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Amnesia: The Dark Descent

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Amnesia: The Dark Descent
Developer(s)Frictional Games
Publisher(s)Frictional Games
Designer(s)
  • Thomas Grip
  • Jens Nilsson
Programmer(s)
  • Thomas Grip
  • Luis A. Rodero Morales
Writer(s)
  • Mikael Hedberg
  • Thomas Grip
Composer(s)Mikko Tarmia
EngineHPL Engine 2
Platform(s)
Release
  • Linux,OS X,Windows
  • 8 September 2010
  • PlayStation 4
  • 22 November 2016
  • Xbox One
  • 28 September 2018
  • Nintendo Switch
  • 12 September 2019
  • Android
  • 28 September 2021
Genre(s)Survival horror,adventure
Mode(s)Single-player

Amnesia: The Dark Descentis a 2010survival horror[1]adventure gamedeveloped and published byFrictional Games.[2]It was released in 2010 forMicrosoft Windows,Mac OS XandLinuxoperating systems, in 2016 for thePlayStation 4platform and in 2018 for theXbox One.The game features aprotagonistnamed Daniel exploring a dark and foreboding castle calledBrennenburg,while trying to maintain his sanity by avoiding monsters and unsettling events.[3]The game was critically well-received, earning two awards from theIndependent Games Festival,being cited as one of the most "influential games of the decade" byThe Washington Post,and numerous other positive reviews.[4][5]

Originally released independently viaonline distribution,the game has since been published in retail by1C Companyin Russia and Eastern Europe, as well asTHQin North America.[6][7][8]A collection of five short stories set in the world ofAmnesia,written by Mikael Hedberg and illustrated by the game's concept artists, was also made available.[9]In addition, the game's soundtrack is available for purchase and a free content expansionJustinehas been released, as well as manyfan-madeexpansions and stories for its unique "Custom Story" game mode.[10]

An indirect sequel toThe Dark Descent,titledAmnesia: A Machine for Pigs,was released on 10 September 2013. TheAmnesia Collection– which containsThe Dark Descent,itsAmnesia: Justineexpansion andA Machine for Pigswas released forPlayStation 4on 22 November 2016, and forXbox Oneon 28 September 2018. The same collection was released on theNintendo Switchon 12 September 2019.[11]A second sequel, developed by Frictional Games,Amnesia: Rebirth,was announced on 6 March 2020, and was released on 20 October 2020. The third sequel,Amnesia: The Bunker,was released on 6 June 2023.

Gameplay

[edit]
Daniel is chased by a Grunt, one of several monsters encountered in the castle.

Amnesia: The Dark Descentis afirst-personadventure gamewithsurvival horrorelements. The player takes control of Daniel, who must navigate Castle Brennenburg while avoiding various dangers and solving puzzles. The gameplay retains the physical object interaction used in thePenumbraseries,allowing for physics-based puzzles and interactions such as opening doors and fi xing machinery.[3]Smaller items can be stored in an inventory menu, while larger objects can be raised by holding down a mouse button and pushing or pulling the mouse. Objects such as doors or levers can be manipulated by using the mouse in a fashion that imitates moving the said object. The difficulty level can be adjusted before starting the game, but cannot be readjusted once the game has begun.

In addition to a health indicator, Daniel'ssanitymust be managed, centered around an "afraid of darkness" mechanic. According to designer Thomas Grip, "the idea was basically that the darkness itself should be an enemy."[12]Sanity is reduced by staying in the dark for too long, witnessing unsettling events or looking directly at monsters. Low sanity causes visual and auditory hallucinations and an increased chance of attracting monsters, while its complete depletion results in a temporary drop in mobility, or death in higher difficulties. Light sources help restore sanity, and if none are available, Daniel may use tinderboxes to ignite candles and torches or deploy an oil-burning lantern. However, the number of tinderboxes and the amount of oil available are both limited, even more so in higher difficulties.

If a monster sees Daniel, it will chase him until he evades its sight. Daniel has no means of fighting monsters, so he must either avoid being seen or run away. Daniel can withstand only a few attacks from a monster before he dies, which will cause the most recent save of the game to load. The player can restore Daniel's health by usinglaudanumfound throughout the game. The player can hinder monsters by closing doors and building barricades from nearby objects. However, monsters can destroy doors and knock over objects. Hiding in dark areas where monsters will not notice Daniel is also effective, but will decrease Daniel's sanity. In higher difficulties, the monsters will move faster, deal more damage and search for Daniel for longer periods of time.

Plot

[edit]

On 19 August 1839, a young man awakens in the dark and empty halls of Brennenburg Castle inPrussiawith no memory about himself or his past.[2]All he can remember is that his name is Daniel, that he lives inMayfair,and that someone or something is hunting him.[13][14]Shortly after regaining consciousness, Daniel finds a note he wrote to himself, which informs him that he has deliberately erased his own memory and is being hunted by a "Shadow", an unearthly presence that manifests itself through fleshy, acidic growths spreading throughout the castle. The note instructs Daniel to descend into the Inner Sanctum of the castle in order to find and kill itsbaron,Alexander.

As he makes his way through the castle, Daniel gradually learns both about its mysteries and about his own past, through notes and diaries he finds as well as through sudden flashbacks and visions. The origin of his situation is a mysterious orb that he recovered from theTin Hinan TombinAlgeria,which unleashed the Shadow. Each of the experts he contacted and consulted in person about the orb was later found gruesomely dismembered. Disturbed by this, Daniel desperately exhausted all archaeological leads into strange orbs until contacted by Alexander, who summoned him to Brennenburg. There, Alexander informed him that the Shadow was slowly stalking him, killing everyone he came into contact with, and will not stop until it kills him as well. Alexander promised a means of repelling the Shadow by ritualistically coating the orb with a "vitae" substance, which could only be harvested from living humans experiencing extreme pain and agony. However, Alexander's true purpose is to use Daniel's vitae-enriched orb to return to his native dimension, from which he was banished centuries prior. To achieve this end, Alexander and Daniel gathered vitae by torturing prisoners in the castle dungeons, many of whom were innocent people that Alexander claimed to be murderous criminals.

To maximize the production of vitae, the victims were forced to consume a potion that induced amnesia, so that they could never grow accustomed to their torment. Unbeknownst to Daniel, application of vitae to the orb only served to further enrage the Shadow in addition to briefly repelling it; he had been doomed from the start. Increasingly desperate to escape the impending Shadow, Daniel became sadistic in his attempts to harvest vitae, and accidentally killed two escaping prisoners, a mother and her young daughter, in a fit of rage. Following the final ritual, Alexander sensed Daniel's guilt and declining faith in him and left him for dead as a result. Realizing how Alexander had manipulated him, Daniel swore revenge and consumed an amnesia potion in order to overcome his paralyzing guilt.

As Daniel nears the Inner Sanctum, he encountersHeinrich Cornelius Agrippa,a man who had once studied the orbs with his studentJohann Weyerand has since been kept alive and imprisoned by Alexander, due to his extensive knowledge on the subject. He tells Daniel that Weyer has been able to harness the power of the orbs to travel between dimensions, and instructs him in finding the shattered pieces of what used to be his own orb, which is needed to breach the Inner Sanctum. Agrippa also asks Daniel to take with him his head, which can be severed alive using a tonic invented by Weyer, and throw it into the inter-dimensional portal after Alexander opens it.

Once Daniel enters the Inner Sanctum, he finds Alexander preparing to open the portal. From here, there are three possible endings:

  • If the player does nothing, Alexander enters the portal, leaving Daniel to be killed by the Shadow and descends into darkness, while Alexander tells him his sacrifice will be forever celebrated.
  • If the player prevents the portal from opening by knocking over its support columns, the Shadow kills Alexander and spares Daniel, allowing him to leave the castle content with his redemption.
  • If the player throws Agrippa's head into the portal, the Shadow kills both Alexander and Daniel. In the darkness, Agrippa assures Daniel that everything will be alright, calling upon Weyer to help him.

Amnesia: Justine

[edit]

The player takes control of an unnamed woman, who awakens with amnesia in a dungeon cell. A phonograph in the cell contains a recording by a woman named Justine, who tells the unnamed woman that she is the subject of a psychological test. The woman must overcome three puzzles to escape the dungeon. In each, she has the option of simply abandoning the puzzle and walking away, but doing so will cause an innocent victim to die. She is also pursued by the Suitors, three monstrous characters who turn out to be Justine's former paramours, now twisted by physical and psychological torture. After surviving the puzzle sections, the woman discovers a phonograph dangling from the ceiling, which causes the walls of the chamber to close in and threaten to crush the woman. She passes out, but awakens unharmed and begins to congratulate herself, revealing that the woman is Justine herself, who staged the entire experiment to see if she still had any compassion for humanity within herself. The ending sequence's dialogue differs depending on the number of people Justine had rescued.

Development

[edit]

Work began on the game whilePenumbra: Requiemwas still being developed, with the company working on both projects at the same time.[15]The game was first known under two working titles:UnknownandLux Tenebras.It was not until 3 November 2009 that it was announced as its current title,Amnesia,and 13 November with the release of the game's website and a game trailer.[16][17]Initial designs of the game varied considerably from the final game, with the developers interested in reintroducing more combat elements similar to those utilized in their first commercial titlePenumbra: Overture.The developers soon discovered that they encountered many of the same problems and difficulties that plagued the combat in that game however, and the design was further changed to be more similar to the style set out byOverture's sequelPenumbra: Black Plague.[18]

On 5 February 2010, it was announced that the game had reached the Alpha stage of development on all platforms.[19][20][21]Two weeks later the developers released a new teaser trailer that showed actual gameplay footage, and the developers began accepting pre-orders for the game through their website. Also revealed was that the game was at that point being tested on all three intended platforms. It was also announced that the game would be released simultaneously for all of them in August 2010.[22][23]This was later rescheduled, and the game was then expected to have an 8 September 2010 release.[24]It was then later announced on 27 August 2010 that the game had officially goneGoldand would soon be ready for sale.[25]On 3 September, the game's demo was released containing selected parts of the gameplay and story. It was then successfully released on 8 September 2010.[26]

If the game reached 2000 pre-orders by 31 May 2010, Frictional promised it would release extra content for the game. The goal was finally met in early May, after the pre-orders were offered at a discount made available until 31 May. This was done due to the success ofPenumbra: Overtureas a part of the firstHumble Indie Bundle.[27]The extra content was revealed to be commentary,[28]and they explained in the comments section of the same page that its intended function was similar to that ofValve's commentary system that began in theHalf-Life 2series.[29]The authors cite "Soul Made Flesh" byCarl Zimmerand older horror movies such asThe Hauntingas being inspirations for the mood and style of the game.[30]Other critics have drawn parallels between the game's story and the writings ofH. P. Lovecraft.[31]

Thomas Grip, one of the game's main developers, would later write up a post-mortem of the game titled "The Terrifying Tale of Amnesia" forThe Escapist,where he outlined in detail the process of the game's development, mostly focusing on its ever-changing design and the financial problems that plagued the developers for most of the game's development.[12]

APlayStation 4version –Amnesia Collection– was released on 22 November 2016 viaPlayStation Network;this title includesThe Dark Descent,its expansionAmnesia: Justine,and the sequelAmnesia: A Machine for Pigs.[32]

Just two days after its release on PS4, Frictional Games posted a tweet stating that the port managed to recoup all costs and "more".[33]

On 23 September 2020, it was announced thatAmnesia: The Dark Descentwould be made open source.[34]

Audio

[edit]
Amnesia: The Dark Descent (Original Game Soundtrack)
Soundtrack albumby
Mikko Tarmia
Released17 May 2011(2011-05-17)
GenreVideo game soundtrack
Length34:41
LabelThe Sound of Fiction

The game's music was composed byMikko Tarmiaand released for download on 17 May 2011. Some unused music can be heard in the soundtrack, but not in-game.

Amnesia The Dark Descent Soundtracktrack list
No.TitleLength
1."Menu Theme"1:16
2."Darkness"1:16
3."Lux Tenebras"3:22
4."Grand Hall"1:27
5."Ending: Alexander"1:53
6."Next to the Guardian"1:49
7."Theme For Unknown"3:04
8."Dark Water"1:17
9."Daniel's Room"1:08
10."Grunt's Appearance"1:14
11."Back Hall"1:22
12."Ending: Agrippa"1:56
13."Suitor Attacks"1:15
14."Basement Storage"2:12
15."Brennenburg Theme"3:13
16."Hub"1:33
17."Ending: Alexander" (alternative version)2:13
18."Bridges"1:06
19."The End"2:05
Total length:34:41

Downloadable content

[edit]

On 12 April 2011, Frictional Games released an extra free level for owners of theSteamversion ofAmnesia.This additional campaign is set apart from Brennenburg Castle.Justinewas released on Steam as a way to promote the then-upcoming release ofPortal 2,as getting 100% on the campaign (all of the collectables, all of the analysis and making correct choices) unlocks a message from the fictional company Aperture Science. The content was made available for all of the game's supported platforms and versions as part of theAmnesiav1.2 update on 17 May 2011.[9]

It is possible to create custom stories forAmnesiathat can then be loaded in the game.[35][36]Various tools for theHPL Engine 2have been released that allow the creation of uniquelevels,models,particle effectsand materials, using an interface similar to Valve's Hammer Editing Software.[37]Game logic can be implemented using theAngelScriptscripting language.[38][39][40]A prominent example of a custom story isPenumbra: Necrologue,a fan-made sequel to Frictional's earlierPenumbraseries.[41]

On 23 September 2020, Frictional Games announced that they would be releasing the source code for bothAmnesia: The Dark DescentandAmnesia: A Machine For Pigs.[42]Both games are available asopen-source video gamesunderGNU GPL-3.0-or-later.[43][44]

Reception

[edit]

Amnesia: The Dark Descenthas received very positive reviews from critics, with consistent praise given for the ominous atmosphere and horror elements: "By strongly focusing on vision and hearing, the distance between player and game is radically diminished. This is technically reinforced by the game's minimal handling."[52]John WalkerofRock, Paper, Shotguneven went as far as to say that "I think it is safe to say thatAmnesiais the most successfully frightening game to have been made. "[53]X-Play addedAmnesiato its top ten PC games saying "There are a lot of so-called" horror "games out there, this one is no joke. You'll be rocking back and forth and crying in no time".[citation needed]

Frictional Games did show some trepidation over the game's initial sales after the first week,[54]but were encouraged by continued sales throughout the first month after the game's release, with Frictional recouping all the expenses from creatingAmnesiaby early October 2010.[55]By the beginning of January 2011 the developer reported that nearly 200,000 units had been sold, declaring in response that "With these figures at hand, we must confess that it gives us new confidence for the PC."[56]The game kept gaining sales and in July 2011 it had sold almost 350,000 units.[57]At the 2011Independent Games FestivalAmnesiawon awards for both "Excellence in Audio" and "Technical Excellence" along with the "Direct2Drive Vision Award" which included a $10,000 prize.[4]

A year after the original release ofAmnesia,the developers revealed that they had sold around 391,102 units and were continuing to sell about 6,000 units per month. They also released details about how much money each platform generated for them by analyzing the sales from their online store, with 70% of sales coming from Windows users and 15% coming from users of Linux and another 15% coming from users of Mac OS X. Frictional did however note that their store was the only place anyone could purchase the Linux version of the game, whereas the Mac OS X and Windows versions could be purchased from other sources, meaning that the total percentage of Linux sales is actually considerably smaller compared to other platforms taken collectively. Observing that their own Mac OS X sales did not go down from their own store even as services likeSteampicked up the game for that platform, meaning that it did not steal customers from their store but instead opened up a new market, they decided this makes a good incentive for other stores to support Linux as well.[58]As of September 2012, the game sits at an estimated 1.4 million sales.[59]

In 2011,Adventure GamersnamedAmnesiathe 34th-best adventure game ever released.[60]In 2015,Kotakuoriginally rankedAmnesiaas the 2nd best horror game of all time, beaten only byP.T.,but moved it to 1st afterP.T.was removed byKonami.[61]In 2017,GamesRadar+rankedAmnesiaas the 3rd best horror game of all time, although in a revised list in 2018, moved the game down to 13th place.[62]In 2018,The A.V. ClubrankedAmnesiaas the 7th greatest horror game of all time in a list of 35.[63]

Sequels

[edit]
Main articles:Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs,Amnesia: Rebirth,andAmnesia: The Bunker

An indirect sequel calledAmnesia: A Machine for Pigswas released on 10 September 2013,[64]developed byThe Chinese Roomand published by Frictional Games.A Machine for Pigsis an indirect sequel toThe Dark Descentwhich, while set in the same universe, takes place in an alternative history with different characters.[65]

The third game in the series, titledAmnesia: Rebirthwas announced on 6 March 2020.Rebirth,the secondAmnesiagame to be developed by Frictional Games. A gameplay reveal trailer was uploaded on 2 October 2020 to a positive reception.[66]The game was released on 20 October 2020 forPlayStation 4,LinuxandWindows.[67][68]

On 1 December 2022, the fourth game in the series, titledAmnesia: The Bunkerwas announced and was released on 6 June 2023.The Bunker,is the thirdAmnesiagame to be made by Frictional Games. The game features combat in a semi-open world, a first for the series.

References

[edit]
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Further reading

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