjo.[45][46]In 2012, Aidoo publishedDiplomatic Pounds & Other Stories,a compilation of short stories.[47]

Death

[edit]

Aidoo died on 31 May 2023 inAccra.[48][49][50][51][52]Praising her as "an outstanding writer, advocate for women's cause, the cause of Africans and the progressive people around the world", PresidentNana Akufo-Addoannounced that she would be given a state funeral,[53][54]with rites held from 13 July to 16 July,[55][56][57]On 13 July, her funeral took place in the forecourt of the State House,[58]followed by lying-in-state at her home town of Abeadze Kyiakor on 15 July, and a thanksgiving church service and burial on Sunday, 16 July.[59][60]

Honours and recognition

[edit]

Aidoo received several awards, including winning theMbari Clubprize in 1962 for her short story "No Sweetness Here",[26]and the 1992Commonwealth Writers' Prizefor Best Book (Africa) for her novelChanges.[61]

In 2012, the volumeEssays in honour of Ama Ata Aidoo at 70was published, edited by Anne V. Adams, with contributors includingAtukwei Okai,Margaret Busby,Maryse Condé,Micere Mugo,Toyin Falola,Biodun Jeyifo,Kofi Anyidoho,Naana Jane Opoku-Agyemang,Naana Banyiwa Horne, Nana Wilson-Tagoe,Carole Boyce Davies,Emmanuel Akyeampong,James Gibbs, Vincent O. Odamtten,Jane Bryce,Esi Sutherland-Addy,Femi Osofisan,Kwesi Yankah,Abena Busia,Yaba Badoe,Ivor Agyeman-Duah,Chikwenye Okonjo Ogunyemi,Ngugi Wa Thiong'o,Kinna Likimani, and others.[62][63][64]

Aidoo was the subject of a 2014 documentary film,The Art of Ama Ata Aidoo,made byYaba Badoe.[65][66][67]

The Aidoo-Snyder Book Prize, awarded by the Women's Caucus of the African Studies Association for an outstanding book published by a woman that prioritizes African women's experiences, is named in honour of Ama Ata Aidoo and ofMargaret C. Snyder,who was the founding director ofUNIFEM.[68]

In 2016, Aidoo's playsThe Dilemma of a GhostandAnowawere included as African Drama selections in theCambridge International Examinations.[69]

Launched in March 2017, the Ama Ata Aidoo Centre for Creative Writing (Aidoo Centre), under the auspices of the Kojo Yankah School of Communications Studies at theAfrican University College of Communications(AUCC) inAdabraka,Accra,was named in her honour[70]—the first centre of its kind in West Africa, withNii Ayikwei Parkesas its director.[71][72]

Selected works

[edit]
  • The Dilemma of a Ghost(play), Accra: Longman, 1965. New York: Macmillan, 1971.[15][73][74][75]
  • Anowa(play based on a Ghanaian legend), London: Longman, 1970. New York: Humanities Press, 1970.[76]
  • No Sweetness Here: A Collection of Short Stories,London: Longman, 1970. New York: Doubleday.[77][78]
  • Our Sister Killjoy: or Reflections from a Black-eyed Squint(novel), Longman, 1977.[15][79]
  • Someone Talking to Sometime(poetry collection), Harare: College Press, 1986.[78][80]
  • The Eagle and the Chickens and Other Stories(for children), Enugu:Tana Press,1986.[78]
  • Birds and Other Poems,Harare: College Press, 1987.[80]
  • An Angry Letter in January(poems), Coventry:Dangaroo Press,1992,ISSN0106-5734[81]
  • Changes: A Love Story(novel), London:The Women's Press,1991. New York:Feminist Press at the City University of New York,1993.[15][82]
  • The Girl Who Can and Other Stories,Accra: Sub-Saharan Publishers,ISBN978-0435910136;Heinemann African Writers Series,1997.
  • Diplomatic Pounds & Other Stories,Ayebia Clarke Publishing, 2012,ISBN978-0956240194.

As editor

[edit]

Her background

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Many sources erroneously give 1942 as her date of birth.

References

[edit]
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  40. ^"Table of Contents: Sisterhood is global".Catalog.vsc.edu.Anchor Press/Doubleday. Archived fromthe originalon 8 December 2015.Retrieved15 October2015.
  41. ^Aidoo, Ama Ata, "Two Sisters", in Margaret Busby (ed.),Daughters of Africa,London: Jonathan Cape, 1992, pp. 532–542.
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Further reading

[edit]
  • Adams, Anne V. (editor),Essays in Honour of Ama Ata Aidoo at 70: A Reader in African Cultural Studies,Banbury, Oxfordshire, UK: Ayebia Clake Publishing, 2012,ISBN9780956930705.
  • Allen, Nafeesah,"Negotiating with the Diaspora: an Interview with Ama Ata Aidoo",Scholar & Feminist Online,2009.
  • Azodo, Ada Uzoamakaand G. Wilentz,Emerging Perspectives on Ama Ata Aidoo,Africa Research & Publications, 1999.
  • Deandrea, Pietro,Fertile Crossings: Metamorphoses of Genre in Anglophone West African Literature.Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi, 2002, pp. 16–22, isbn 9789042014787.
  • Frías, María,"An Interview with Ama Ata Aidoo: 'I Learnt my First Feminist Lessons in Africa'",Revista Alicantina de Estudis Ingleses,No. 16, November 2003, pp. 317–335.
  • George, Rosemary Marangoly, and Helen Scott, "A New Tail to an Old Tale": An Interview with Ama Ata Aidoo ",Novel: A Forum on Fiction,Vol. 26, No. 3, African Literature Issue (Spring 1993), pp. 297–308.JSTOR,https://doi.org/10.2307/1345838.
  • Misra, Aditya, "Death in Surprise: Gender and Power Dynamics in Ama Ata Aidoo's Anowa".Journal of Drama Studies,Vol. 6, No. 1, 2012, pp. 81–91.
  • Odamtten, Vincent O.,The Art of Ama Ata Aidoo: Polylectics and Reading Against Neocolonialism.University Press of Florida, 1994.
  • Pujolràs-Noguer, Esther,An African (Auto)biography. Ama Ata Aidoo's Literary Quest: Strangeness, Nation and Tradition,Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, 2012.
[edit]