Arcot, Tamil Nadu

"Arcot" redirects here. For other uses, seeArcot (disambiguation).

Arcot Vellore Metropolitan Area
Town
Arcot
18th CenturyArcot Gate
Arcot Arcot, Tamil Nadu
Coordinates:12.904700°N 79.323800°E/12.904700; 79.323800
Country	India
State	Tamil Nadu
District	Ranipet district
Urban Area	Vellore Metropolitan Area / Greater Vellore City Municipal Corporation
Named for	Biriyani and Makkan Beda
Taluks	Arcot
Government
• Type	First Grade Municipality
• Body	Arcot Municipality
• Lok Sabha constituency	Arakkonam (Lok Sabha constituency)(DMK)
• Member of Legislative Assembly	J.L.Eswarappan
Area
• Total	13.64 km2(5.27 sq mi)
Elevation	194 m (636 ft)
Population (2020)
• Total	129,640
• Density	9,500/km2(25,000/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Tamil
Time zone	UTC+5:30(IST)
PIN	632503
Telephone code	04172
Vehicle registration	TN 73
Lok Sabhaconstituency	Arakkonam
Civic agency	Arcot Municipality
Website	www.tnurbantree.tn.gov.in/arcot/

Arcot(natively spelt asĀrkāḍu) is a town and urban area ofRanipet districtin thestateofTamil Nadu,India. Located on the southern banks ofPalar River,the city straddles atrade routebetweenChennaiandBangaloreorSalem,between the Mysore Ghat and theJavadi Hills(Javvadhu malai). It is a Tri-City with the adjacent municipalities ofWalajapetandRanipet.

The sweet makkan peda is a local speciality while Arcotbiryani,a rice-based traditional food, is also served here.

Etymology

Arcotis the anglicized form of the Tamil wordārkāḍ,which is commonly believed to have been derived from the Tamil wordsaaru(River) +kaadu(forest). However,arkaadumeant 'a forest of fig trees'.

Jainism was flourishing in this part of Tamil Land who were otherwise known as Arugar most probably corrupted form of Arhants or the perfected souls. The word Arugar is found in many ancient literary works and places dominant with Arugars were related to them viz Arakonam, Arumbakkam, Aruvur, etc. Not far away from present day Arcot, there is a place called Arungundram. Hence Aarkaadu would have derived its name from Arugarkaadu.

History

Carnatic

See also:Nawab of the Carnatic

The town's strategic location has led to it being repeatedly contested and prompted the construction of a formidable fortress. TheNawabdom of the Carnaticwas established by theMughal EmperorAurangzeb,who in 1692 appointedZulfiqar Ali Khanas the firstNawabof theCarnatic.In 1740, theMarathaforces came down upon Arcot. They attacked the Nawab, Dost Ali in the pass of Damalcherry. In the war that followed, Dost Ali, one of his sons Hasan Ali, and a number of prominent persons lost their lives. This initial success at once enhanced Maratha prestige in the south. From Damalcherry the Marathas proceeded to Arcot. It surrendered to them without much resistance. Chanda Saheb and his son were arrested and sent to Nagpur. In 1751, The English captured the town during the conflict between the United Kingdom and France for control ofSouth India.The English successfully held it with only 500 men against the French and the Nawab,resisting for 56 days(23 September to 14 November 1751). The enemy army eventually dissolved and its leader,Chanda Shahib,was killed.Mohammed Ali Khan Walajahtook over as Nawab who allied with the British. His successors soon ran up enormous debts at the hands of English speculators. In 1801, the town was annexed by theBritish East India Company.

In the 20th century, Arcot declined in importance and was incorporated intoVellore District.Arcot has the tomb of the famous 18th-century Sufi Saint Tipu Mastan Aulia. The story goes that from the blessings of Tipu Mastan Aulia, Hyder Ali had a sonTippu SultanofMysore,whom he appropriately named after the saint.

In Kaspa, Sri Vaikuntha Varadharaja Perumal Temple is situated. The speciality of this temple is that it is the only temple where the Lord Vishnu statue is erected in the middle with Sri Devi and Bhumadevi at its sides. This type of posture of Lord Perumal is only present in this temple. Moreover, the three statues are designed using a single stone. This temple was built during thePallavaera.

Geography

Arcot is located at12.9°N 79.33°E/12.9; 79.33.It has an average elevation of 164 metres (538 ft).

Government

Arcot Municipality was constituted in 1959. It had Third Grade Municipality and was subsequently upgraded to second Grade Municipality in 1973. In July 1998, it was upgraded to I Grade Municipality. The selected council with 30 members and chairpersons have functioned from 25 October 2006.

The first grade commissioner is working as Executive Authority of the Municipal Administration with the Regional Director of Municipal Administration, Vellore and Collector of Vellore District and overall control by the Commissioner of Municipal Administration are functioning administrative head of this urban local body.

Arcot Town has a 13.64 km²area with a population of 129,640 as per the recent census. The Municipal office is situated nearly 1/4 km east from the bus stand.

Arcot town is an historical town with monuments and forts once ruled by Arcot Navab. The town is located on the southern bank of Palar river, easily accessible from the capital of Tamil Nadu. Chennai is within 120 km and the district headquarters are within 25 km.

Arcot has been developing as a commercial centre for long time as it is connected toChennaiandVelloreby the National Highways-46RanipettoKrishnagiriRoad (AranitoChennai) passing through this town. Arcot is famous for the coarse rice variety called "arcot kicheli", and thus several rice mills and paddy mundys were established. Besides this, tourists see nick beauty namelyDelhi Gateand green stone mosque within the town. This generates floating population to this town.

Arcot (State Assembly Constituency)is part ofArakkonam (Lok Sabha constituency).

Economy

Arcot is the principal market for the surrounding agricultural area. It also has a viable localweavingindustry, and groundnut oil industry. Arcot is most famous for edible oil production, mainly focusing on groundnut and gingelly oil production. A number of oil expellers are available in and around Arcot. Certain caste of people are more dominant and involved in this edible oil business.

Culture

The people who lived in the Arcot region, especially in and near the temple town ofTiruvannamalai,belonged to a clan called the Arcots. The Nawabs fought with and ruled over them for a long period. With the establishment of theDanish Missionary Society,many of these Arcots converted Christians. The Danish Missionary Society (DMS, currently Dan Mission) established many schools and hospitals. The first missionary of the DMS was the German Rev. C.C.E. Ochs. He started his first mission station, Bethanien, at Melpattambakkam inSouth Arcotin 1861. Now all its activities have been transferred to the nearby town of Nellikuppam.

The second mission station of DMS was opened atTirukkoyilurin 1869 by Rev. P. Andersen and was called "Siloam". Siloam church was consecrated on 10 October 1886 and on the same day the first Indian pastors were ordained and more than 30 persons were baptized. A week later a church was consecrated in an outstation, Sengalmedu. The beautiful church in Pop ham's Broadway in Madras was built in 1892.

Saron, a third mission station of DMS, was opened in 1882 and situated just outside the town Tiruvannamalai. In 1898 a mission station was built in the town. From 1905 it was called "Carmel." The fourth mission station in the Arcot District, "Bethesda," in Kallakurichi was built in 1893 by Rev. A. Larsen. Later DMS started mission stations at Panruti, Vriddhachalam, Devanampatnam, Darisanapuram, and Servaroj Hills, etc. In 1913 a church constitution was inaugurated. This church is serving the Tamil-speaking population in the districts of South andNorth Arcot,Tamil Nadu.Mayana Kollaiis celebrated here. People paint themselves and appear as gods having goat flesh in their mouths and drumsticks in their hands. They walk over the bazaar street towards the burial ground.

Eassayanoor Valavanoor. Ramzan and Bakrid festivals celebrate in grand manner.

Currently traditional and farmers' festival is Pongal, Tamil New Year And Diwali.

Demographics

Religious census
Religion			Percent(%)
Hindu			84.65%
Muslim			15.89%
Christian			0.77%
Sikh			0.01%
Buddhist			0.0%
Jain			0.51%
Other			0.16%
No religion			0.01%

According to2011 census,Arcot had a population of 129,640 including Tajpura and Veppur revenue villages under the municipality control with a sex-ratio of 1,014 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.A total of 7,174 were under the age of six, constituting 3,249 males and 3,925 females.Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribesaccounted for 10.31% and.15% of the population respectively 75% of the population in this town belongs to Backward peoples. The average literacy of the town was 79.32%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.The town had a total of 16781 households. There were a total of 20,418 workers, comprising 48 cultivators, 166 main agricultural labourers, 1,273 in house hold industries, 17,782 other workers, 1,149 marginal workers, 12 marginal cultivators, 25 marginal agricultural labourers, 142 marginal workers in household industries and 970 other marginal workers.As per the religious census of 2011, Arcot had 70.5%Hindus,25%Muslims,0.77%Christians,0.01%Sikhs,0.%Buddhists,0.51%Jains,0.16% following other religions and 0.01% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.

Transport

The main mode of transport is by bus since it is economical, and well connected by road. A national highway and two state highways pass through Arcot. There are frequent buses to almost all parts of Tamil Nadu. Buses depart every 15 minutes from Arcot toChennaiand there are also buses toHosur,Bangalore,Tirupathi,Arani,TiruvannamalaiandPondicherry(Puducherry). There are lot of private bus operators as well, who provide services on local and short-distance routes. The nearest railway station to Arcot is Walaja Road, which is around 7 km from Arcot. There are buses (Route 202) betweenAraniandChennaivery frequently and also a straight bus (Route 123) between Arcot andChennai.The local bus from Arcot toVelloreis route no.7.

The nearest railway station is walajah Road station 6 km from the town, lying betweenArakkonamandVellore-Katpadi Junction30 km. The new broad gauge line fromTindivanamtoNagarivia Walajah Road Junction will pass throughArcot.It will function within one year.

The city has anairstripnear Abdullapuram; as of 2010it was not open to the public and was used for aeronautical training programmes. The nearest international airports areChennai International Airport(100 km) andBengaluru International Airport(258 km); the nearest domestic airport isTirupati Airport(90 km).

Urban Area

Vellore Metropolitan Area

Places of interest

1. Palar Dam
2. Delhi gate
3. Green Mosque
4. Raja Rani Pond
5. Panja pandavar hill

External links

• Vellore portal
• "Arcot."Encyclopædia Britannica(2005)
• "Arcot."The Columbia Encyclopedia(2004)
• "Arcot (S. India)".The Companion to British History,Routledge (2001)
• "Arcot".The Hobson Jobson Dictionary(1902)