Andrea Carlo Ferrari
Andrea Carlo Ferrari | |
---|---|
Cardinal,Archbishop of Milan | |
![]() | |
Church | Catholic Church |
Archdiocese | Milan |
See | Milan |
Appointed | 21 May 1894 |
Term ended | 2 February 1921 |
Predecessor | Luigi Nazari di Calabiana |
Successor | Achille Ratti |
Other post(s) | Cardinal-Priest of Santa Anastasia(1894–1921) |
Previous post(s) |
|
Orders | |
Ordination | 20 December 1873 by Domenico Maria Villa |
Consecration | 29 June 1890 byLucido Maria Parocchi |
Created cardinal | 18 May 1894 byPope Leo XIII |
Rank | Cardinal-Priest |
Personal details | |
Born | Andrea Ferrari 13 August 1850 |
Died | 2 February 1921 Milan,Lombardy,Kingdom of Italy | (aged 70)
Buried | Cathedral of Milan |
Parents | Giuseppe Ferrari & Maddalena Longarini |
Motto | Tu fortitudo mea( "You are my strength" ) |
Signature | ![]() |
Coat of arms | ![]() |
Sainthood | |
Feast day |
|
Venerated in | Catholic Church |
Beatified | 10 May 1987 Saint Peter's Square,Vatican City byPope John Paul II |
Attributes |
|
Patronage |
Ordination history of Andrea Carlo Ferrari | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Andrea Ferrari(13 August 1850 – 2 February 1921) – later adopting the middle name "Carlo"– was anItalianCatholicprelatewho served as acardinaland as theArchbishop of Milanfrom 1894 until his death.[1][2]Ferrari was a well-regarded pastor and theologian who led two dioceses before being appointed to the prestigious Milanese archdiocese which he led until his death. But he was later accused ofModernismwhich led to a strained relationship withPope Pius Xwho finally reconciled with Ferrari in 1912.[3][4][5]
The cause for his canonization opened after his death in 1963 and he became titled as aServant of God.He was namedVenerablein 1975, andPope John Paul IIbeatified him in 1987.[2][1]
Life
[edit]Education and priesthood
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Blessed_Andrea_Carlo_Ferrari_-_Duomo_-_Milan_2014.jpg/210px-Blessed_Andrea_Carlo_Ferrari_-_Duomo_-_Milan_2014.jpg)
Andrea Ferrariwas born on 13 August 1850 in Lalatta (now Palanzano) in theParma provinceas the eldest of four children to theshoemakerGiuseppe Ferrari and Maddalena Longarini; hisbaptismwas celebrated on 14 August.[2]His two paternal uncles, Abbondio and Pietro, were priests serving inParma.[3]He received hisFirst Communionin 1860 from Father Giovanni Agostini and received hisConfirmationin 1866.
He felt called to serve as apriestand was educated inParmawhere he was to obtain adoctorateintheological studiesin 1883.[4]Ferrari received the first two minor orders on 18 September 1869 and the other two on 23 September 1871.[3]He received the subdiaconate on 21 September 1872 and thediaconateon 15 December 1872. He wasordainedto thepriesthoodon 20 December 1873 for theDiocese of Parmawhere he served from 1874 until 1890. He also served as thearchpriestofFornovo di Tarofrom 1874 until 1875 when he was made the vicar curate for the San Leonardo church.[3][2]
Ferrari served as theVice-Rectorfor seminarians in Parma and served also as a professor of mathematics and natural sciences in 1875 and later became its rector in 1877. He served also as a professor oftheological fundamentalsandecclesial historical sciencesas well as educating them inmoral theologicalsubjects in 1878. It was later that he published the "Summula theologiae dogmaticae generalis"in 1885 which proved to be a respected work in the field at that time and it was reprinted several times.[4]
Episcopate
[edit]In mid-1890 he was appointed as theBishop of Guastallaand he received hisepiscopal consecrationas abishopon 29 June 1890 from CardinalLucido Parocchiin the church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Villa Lante. The co-consecrators were Vincenzo Leone Sallua and Giovanni Maria Majoli.[4]He took possession of his new diocese on 3 October 1890 and was later transferred to theDiocese of Comoin mid-1891 after a brief tenure in Guastalla. In Como, he was noted for his dedication to the people and made several pastoral visits to see all his parishes. In 1894 the newspaperCorriere della Seranoted his "meticulous visits" as proper diocesan management and attentiveness while noting that "he talks well with a good voice".[2]In 1893 he supported the appointment of Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto – futurePope Pius X– asPatriarch of Veniceand was successful in securing the appointment.[1]
Cardinalate
[edit]Ferrari was elevated to the cardinalate in 1894 andPope Leo XIIInamed him as theCardinal-Priest of Santa Anastasia(the title and red hat were conferred a week after the elevation).[3]It was just a week after his elevation that he was transferred to theArchdiocese of Milanand was granted thepalliumprior to his departure; he also tookCarloas a middle name in honour ofCharles Borromeowho was a predecessor during theCounter-Reformationperiod. His private assistant while in Milan was Father Giovanni Rossi.[2]Ferrari was a strong supporter and promoter ofRerum Novarumand espoused the core themes ofsocial justicethat the pope highlighted in that document. He also enlisted the aid ofGiuseppe Tonioloto promote it and make it a theme of his professorship.[1]
His main mission in Milan was to preserve the faith of the people throughcatechesisand he made four pastoral visits as archbishop. He pushed for the publication of theCatechism of Pius Xin Milan as a step towards this aim. He also visited all parishes in his archdiocese and was attentive to the social circumstances of each parish. In addition, Ferrari held several episcopal conferences to discuss matters of ecclesial life. In 1895 he held the Archdiocesan Eucharistic Congress from 1–5 September 1895.[1]
Ferrari participated in thepapal conclave in 1903that elected Pope Pius X, and had been considered to be "papabile"for his pastoral qualities.[2][1]Ferrari petitioned the cardinals to support a pastoral candidate to become pope and began casting his votes for his old colleague Sarto. He tried to persuade Sarto to accept the election if chosen though the latter insisted that he should not be voted for and that he would not accept. But Ferrari insisted that the refusal could become harmful for the Church and painful for Sarto for the remainder of his life. ButFrancesco Satolliconvinced Sarto of the ramifications of his refusal which prompted Sarto's acceptance of the pontificate.[5]Ferrari returned to Milan on 10 August and that month travelled toCologneto meet with its archbishop CardinalAnton Hubert Fischer.
In 1908 he was inLondonatWestminsterfor thenineteenth Eucharistic Congressheld from 9–13 September.[4]In 1910 he organized festivities for the third centennial of the canonization of Charles Borromeo.[2]In 1918 he founded the Women's Youth forAzione Cattolicaand entrusted its direction toArmida Barelli.DuringWorld War Ihe formed a group that was dedicated to caring for soldiers and prisoners and was awarded in 1919 with theGrand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurizio and Lazzarofor his efforts.[4]
Ferrari was accused of "Modernism"in 1907 which was an accusation that Pope Pius X had accepted. He was no Modernist and denounced them in a pastoral letter he issued in 1908. Despite this, the accusations put him in a negative position withRomeand he decided to keep quiet so as not to attract the ire of Pius X. He had been accused of excessive liberalism and defended his archdiocese against misunderstandings that Rome held. However, this prompted a 1911 canonical investigation.[1]In 1912 the pope realized the mistake he had made and received the cardinal after this matter was resolved for a reconciliation. In 1912 he promoted the establishment of the newspaperL'Italiawhich replacedL'Unione.[3]He also partook in theconclave in 1914that electedPope Benedict XV.Ferrari was on good terms with Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli – the futurePope John XXIII.The two knew the other well and Roncalli was the one who celebrated his funeral. He was also close with Achille Ratti who was his successor in Milan and the futurePope Pius XI.Ferrari ordained as priests the future cardinalsCamillo Caccia Dominioni(1899) andCarlo Confalonieri(1916) in addition to Bishop Giorgio Giovanni Elli (1903) and ArchbishopMario Giardini(1904).
Death
[edit]Ferrari died in 1921 at 5:55pm after he finished the recitation of one of therosarieshe himself started due tothroat cancer,and was buried in thearchdiocesan cathedralunder the Sacred Heart altar.[1]The first sign of his ailment around 1918 was simple hoarseness, later diagnosed as throat cancer. His old friend Roncalli referred to him later as an "authentic saint".[2][4]InLegnanoa church was constructed from 1987 to 1989 and dedicated to him. CardinalCarlo Maria Martiniconsecrated the church in 1991.
Beatification
[edit]The Milanese came to revere Ferrari for his strong holiness and his old friend Pope John XXIII opened his cause for canonization on 10 February 1963. This came after his Milanese successorAlfredo Ildefonso Schusteropened the informative phase of investigation for his beatification in 1951.Pope Paul VI(another Milanese successor) proclaimed him to be Venerable on 1 February 1975 in recognition of his life ofheroic virtue.Pope John Paul IIbeatified Ferrari on 10 May 1987 inSaint Peter's Square.
The currentpostulatorfor this cause is theFranciscanpriest Giovangiuseppe Califano.
References
[edit]- ^abcdefgh"Beato Andrea Carlo Ferrari".Santi e Beati.Retrieved24 October2017.
- ^abcdefghi"Blessed Andrea Carlo Ferrari".Saints SQPN. 1 February 2017.Retrieved24 October2017.
- ^abcdefSalvador Miranda."Consistory of May 18, 1894".Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church.Retrieved24 October2017.
- ^abcdefg"Ferrari, Andrea Carlo, Bl".New Catholic Encyclopedia. 2003.Retrieved24 October2017.
- ^abAndrea Tornielli (2003)."The time the emperor's veto helped the election of a saintly pope".Retrieved24 October2017.
External links
[edit]- 1850 births
- 1921 deaths
- 20th-century Italian cardinals
- 19th-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops
- 19th-century venerated Christians
- 20th-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops
- 20th-century venerated Christians
- Archbishops of Milan
- Beatifications by Pope John Paul II
- Bishops of Como
- Burials at Milan Cathedral
- Deaths from cancer in Lombardy
- Deaths from laryngeal cancer
- Italian beatified people
- Cardinals created by Pope Leo XIII
- 19th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians
- Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
- Members of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre
- Clergy from the Province of Parma
- Venerated Catholics
- 20th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians
- Fellows of the American Physical Society