Anna Sewell

Anna Sewell
Anna Sewell, c. 1878
Born	(1820-03-30)30 March 1820 Great Yarmouth,Norfolk,England
Died	25 April 1878(1878-04-25)(aged 58) Old Catton,Norfolk, England
Resting place	Quakerburial ground,Lammas
Occupation	Novelist
Period	19th century
Genre	Children's literature
Parents	Mary Wright Sewell Isaac Phillip Sewell

Anna Sewell(/ˈsjuːəl/;30 March 1820 – 25 April 1878)was an Englishnovelistwho wrote the 1877 novelBlack Beauty,her only published work. It is considered one of the top ten best-selling novels for children, although the author intended it for adults.Sewell died only five months after the publication ofBlack Beauty,but long enough to see her only novel become a success.

Biography

Early life

Sewell was born on March 30, 1820, inGreat Yarmouth,Norfolk,into a devoutQuakerfamily.Her father was Isaac Phillip Sewell (1793–1879), and her mother,Mary Wright Sewell(1798–1884), was a successful author of children's books. She had one sibling, a younger brother named Philip. The children were largely educated at home by their mother due to a lack of money for schooling.

In 1822, Isaac's business, a small shop, failed and the family moved toDalston,London.Life was difficult for the family, and Isaac and Mary frequently sent Philip and Anna to stay with Mary's parents inBuxton, Norfolk.

In 1832, when she was twelve, the family moved toStoke Newingtonand Sewell attended school for the first time.At fourteen, Sewell slipped and severely injured her ankles.For the rest of her life, she could not stand without a crutch or walk for any length of time. For greater mobility, she frequently used horse-drawn carriages, which contributed to her love ofhorsesand concern for the humane treatment of animals.

Adult life

In 1836, Sewell's father took a job inBrighton,in the hope that the climate there would help cure her. At about the same time, both Sewell and her mother left theSociety of Friendsto join theChurch of England,though both remained active in evangelical circles. Her mother expressed her religious faith most noticeably by authoring a series of evangelical children's books, which Sewell helped to edit, though all the Sewells, and Mary Sewell's family, the Wrights, engaged in many other good works. Sewell assisted her mother, for example, to establish aworking men's club,and worked with her on temperance and abolitionist campaigns.

In 1845, the family moved toLancing,and Sewell's health began to deteriorate. She travelled to Europe the following year to seek treatment. On her return, the family continued to relocate – toAbson near Wickin 1858 and toBathin 1864.

In 1866, Sewell's brother Philip's wife died, leaving him with seven young children to care for, and the following year the Sewells moved toOld Catton,a village outside the city ofNorwichin Norfolk, to support him.

Black Beauty

While living in Old Catton, Sewell wrote the manuscript ofBlack Beauty– in the period between 1871 and 1877.During this time her health was declining; she was often so weak that she was confined to her bed. Writing was a challenge. She dictated the text to her mother and from 1876 began to write on slips of paper which her mother then transcribed.

The book is considered to be one of the first English novels to be written from the perspective of a non-human animal, in this case a horse. Although it is considered a children's classic, Sewell originally wrote it for those who worked with horses. She said "a special aim was to induce kindness, sympathy, and an understanding treatment of horses".In many respects the book can be read as a guide to horse husbandry, stable management and humane training practices for colts.It is considered to have had an effect on reducing cruelty to horses; for example, the use ofbearing reins,which are particularly painful for a horse, was one of the practices highlighted in the novel. In the years after the book's publication, they eventually fell out of favour.

Sewell sold the novel to Norwich publisherJarroldson 24 November 1877, when she was 57 years old.She received a single payment of £40 (£3,456 or US$4,630 in 2017) and the book was published the same year.

Death

After the publication of her only novel,Black Beauty,Sewell fell seriously ill. She was in extreme pain, discomfort and completely bedridden for the following months, and she died on April 25, 1878, aged 58 ofhepatitisortuberculosis,only five months after the publication ofBlack Beauty.She was buried on 30 April 1878 at Quaker burial ground inLamasnearBuxton, Norfolk,not far from Norwich.

Memorials and monuments

Anna Sewell's home in Old Catton

Sewell's birthplace in Church Plain, Great Yarmouth has been the home to a museum and a tea shop and is leased byRedwings Horse Sanctuary.The house inOld Cattonwhere she wroteBlack Beautyis known as Anna Sewell House.

There is an Anna Sewell memorial fountain and horse trough outside the public library inAnsonia, Connecticut,in the United States of America. It was donated byCaroline Phelps Stokes,a philanthropist known for her work supporting animal welfare, in 1892.

A memorial fountain to Sewell is located at the junction of Constitution Hill and St. Clement's Hill in Norwich, which also marks the entrance toSewell Park.The fountain was placed in 1917 by Sewell's niece Ada Sewell.

On 1 September 1984, the graveyard at Lamas was bulldozed by contractors under the direction of Mrs Wendy Forsey without prior warning or permission. Tombstones, graves and cypress trees were removed and dumped at the edge of the burial ground. The act was condemned by locals and Council Chairman John Perkins, who said: "I know the land belongs to a private person but I would almost say it was as bad as vandalism. I know Quaker ground is not consecrated, but for anybody to just pull down gravestones of any Quaker, whether it's Anna Sewell or not, well, I think it's despicable". The gravestones of Anna, her parents and maternal grandparents were subsequently placed in a flint-and-brick wall outside the old Lammas Quaker meeting house.

In 2020, a street inChichester,West Sussex,was named in Sewell's honour on the Keepers Green estate.

See also

• Sewell Park, Norwich
• Sewell Barn Theatre
• Sewell Park Academy

External links

• Works by Anna Sewell in eBook formatStandard Ebooks
• Works by Anna SewellatProject Gutenberg
• Works by or about Anna Sewellat theInternet Archive
• Works by Anna SewellatLibriVox(public domain audiobooks)