Arria gens
Thegens Arriawas aplebeianfamily ofancient Rome,first recorded in the final century of theRepublic,and prestigious duringimperial times.The first of thegensto achieve prominence wasQuintus Arrius,praetorin 72 BC.[1]
Origin
[edit]The Arrii were probably of Oscan descent, as theirnomenappears to beOscan.[2]They probably came to Rome some time during the middle or late Republic;Cicerodescribes the first of the Arrii mentioned in history as a man of low birth, who achieved his station through hard work, rather than by education or talent.[3]
Praenomina
[edit]The Arrii of the Republic used thepraenominaQuintus,Gaius,andMarcus.Gnaeusoccurs in imperial times.
Branches and cognomina
[edit]None of the Arrii during the Republic bore anycognomen.In imperial times, we find the surnamesGallus,Varus,andAper.GallusandAperbelong to a widespread class of surnames derived from familiar objects and animals;Apersignified a wild boar, whileGallusrefers to a cockerel, although it could also refer to aGaul,indicating someone of Gallic descent or association.Varus,"knock-kneed", was originally given to someone whose legs wereturned inward.[4][5]
Members
[edit]- This list includes abbreviatedpraenomina.For an explanation of this practice, seefiliation.
- Quintus Arrius,praetorin 73 BC, and apparentlypropraetorin the following year, during theThird Servile War.He inflicted a devastating defeat againstCrixus,but was in turn defeated bySpartacus.He died while on his way to take up the government ofSicily.[6][7][8][9][10]
- Quintus Arrius Q. f.,a friend of Cicero, sought theconsulshipin 59 BC, but was unsuccessful.[11]
- Gaius Arrius, a neighbor of Cicero atFormiae,whose persistent company in 59 BC proved to be a nuisance.[12]
- Marcus Arrius Q. f. Secundus,triumvir monetalisin 41 BC.
- Arria,set an example for her husband,Caecina Paetus,whomClaudiushad ordered to take his own life. Stabbing herself, she handed Paetus the dagger, claiming that the act caused her no pain.[13][14][15][16]
- Arrius Varus,praetorian prefectin AD 69, following the death ofVitellius.
- Gnaeus Arrius Antoninus,consulsuffectusin AD 69, from the Kalends of July to the Kalends of September. He was a grandfather ofAntoninus Pius.[17][18]
- Marcus Arrius Diomedes,a citizen whose tomb was found atPompeii.It is believed that the massivehouse down the road from the tombwas his house. He was probably descended from or was a freedman of the Arrii.
- Gnaeus Arrius Augur,consul in AD 121.[19]
- Gnaeus Arrius Cornelius Proculus,governor ofLycia and Pamphyliafrom AD 139 to 141, and consulsuffectusfor the months of May and June in 145.[20]
- Arria (possibly Arria Flavia, Flavia Arria or Manlia Arria) wife ofMarcus Nonius Macrinus.[21]
- Arria Flavia Veria Priscilla, 2nd-century wife of a man named Acillius.[22]
- Arria,aPlatonicphilosopher.[23]
- Lucius Arrius Flavius Aper,praetorian prefect, and father-in-law of the emperorNumerian,whom Aper secretly murdered as the army was retreating from Persia in AD 284. Aper attempted to conceal the emperor's death, but when his deed was exposed, the soldiers acclaimedDiocletianemperor, and Aper was put to death.[24][25][26]
- Arria L. f., wife of emperorNumerian
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology,vol. I, p. 350 ( "Arria Gens").
- ^Chase, p. 127.
- ^Cicero,Brutus,69.
- ^Chase, pp. 109, 112–114.
- ^New College Latin & English Dictionary,s. v. aper, gallus.
- ^Livy,Epitome,96.
- ^Cicero,In Verrem,ii. 15, iv. 20,De Divinatione,p. 383 (ed.Orelli),Brutus,69.
- ^Pseudo-Asconius,In Ciceronis de Divinatione,p. 101 (ed. Orelli).
- ^Scholia Gronoviana,In Ciceronis de Divinatione,p. 383 (ed. Orelli).
- ^Broughton, vol. II, pp. 109, 117.
- ^Cicero,Epistulae ad Atticum,ii. 5, 7,In Vatinium Testem,12,Pro Milone,17,Epistulae ad Quintum Fratrem,i. 3.
- ^Cicero,Epistulae ad Atticum,ii. 14, 15.
- ^Pliny the Younger,Epistulae,iii. 16.
- ^Cassius Dio, lx. 16.
- ^Martial,Epigrams,i. 14.
- ^Joannes Zonaras,Epitome Historiarumxi. 9.
- ^Tacitus,Historiae,i. 77.
- ^AE1991, 477;1993, 461; 1999, 448.
- ^Smallwood,Principates of Nerva, Trajan, and Hadrian.
- ^Eck, "Die Fasti consulares der Regierungszeit des Antoninus Pius", p. 74.
- ^Borg, Barbara (2019).Roman Tombs and the Art of Commemoration: Contextual Approaches to Funerary Customs in the Second Century CE.Cambridge University Press. p. 35.ISBN9781108472838.
- ^Marucchi, Orazio (1903).Éléments d'archéologie chrétienne...(in Italian). Deselée. Lefebvre & Cie. p. 425.
- ^Galen,De Theriaca, ad Pisonem,2, vol. ii. p. 485 (ed. Basil).
- ^Flavius Vopiscus, "The Life of Numerian", 12–14.
- ^Aurelius Victor,De Caesaribus,38, 39,Epitome De Caesaribus,38.
- ^Eutropius, ix. 12, 13.
Bibliography
[edit]- Marcus Tullius Cicero,Brutus,De Divinatione,Epistulae ad Atticum,Epistulae ad Quintum Fratrem,In Vatinium Testem,In Verrem,Pro Milone.
- Pseudo-Asconius,Commentarius in Oratorio Ciceronis De Divinatione(Commentary on Cicero'sDe Divinatione).
- Scholia Gronoviana,In Ciceronis De Divinatione(Commentary on Cicero's OrationDe Divinatione).
- Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (Pliny the Younger),Epistulae(Letters).
- Marcus Valerius Martialis(Martial),Epigrammata(Epigrams).
- Publius Cornelius Tacitus,Annales,Historiae.
- Aelius Galenus (Galen),De Theriaca, ad Pisonem.
- Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus (Cassius Dio),Roman History.
- Aelius Lampridius, Aelius Spartianus, Flavius Vopiscus, Julius Capitolinus, Trebellius Pollio, and Vulcatius Gallicanus,Historia Augusta(Augustan History).
- Eutropius,Breviarium Historiae Romanae(Abridgement of the History of Rome).
- Sextus Aurelius Victor,De Caesaribus(On the Caesars),Epitome de Caesaribus(attributed).
- Joannes Zonaras,Epitome Historiarum(Epitome of History).
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology,William Smith,ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849).
- René Cagnatet alii,L'Année épigraphique(The Year in Epigraphy, abbreviatedAE), Presses Universitaires de France (1888–present).
- George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", inHarvard Studies in Classical Philology,vol. VIII, pp. 103–184 (1897).
- T. Robert S. Broughton,The Magistrates of the Roman Republic,American Philological Association (1952–1986).
- E. Mary Smallwood,Documents Illustrating the Principates of Nerva, Trajan, and Hadrian,Cambridge University Press (1966).
- John C. Traupman,The New College Latin & English Dictionary,Bantam Books, New York (1995).
- Werner Eck,"Die Fasti consulares der Regierungszeit des Antoninus Pius, eine Bestandsaufnahme seit Géza Alföldys Konsulat und Senatorenstand" (The Consular Fasti for the Reign of Antoninus Pius: an Inventory since Géza Alföldy'sKonsulat und Senatorenstand), inStudia Epigraphica in Memoriam Géza Alföldy,Werner Eck, Bence Fehér, Péter Kovács, eds., Bonn, pp. 69–90 (2013).