Aponeurosis
| Aponeurosis | |
|---|---|
 Lumbar aponeurosis of theVisible Human Male | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | aponeurosis (plural:aponeuroses) |
| MeSH | D000070606 |
| TA98 | A04.0.00.047 |
| TA2 | 2012 |
| FMA | 9722 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
Anaponeurosis(/ˌæpənjʊəˈroʊsɪs/;pl.:aponeuroses) is a flattened tendon[1]by which muscle attaches to bone orfascia.[2]Aponeuroses exhibit an ordered arrangement of collagen fibres, thus attaining high tensile strength in a particular direction while being vulnerable to tensional or shear forces in other directions.[1]They have a shiny, whitish-silvery color, arehistologicallysimilar totendons,and are very sparingly supplied withblood vesselsandnerves.When dissected, aponeuroses are papery and peel off by sections. The primary regions with thick aponeuroses are in theventralabdominalregion, the dorsallumbarregion, theventriculusin birds, and thepalmar(palms) andplantar(soles) regions.
Anatomy
[edit]Anterior abdominal aponeuroses
[edit]The anterior abdominal aponeuroses are located just superficial to therectus abdominis muscle.It has for its borders theexternal oblique,pectoralis muscles,and thelatissimus dorsi.
Posterior lumbar aponeuroses
[edit]The posterior lumbar aponeuroses are situated just on top of the epaxial muscles of the thorax, which aremultifidus spinaeandsacrospinalis.
Palmar and plantar aponeuroses and extensor hood
[edit]Thepalmar aponeurosesoccur on the palms of the hands. Theextensor hoodsare aponeuroses at the back of the fingers.
Theplantar aponeurosesoccur on the plantar aspect of the foot. They extend from thecalcaneal tuberositythen diverge to connect to the bones, ligaments and the dermis of the skin around the distal part of the metatarsal bones.
Anterior and posterior intercostal membranes
[edit]The anterior and posterior intercostal membranes are aponeuroses located between the ribs and are continuations of the external and internalintercostal muscles,respectively.
Scalp aponeuroses
[edit]Theepicranial aponeurosis,or galea aponeurotica, is a tough layer of dense fibrous tissue which runs from thefrontalis muscleanteriorly to theoccipitalisposteriorly.
Pennate muscles and aponeuroses
[edit]Pennate muscles,in which the muscle fibers are oriented at an angle to the line of action, typically have two aponeuroses. Muscle fibers connect one to the other, and each aponeurosis thins into atendonwhich attaches to bone at the origin or insertion site.
Function
[edit]Liketendons,aponeuroses attached to pennate muscles can be stretched by the forces of muscular contraction, absorbing energy like a spring and returning it when they recoil to unloaded conditions.[3]Also serving as an origin or insertion site for certain muscles e.g latissimus dorsi.
See also
[edit]- Aponeurosis of the obliquus externus abdominis
- Aponeurosis of theserratus posterior superior muscle
- Plantar aponeurosis
- Inguinal aponeurotic falx
- Bicipital aponeurosis
- Palatine aponeurosis
- Fascia
References
[edit]- ^abWillard FH, Vleeming A, Schuenke MD, Danneels L, Schleip R (December 2012)."The thoracolumbar fascia: anatomy, function and clinical considerations".Journal of Anatomy.221(6): 507–536.doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01511.x.PMC3512278.PMID22630613.
- ^"Definition of aponeurosis".Dictionary.Retrieved2023-05-16.
- ^Azizi E, Roberts TJ (September 2009)."Biaxial strain and variable stiffness in aponeuroses".The Journal of Physiology.587(Pt 17): 4309–4318.doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2009.173690.PMC2754367.PMID19596897.
