Archebius - Wikipedia

ArchebiusDikaios Nikephoros( "The Just and Victorious" )
Portrait of Archebios on one of histetradrachms
Indo-Greekking
Reign	90–80 BCE

Archebius Dikaios Nikephoros(Greek:Ἀρχέβιος ὁ Δίκαιος, ὁ Νικηφόρος;epithetsmean respectively, "the Just", "the Victorious"; formerly read as "Archelius"^[1]^[2]) was anIndo-Greekking who ruled in the area ofTaxila.Osmund Bopearachchidates him to c. 90–80 BCE, and R. C. Senior to about the same period. He was probably one of the last Indo-Greek kings before theSakakingMauesconquered Taxila, and a contemporary ofHermaeusin the west. He may have been a relative ofHeliokles II,who used a similar reverse and also the title Dikaios.^{[citation needed]}

Coin types[edit]

Archebius' name means "ruler of life" deriving from ἄρχω ( “to rule” ) and βίος ( "life” ).^{[citation needed]}He issued silver with diademed or helmeted king, sometimes in spear-throwing pose. On the reverse is Zeus standing facing, holding a thunderbolt or on some issues an aegis.

Archebius also struck a rare series of Attic tetradrachms, found in Bactria.

He also issued bronzes withNikeon one side and an owl on the other.

Overstrikes[edit]

Archebius overstruck two coins ofPeukolaos.

King thrusting javelin, withZeusholding thunderbolt.
Bust of Zeus, and caps of theDioscuriwith palms.

Greco-BactrianandIndo-Greekkings, territories and chronology

Based onBopearachchi(1991)^{[t 1]}

Territories/ dates	WestBactria	EastBactria	Paropamisade	Arachosia	Gandhara	Western Punjab	Eastern Punjab	Mathura^{[t 2]}
	Greco-Bactriankings		Indo-Greekkings
326-325 BCE	Campaigns of Alexander the Great in India						Nanda Empire
312 BCE	Creation of theSeleucid Empire						Creation of theMaurya Empire
305 BCE	Seleucid EmpireafterMauryan war		Maurya Empire
280 BCE	Foundation ofAi-Khanoum
255–239 BCE	Independence of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom Diodotus I		EmperorAshoka(268-232 BCE)
239–223 BCE	Diodotus II
230–200 BCE	Euthydemus I
200–190 BCE	Demetrius I				Sunga Empire
190-185 BCE	Euthydemus II
190–180 BCE	Agathocles			Pantaleon
185–170 BCE	Antimachus I
180–160 BCE			Apollodotus I
175–170 BCE	Demetrius II
160–155 BCE			Antimachus II
170–145 BCE	Eucratides I
155–130 BCE	Yuezhioccupation, loss ofAi-Khanoum	Eucratides II Plato Heliocles I	Menander I
130–120 BCE	Yuezhioccupation		Zoilus I		Agathoclea			Yavanarajya inscription
120–110 BCE			Lysias		Strato I
110–100 BCE			Antialcidas		Heliocles II
100 BCE			Polyxenus		Demetrius III
100–95 BCE			Philoxenus
95–90 BCE			Diomedes	Amyntas		Epander
90 BCE			Theophilus	Peucolaus		Thraso
90–85 BCE			Nicias	Menander II		Artemidorus
90–70 BCE			Hermaeus	Archebius
			Yuezhioccupation		Maues(Indo-Scythian)
75–70 BCE				Vonones	Telephus	Apollodotus II
65–55 BCE				Spalirises		Hippostratus	Dionysius
55–35 BCE					Azes I(Indo-Scythians)		Zoilus II
55–35 BCE					Vijayamitra/Azilises		Apollophanes
25 BCE – 10 CE				Gondophares	Zeionises	Kharahostes	Strato II Strato III
				Gondophares(Indo-Parthian)			Rajuvula(Indo-Scythian)
			Kujula Kadphises(Kushan Empire)				Bhadayasa (Indo-Scythian)	Sodasa (Indo-Scythian)
^O. Bopearachchi, "Monnaies gréco-bactriennes et indo-grecques, Catalogue raisonné", Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, 1991, p.453 ^Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie (2 April 2019)."History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE".BRILL – via Google Books.

References[edit]

^"In the Masson collection of 1836 were found Archebius ( read at the time as 'Archelius')" inImam, Abu (1966).Sir Alexander Cunningham and the Beginnings of Indian Archaeology.Asiatic Society of Pakistan. p. 134.
^Prinsep, James.Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol V 1836.pp. 548–549.

The Shape of Ancient Thought. Comparative studies in Greek and Indian Philosophiesby Thomas McEvilley (Allworth Press and the School of Visual Arts, 2002)ISBN 1-58115-203-5
Buddhism in Central Asiaby B. N. Puri (Motilal Banarsidass Pub, January 1, 2000)ISBN 81-208-0372-8
The Greeks in Bactria and Indiaby W. W. Tarn, Cambridge University Press.

External links[edit]

Preceded by Menander II as ruler in Arachosia and Gandhara	Indo-Greekruler inArachosia,GandharaandPunjab 90–80 BCE	Succeeded by Maues asIndo-Scythianking
Preceded by Artemidoros as ruler in Punjab

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