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Aromanian literature

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Cover ofPoezii( "Poems" ), a collection of poems by theAromanianpoetNuși Tulliu,published in 1926
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Aromanian literature(Aromanian:Literatura armãneascã) is literature written in theAromanian language.The first authors to write in Aromanian appeared during the second half of the 18th century in the metropolis ofMoscopole(Theodore Kavalliotis,Daniel MoscopolitesandConstantin Ucuta), with a true cultured literature in Aromanian being born in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Notable authors includeConstantin Belimace,author of the well-known anthem of theAromaniansDimãndarea pãrinteascã( "The Will of the Forefathers" );Nuși Tulliu,whosenovelMirmintsã fãrã crutsi( "Graves Without Crosses" ) was the first in Aromanian; andLeon Boga,whose 150-sonnetsepic poemVoshopolea( "Moscopole" ) founded the Aromanian literary trend of the utopian Moscopole. Intheatre,Toma Enachehas excelled.

History

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In the 18th century, the first authors who wrote and published their works in theAromanian languageappeared inMoscopole,[1]an importantAromanian-inhabited commercial and industrial center during the 18th-centuryOttoman Empire.[2]These authors wereTheodore Kavalliotis,Daniel MoscopolitesandConstantin Ucuta,followed in the beginning of the 19th century byGheorghe Constantin RojaandMihail G. Boiagi.Also dated at around this period are the anonymous manuscripts of theAromanian Missaland theCodex Dimonie.[3]Some authors, including theRomanian AromanianhistorianStoica Lascu,have referred to this period in the second half of the 18th century as the "first Aromanian renaissance", which would have taken place due to the influence of the ideas of theAge of Enlightenmentand the assumption of an ethnic and linguistic identity other than theGreekone by these early authors.[4]

Theversesof the inscription of theSimota Vaserepresent the first knownpoemin Aromanian,[5]being dated to the 18th century.[6]According to the Romanian Aromanian professor Gheorghe Carageani, a true and cultured Aromanian literature was born in the late 19th and early 20th centuries,[7]with the first Aromanian poet being Mihail Nicolescu fromMagarevo(MagaruvaorMãgãreva).[7][8]He was followed by other poets, includingZicu Araia,Nicolae Constantin Batzaria,Constantin Belimace,Marcu Beza,George Ceara,Constantin I. Cosmescu,George Murnu,Nuși TulliuandNicolae Velo.All of these were students atRomanian schools in the Balkans,with their works showing some influence from theRomanian language.[9]The best-known poem in Aromanian is Belimace's 1888Dimãndarea pãrinteascã( "The Will of the Forefathers" ), which is today considered an anthem for the Aromanians.[10]Tulliu'snovelMirmintsã fãrã crutsi( "Graves Without Crosses" ) was the first Aromanian-language novel.[11]

In 1922, the Romanian Aromanian folklorist and linguistTache Papahagipublished hisAntologie aromânească( "Aromanian Anthology" ), ananthologyfeaturing a selection of Aromanian folk literary texts (proverbs, riddles, lyrical poems,ballads,legends, stories, traditions andfairy tales), cultured literature (extracts from works by Araia, Batzaria, Belimace, Beza,Leon Boga,Tache Caciona,Ceara,Ion Foti,Murnu, Tulliu, Velo and others),folk musicand a glossary.[12]

The aforementioned Moscopole was largely devastated and destroyed in the second half of the 18th century.Aromanian nationalistsdeveloped an utopian dream surrounding Moscopole, and the former metropolis came to be regarded as a "golden age" in thehistory of the Aromanians.[13]With the birth of Aromanian literature, many Aromanian writers, predominantly young Aromanians educated in Romanian schools, began to write articles, poems and stories inAromanian publicationsabout an utopic Moscopole. Feelings and elements such as love, nostalgia, superstitions, mentalities, emotions and everyday aspects of life were predominant in these writings,[14]with depression and nostalgia for the city being the protagonists in this literary phenomenon.[15]The founder of this literary trend was Boga with hisepic poemof 150sonnetsVoshopolea( "Moscopole" ), with other Aromanian writers who wrote on Moscopole including Batzaria,[16]Nicolae Caratană[bg;ro;rup],Foti,Kira Mantsuand Velo.[17]

Regardingtheatre,since his graduation from the Faculty of Theatre of theCaragiale National University of Theatre and Filmin 1997, the Romanian Aromanian film director and actorToma Enachehas made several theatrical performances inRomaniaand other countries in Aromanian, having also translated theatrical plays into the language. He has also written poetry and translated poems into Aromanian.[18]

See also

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^Bardu 2007,p. 94.
  2. ^Bardu 2007,p. 93.
  3. ^Bardu 2007,pp. 94–95.
  4. ^Lascu 2016,pp. 73–74.
  5. ^Caragiu Marioțeanu 1962,p. 113.
  6. ^Caragiu Marioțeanu 1962,p. 119.
  7. ^abCarageani 1999,p. 50.
  8. ^Capidan 1932,p. 91.
  9. ^Carageani 1999,pp. 50–51.
  10. ^Kahl 2002,p. 148.
  11. ^Cuvata 2001,p. 55.
  12. ^Cojocaru 2007,p. 730.
  13. ^Lambru 2001,p. 75.
  14. ^Lambru 2001,p. 65.
  15. ^Lambru 2001,p. 55.
  16. ^Lambru 2001,p. 66.
  17. ^Lambru 2001,p. 67.
  18. ^Godja, Dani (5 October 2019)."Regizorul Toma Enache ne povestește adevăruri pe care nu avem voie să le uităm"(in Romanian). Elita României.

Bibliography

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