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Asghar Farhadi

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Asghar Farhadi
Farhadi at the 2018Stockholm International Film Festival
Born(1972-05-07)7 May 1972(age 52)
Homayoon Shahr,Isfahan Province,Imperial State of Iran
Alma materTarbiat Modares University
University of Tehran
Occupations
  • Film director
  • screenwriter
  • film producer
Years active1997–present
Notable workAbout Elly(2009)
A Separation(2011)
The Past(2013)
The Salesman(2016)
Everybody Knows(2018)
A Hero(2021)
Spouse
​
(m.1990)​
Children2, includingSarina Farhadi

Asghar Farhadi(Persian:اصغر فرهادی,[æsˈɢæɾɛfæɾhɑːˈdiː]ⓘ;born 7 May 1972)[1]is an Iranianfilm directorandscreenwriter.He is considered one of the most prominent filmmakers ofIranian cinemaas well asworld cinemain the 21st century. His films have gained recognition for their focus on the human condition, and portrayals of intimate and challenging stories of internal family conflicts. In 2012, he was included on the annualTime100list of the most influential people in the world.[2]That same year, he also received theLegion of Honourfrom France.

Farhadi made his directorial film debut with thedramaDancing in the Dust(2003) followed byThe Beautiful City(2004) andFireworks Wednesday(2006). He gained acclaim for his filmAbout Elly(2009) earning aSilver Bear for Best Director.He rose to greater prominence becoming one of the few directors worldwide to have won theAcademy Award for Best International Feature Filmtwice, for the family dramaA Separation(2011) and the moral dramaThe Salesman(2016), the latter of which also received theCannes Film Festival Award for Best Screenplay.

He also gained acclaim for his filmsThe Past(2013) which was filmed in France andEverybody Knows(2018) which was filmed in Spain. He returned to Iran withA Hero(2021), which earned Farhadi theCannes Film Festival's Grand Prix.[3]

Early life and education[edit]

Farhadi was born inHomayoon Shahr,a city located in theIsfahan Provincenear thecityofIsfahan.[4]At the age of 15, in 1987, he joined the Isfahan branch office of theIranian Youth Cinema Society,which had been established for 4 years earlier and he made several short films.[5]He is also a graduate of theatre, with aBAin dramatic arts andMAinstage directionfromUniversity of TehranandTarbiat Modares University,respectively.[6]

Career[edit]

2003–2009: Rise to prominence[edit]

At the start of his career, Farhadi made numerous short8 mmand16 mmfilms in the Isfahan branch of the Iranian Young Cinema Society before moving on to writing plays and screenplays forIRIB.He also directed such TV series asA Tale of a Cityand co-wrote the screenplay forEbrahim Hatamikia'sLow Heights.In 2003, Farhadi made his feature film debut withDancing in the Dustabout a man having trouble raising money for his marriage dowry installements.[7]Deborah Young ofVarietypraised Farhadi as an emerging filmmaker writing, "Dispensing with heavyhanded symbolism, Farhadi tells the tale engrossingly and with a lot of physicality through the two main actors".[8]The film earned Farhadi a nomination at the25th Moscow International Film Festivaland three awards at theAsia-Pacific Film Festivalincluding Best Director, Best Screenplay and Best Supporting Actor forFaramarz Gharibian.

Farhadi's sophmore effort wasThe Beautiful Cityabout a man celebrating his 18th birthday in a detention center while being in prison for murder. The film won praise for Farhadi's intricate commentary on Iran’sIslamic judicial system.Ronnie Scheib ofVarietywrote, "Farhadi launches a simple-seeming quest through all manner of obstacles and complications, each detour greatly altering the nature of the journey".[9]Farhadi won the Grand Prix at theWarsaw Film Festival.With his third film,Fireworks Wednesday,Farhadi won the Gold Hugo at the 2006Chicago International Film Festival.Set amongst the days before thePersian New Year,people set off fireworks following an ancientZoroastriantradition. A domestic dispute ensues. Geoff Andrew ofTime Outdeclared, "What distinguishes the film is the way Farhadi keeps us guessing from as to what exactly is happening and why; repeatedly shifting our point of view, he forces us to question our assumptions about characters and their reliability. This compelling, corrosive account of male-female relationships in today’s Tehran is tempered by genuine compassion for the individuals concerned; wisely, Farhadi never serves judgement on them in their troubled pursuit of truth, love and happiness. Intelligent, illuminating and directed with unflashy expertise."[10]

In 2009, Farhadi directed his fourth film,About Ellywhich tacklesmiddle class familiesinIran.The film earned critical acclaim withPeter BradshawofThe Guardiandescribing it as "an absorbing picture, powerfully acted, disturbing and suspenseful". He also compared the film toRoman Polanski'sKnife in the Water(1962) andMichaelangelo Antonioni'sL'Avventura(1960) adding, "Farhadi also hasMichael Haneke's beady eye for the dynamics and symptoms of group guilt. "[11]The film won Farhadi theSilver Bear for Best Directorat the 59th InternationalBerlin Film Festivaland also Best Picture at theTribeca Film Festival.The latter film is about a group ofIranianswho take a trip to the Iranian beaches ofCaspian Seathat turns tragic.Film theoristand criticDavid Bordwellhas calledAbout Ellya masterpiece.[12]

2011–2016: Breakthrough and acclaim[edit]

Farhadi in 2009

His filmA Separationpremiered on 9 February 2011 at the 29thFajr International Film FestivalinTehranand received critical acclaim from the Iran Society of Film Critics. It earned Farhadi four awards, including Best Director (for the third time afterFireworks WednesdayandAbout Elly). On 15 February 2011, it also played in competition at the61st Berlin International Film Festival,which received aGolden Bearfor best film, becoming the first Iranian film to win that award. In June 2011,A Separationwon theSydney Film Prizein competition withThe Tree of Life,directed byTerrence Malick.[13]It also won the Best Film award at the 2011Asia Pacific Screen Awards.Roger Ebertpraised the Farhadi's on his nuanced depiction of Iranian culture writing, "[He] provides a useful portrait of Iran today. Some inflamed American political rhetoric has portrayed it as a rogue nation eager to start nuclear war...this film portrays a more nuanced nation, and its decent characters are trying to do the right thing. To untangle right and wrong in this fascinating story is a moral challenge."[14]Bob MondelloofNPRalso praised Farhadi writing, "Consider[ing] how heavily censored filmmakers are in Iran, director Asghar Farhadi's accomplishment starts to seem downright astonishing". Mondello described the film as "a beautifully crafted [and] fascinating film".[15]

On 19 December 2011, Farhadi was announced as being ajurymember for the62nd Berlin International Film Festival,which was held in February 2012.[16]On 15 January 2012,A Separationwon theGolden Globefor the Best Foreign Language Film.[17]The film was also the official Iranian submission for theBest Foreign Language Filmat the2012 Academy Awardswhere, in addition to beingnominated[18]in this category, it was also nominated in theBest Original Screenplaycategory. On 26 February 2012,A Separationbecame the first Iranian movie to win theAcademy Award for Best International Feature Film,at the84th Academy Awards.This marked Farhadi as the first Iranian to have won anAcademy Awardin any competitive category.[19]Farhadi also received praised for his film fromSteven Spielberg,David Fincher,Meryl StreepandWoody Allen.[20]He was invited to join theAcademy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciencesin June 2012, along with 175 other members.[21]A Separationalso won theCésar Award for Best Foreign Filmand theIndependent Spirit Award for Best International Filmin 2012.

Farhadi,Berenice Bejoand the cast ofThe Pastat the2013 Cannes Film Festival

In 2013, Farhadi's filmThe PaststarringBérénice BejoandTahar Rahimwas released. This would be Farhadi's first film in the French language. The film competed for thePalme d'Orat the2013 Cannes Film Festival.[22]Bejo won theBest Actress Awardat Cannes for her performance in the film.[23][24]The film received critical acclaim. It holds a 93% rating onreview aggregatorwebsiteRotten Tomatoes,based on 144 reviews with aweighted averagescore of 8.2/10 and the site's consensus: "Beautifully written, sensitively directed, and powerfully acted,The Pastserves as another compelling testament to Asghar Farhadi's gift for finely layered drama. "[25]OnMetacritic,the film has anormalized scoreof 85 out of 100 based on 41 reviews.[26]The film received aGolden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Filmand was selected as the Iranian entry for theBest Foreign Language Filmat the86th Academy Awards,but it was not nominated.[27]

His 2016 filmThe Salesman,starringShahab HosseiniandTaraneh Alidoosti,competed for thePalme d'Orat the2016 Cannes Film Festival,where it won two awards:Best Actorfor Shahab Hosseini andBest Screenplayfor Farhadi.[28]The film revolves around a married couple whose life is upended after the wife isassaulted.The human attempted to find the attacker while she struggles to cope withpost-traumatic stress.During this the husband attempts to performArthur Miller's 1949 playDeath of a Salesmanon stage. Farhadi chose Miller's play as hisstory within a storybased on shared themes. He also compared the film to theGeorge StevensfilmA Place in the Sun(1951).[29]The film was a co-production between Iran and France, the film was shot inTehran,beginning in 2015. David Sims ofThe Atlanticpraised Farhadi writing, "Rather, he wants to explore the terrifying speed with which conflict can disrupt our mundane lives, and the unconscious need we possess to slip into more outsized roles." Sims added "The Salesmanis a typically wrenching film one that morphs from a quiet family drama to a low-key tale of revenge, and is all the more impressive for how seamlessly it executes that shift. "[30]

Farhadi at a press conference forThe Salesman(2016)

On 26 February 2017, Farhadi won his secondOscarforAcademy Award for Best International Feature FilmforThe Salesmanat the89th Academy Awards.The Salesmanhad already won the award for theBest Screenplayat theCannes Film Festival.Following the thenPresident of the United States of AmericaDonald Trump'sexecutive orderbarring Iranians from entering the country, Farhadi said he would not attend the 2017 Academy Awards, despite being nominated and winning for the best foreign-language film.[31]He announced that two prominent Iranian Americans,Anousheh AnsariandFirouz Naderiwould represent him in the ceremony.[4]Anousheh Ansari is famed for being the first female space tourist and first Iranian in space, and Naderi as director of Solar Systems Exploration atNASA.[32]A few hours before the ceremony, he addressed a group of protesters in London via a video link from Iran. The Mayor of London,Sadiq Khan,screened the movie publicly inTrafalgar Squareas a celebration of the city's diversity.[33]"This solidarity is off to a great start", he told them. "I hope this movement will continue and spread, for it has within itself the power to stand up to fascism, be victorious in the face of extremism and say no to oppressive political powers everywhere."[34]

After winning theAcademy Awardfor the second time, Farhadi had a prepared statement read byAnousheh Ansari."I'm sorry I'm not with you tonight", Farhadi's statement read. "My absence is out of respect for the people of my country and those of the other six nations who have been disrespected by the inhumane law that bans entry of immigrants to the U.S. Dividing the world into us and our enemies categories creates fear, a deceitful justification for aggression and war. These wars prevent democracy and human rights in countries that have been victims of aggression. Filmmakers can turn their cameras to capture shared human qualities and break stereotypes of various nationalities and religions. They create empathy between us and others -- an empathy that we need today more than ever." Before the ceremony, all five directors nominated for foreign language film issued a joint statement, obtained byUSA Today,that condemned "the climate of fanaticism and nationalism" in the United States, among other countries. The directors – Farhadi,Maren Ade(Toni Erdmann),Hannes Holm(A Man Called Ove),Martin Zandvliet(Land of Mine) andBentley DeanandMartin Butler(Tanna) – said that no matter which film wins, the Oscar is dedicated to "all the people, artists, journalists and activists who are working to foster unity and understanding, and who uphold freedom of expression and human dignity – values whose protection is now more important than ever."[35]

2018–present[edit]

Javier Bardem,Penélope Cruz,Farhadi, and the cast ofEverybody Knowsat the2018 Cannes Film Festival

In 2018, Farhadi directed his eighth feature film titled,Everybody KnowsstarringJavier Bardem,Penélope CruzandRicardo Darin.The film, a Spanish psychological thriller, debuted at the71st Cannes Film Festivalwhere it played in the competition for thePalme d'Or.At the Toronto premiere ofEverybody Knows,the director shared withIkon London Magazinehis plans to "Come to London West End with his play". He said "I know there is a lot of great plays every day. And I wish one day I do a play there. It is not far. It is our plan."[36]The film has earned critical acclaim earning a 78% onRotten Tomatoes,with critics praising the two leads but adding that the film is below Farhadi's usually high standards.[37]

A Herois Farhadi's 9th feature film. Alexandre Mallet-Guy co-produced the work. This film was shot inMarvdasht,Iran, and narrates a social theme. In this film,Amir Jadidi,Mohsen Tanabandeh,Fereshteh Sadre Orafaee,Sarina Farhadiand Sahar Goldoust play roles. The film was introduced as the representative of Iranian cinema on 20 October 2021, to compete in the 94th Academy Awards.[38]

In April 2022,The Hollywood Reportermistakenly reported that Farhadi had been found guilty, when in fact he was indicted by an Iranian court on charges of plagiarism for allegedly stealing the premise forA Herofrom an earlier documentary made by Azadeh Masihzadeh, a former film student of Farhadi.[39]The case is now before the criminal court; if convicted, Farhadi could face up to three years in prison.[40]In October 2022,The New Yorkerpublished an article, which included more information about the case and exclusive interviews with those who had previously worked with Farhadi.[40]

Themes[edit]

Social and class structures[edit]

Farhadi in aThe Salesman'spress conference.Taraneh Alidoostion his right andShahab Hosseinion his left.

Farhadi's films present a microcosm of modernIranand explore the inevitable complications that arise viaclass,gender,andreligiousdifferences. For example, his 2011 filmA Separationportrays various intractable conflicts and arguments that force the characters to reflect on themoralgrounds of their own decisions.

In her article, "Through the Looking Glass: Reflexive Cinema and Society in Post-Revolution Iran", Norma Claire Moruzzi writes:

In contrast, Farhadi'sA Separationtreats the life-as-elsewhere dream as one strand of a complex and multi-layered story. Farhadi's films are nuanced portraits of the cross-cutting relations among classes, genders, and social groups. They are ambivalent explorations of small personal choices' implications on the delicate web of individual connections that make up any social network, carefully crafted and beautifully acted.[41]

The film criticRoger Ebertin his Movie Yearbook 2013, writes this about Farhadi's craft depicting social relations:

"The writer-director, Asghar Farhadi, tells his story with a fair and even hand. His only agenda seems to be to express empathy.A Separationprovides a good portrait of Iran today... [T]his film portrays a more nuanced nation, and its decent characters are trying to do the right thing "(532)." The intriguing thing about his screenplay is that it gets us deeply involved, yet never tells us who it thinks is right or wrong "(703).[42]

In the introduction to her 2014 bookAsghar Farhadi: Life and Cinema,film critic Tina Hassannia writes:[43]

[Farhadi's] social realism—observations on the culture at large driven through a documentary-like lens—is skilfully effaced by a highly refined version of the melodrama. Yet his social commentary—though bleak, sometimes damning—never feels didactic or punishing.

In Farhadi's films, Iran is depicted as having a rigid class system that endures across the history of pre- and post-revolutionary Iran. Farhadi films the complexities of everyday life in contemporary Iran, focusing on how diverse perspectives are embedded within social structures such as class and gender. Farhadi has his style like "open ending movies", being realistic and "narrative gaps".[44]

Cultural norms[edit]

Farhadi's films frequently criticize divisions in Iranian society along class, gender and religious lines. However, they are notable for their subtlety of treatment. Farhadi himself has never rejected Iran, most of his films are deeply rooted in urban Iranian society, and he has frequently expressed his commitment to the country and its people, most notably on the two occasions he won theAcademy Award.When he picked up the award forA Separation,he dedicated the win to the Iranian nation. WhenThe Salesmanwon the prize a few years later, Farhadi declined to attend the event in protest of theTrump travel ban.[45]

What is less noticed is his veiled criticism of religious standards in Iran. His debut featureDancing in the Dustopens with the Islamic invocationBismillahir Rahmanir Rahim(In the name of Allah, the most benevolent, the most merciful) just as a hand cleans a car window to reveal a large statue of a man, situated on a pedestal in the street. Idolatry is forbidden in Islam, and the construction of human statues is likewise discouraged in strict interpretations. For his second film,Beautiful City,Farhadi repeated a similar cinematic trick; as a prison loudspeaker blares out theBismillahphrase, it is revealed that a young man is carving human figurines. Neither film has been released in the West, and they have not been seen as widely as his latter films.[46]

Influences[edit]

In 2012, Farhadi participated in that year'sSight & Soundfilm polls. Held every ten years to select the greatest films of all time, contemporary directors were asked to select ten films. Farhadi's choices are listed below:[47]

Accusation of plagiarism[edit]

In 2022,The New Yorkerreported allegations of Farhadi plagiarizing many of his films’ ideas, and stealing from students of a workshop he mentored decades earlier. Farhadi denied the allegations addressing them at the2022 Cannes Film Festivalwhen he served as a juror.[48]

In March 2024, an Iranian court issued a verdict acquitting Farhadi of the plagiarism allegations, based on the review by severalUniversity of Tehrancopyright law experts and other experts.[49][50]

Filmography[edit]

Feature films[edit]

Year Title Director Writer Producer Distribution Notes
2002 Low Heights No Yes No Co-written withEbrahim Hatamikia
2003 Dancing in the Dust Yes Yes No
2004 The Beautiful City Yes Yes No
2006 Fireworks Wednesday Yes Yes No Grasshopper Film
2007 Canaan No Yes No Co-written withMani Haghighi
2008 Tambourine No Yes No
2009 About Elly Yes Yes Yes Dreamlab Films
Trial on the Street No Yes No Co-written withMasoud Kimiai
2011 A Separation Yes Yes Yes Sony Pictures Classics
2013 The Past Yes Yes No
2016 The Salesman Yes Yes Yes
2018 Everybody Knows Yes Yes No Focus Features
2021 A Hero Yes Yes Yes Amazon Studios

Television[edit]

Year Title Director Writer Producer Broadcast
1998 The Waiter Yes Yes Yes IRIB TV5
Doctors No No Yes IRIB TV3
Farrokh & Faraj Residential Complex Yes No No IRIB TV2
1999 Youthful Days No No Yes IRIB TV5
A Tale of a City Yes Yes Yes IRIB TV5
2001 A Tale of a City II Yes Yes Yes IRIB TV5

Awards and honors[edit]

Main article:List of awards and nominations received by Asghar Farhadi
Farhadi receiving Golden Peacock Award for his film Beautiful City, atIFFI(2004)

Farhadi is one of a select list of directors who have won theBest Foreign Film Oscarmore than once. The others areVittorio de SicaandFederico Fellini(four times each),Ingmar Bergman(three times), andRené ClémentandAkira Kurosawa(twice each). The following is a selection of his major awards.

A Separationwon the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 2012, becoming the first Iranian film to win the award. The film was nominated for theAcademy Award for Best Original Screenplay.

The Salesmanwon the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Filmin 2017. However, Farhadi did not attend the89th Academy Awardsceremony in protest of the U.S.Executive Order 13769.

A Herowon theHafez Awardfor Best Director – Motion Picture and Best Screenplay – Motion Picture (both original and adapted) in 2021.[51]

Honors

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^Soureh Movie DatabaseArchived21 October 2013 at theWayback Machine
  2. ^"Asghar Farhadi – Filmmaker".Time.Retrieved1 May2021.
  3. ^"A Hero: Asghar Farhadi has been contemplating his latest drama for decades".Web News Observer.12 January 2022.Retrieved11 January2022.
  4. ^abHarvey, Giles (31 January 2019)."How Iran's Greatest Director Makes Art of Moral Ambiguity".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on 2 April 2019.Retrieved2 April2019.
  5. ^"از اصفهان تا کن، از رادیو تا فروشنده/ اصغر فرهادی سال ۶۶ در اصفهان مشغول چه کاری بود؟ | پایگاه خبری تحلیلی سینما سینما".cinemacinema.ir.Retrieved3 May2022.
  6. ^"Asghar Farhadi".Asia Pacific Screen Awards.Retrieved2 April2019.
  7. ^"NESHANE".Archived fromthe originalon 10 February 2006.Retrieved13 August2006.
  8. ^"Dancing in the Dust".Variety.3 June 2003.Retrieved8 September2023.
  9. ^"Beautiful City".Variety.28 September 2004.Retrieved8 September2023.
  10. ^Geoff Andrew (27 October 2006)."Fireworks Wednesday".Time Out London.
  11. ^Bradshaw, Peter (13 September 2012)."About Elly - review".The Guardian.Retrieved8 September2023.
  12. ^"A masterpiece, and others not to be neglected".Archived fromthe originalon 6 September 2015.
  13. ^"2011 SFF Official Competition winner is..."News.Sydney Film Festival. 19 June 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 16 March 2012.Retrieved5 July2011.
  14. ^"A Separation movie review & film summary".Rogerebert.Retrieved8 September2023.
  15. ^Mondello, Bob (29 December 2011)."'A Separation': In Tehran, Houses And Hearts Divided ".NPR.Retrieved8 September2023.
  16. ^"Berlinale 2012: International Jury".berlinale.de.19 December 2011.Archivedfrom the original on 18 January 2012.Retrieved21 December2011.
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  18. ^""A Separation" nominated for foreign-language film Oscar ".Tehran Times.25 January 2012. Archived fromthe originalon 2 March 2012.
  19. ^Ronald Grover (27 February 2012)."Iran wins first Oscar with" A Separation ".Reuters.Archivedfrom the original on 27 February 2012.Retrieved27 February2012.
  20. ^Bastanmehr, Rod (12 March 2012)."A Hollywood party, with a nervous look to Iran".Salon.Retrieved8 September2023.
  21. ^"Academy Invites 176 to Membership".The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 29 June 2012.Archivedfrom the original on 2 July 2012.Retrieved19 July2013.
  22. ^"2013 Official Selection".Cannes.18 April 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 17 October 2013.Retrieved18 April2013.
  23. ^"Cannes Film Festival: Awards 2013".Cannes.26 May 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 17 October 2013.Retrieved26 May2013.
  24. ^Chang, Justin (26 May 2013)."Cannes: 'Blue Is the Warmest Color' Wins Palme d' Or".Variety.Archivedfrom the original on 7 June 2013.Retrieved26 May2013.
  25. ^"Le passé (The Past) (2013)".Rotten Tomatoes.Fandango.Retrieved16 February2018.
  26. ^"The PastReviews ".Metacritic.Retrieved29 April2014.
  27. ^"Asghar Farhadi's 'The Past' Selected for Foreign-Language Oscar".Variety.29 September 2013.Retrieved8 September2023.
  28. ^"Festival de Cannes 2016".22 May 2016.Archivedfrom the original on 26 October 2016.Retrieved26 October2016.
  29. ^Movshovitz, Howie (28 January 2017)."Taking 'Death Of A Salesman' To Tehran".NPR.Retrieved8 September2023.
  30. ^Sims, David (27 January 2017)."A Marriage Crumbles in the Gripping Iranian DramaThe Salesman".The Atlantic.Retrieved8 September2023.
  31. ^Donadio, Rachel; Erdbrink, Thomas (29 January 2017)."Iranian Director Asghar Farhadi Won't Attend Oscar Ceremony".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on 29 January 2017.Retrieved30 January2017.
  32. ^"Meet Anousheh Ansari, the only woman ever to travel to space on self-funded mission".The Economic Times.23 November 2021.Retrieved8 September2023.
  33. ^Bowley, Graham (14 February 2017)."London Mayor to Screen Iranian Film in Trafalgar Square on Oscar Night".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on 2 April 2019.Retrieved2 April2019.
  34. ^Avins, Jenni (26 February 2017)."An Iranian director protesting Trump's travel ban sent a space traveler to pick up his award".Quartz.Archivedfrom the original on 27 February 2017.Retrieved27 February2017.
  35. ^Gennis, Sadie (27 February 2017)."The Salesman Director Delivers Powerful Statement Against Trump (While Boycotting the Ceremony)".Archivedfrom the original on 27 February 2017.Retrieved27 February2017.
  36. ^ Orlova-Alvarez, Tamara; Alvarez, Joe (25 September 2018)."Film Director Asghar Farhadi's plans for London West End".Ikon London Magazine.Archivedfrom the original on 29 September 2018.Retrieved29 September2018.
  37. ^"Everybody Knows".Rotten Tomatoes.Retrieved6 May2020.
  38. ^Dalton2021-10-21T16:59:00+01:00, Ben."Iran selects Asghar Farhadi's 'A Hero' as Oscar international feature entry".Screen.Retrieved4 November2021.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  39. ^Roxborough, Scott (4 April 2022)."Oscar-Winning Iranian Director Asghar Farhadi Indicted on Plagiarizing Charges for 'A Hero'".The Hollywood Reporter.Retrieved6 April2022.
  40. ^abAviv, Rachel (31 October 2022)."Did The Oscar-winning Director Asghar Farhadi Steal Ideas?".The New Yorker.Retrieved7 November2022.
  41. ^Moruzzi, Norma Claire. "Through the Looking Glass: Reflexive Cinema and Society in Post-Revolution Iran". From Iranian Cinema in a Global Context: Policy, Politics, and Form By Peter Decherney, Blake Atwood. Routledge. NY: 2015. 112-142https://books.google /books?id=p0ODBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepageArchived27 December 2018 at theWayback Machine
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  43. ^Tina Hassannia (2014).Asghar Farhadi: Life and Cinema.Critical Press.
  44. ^Lee, Nam (12 April 2019)."Iranian Cinema in Transition: Relative Truth and Morality in Asghar Farhadi's Films".DigitalCommons.
  45. ^Vivarelli, Nick (29 January 2017)."Asghar Farhadi Says He Has Decided Not to Attend the Oscars".Variety.Retrieved22 May2024.
  46. ^Asghar Farhadi: Life and Cinemaby Tina Hassannia, Critical Press, 2014
  47. ^"Asghar Farhadi's Top 10 Director's Poll".British Film Institute.Archived fromthe originalon 17 May 2016.Retrieved27 May2020.
  48. ^"Asghar Farhadi Acquitted of 'A Hero' Plagiarism Charges Filed by Former Student".IndieWire.13 March 2024.Retrieved13 March2024.
  49. ^"Asghar Farhadi Fully Cleared of 'A Hero' Plagiarism Allegations by Iranian Court".Variety.13 March 2024.Retrieved13 March2024.
  50. ^"Iran Verdict Rejects 'A Hero' Copyright Infringement Claim".The Hollywood Reporter.13 March 2024.Retrieved13 March2024.
  51. ^"21st Hafez Awards 2021 - Hafez Awards".22 March 2022.Retrieved15 June2022.
  52. ^"The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers".Foreign Policy.26 November 2012. Archived fromthe originalon 30 November 2012.Retrieved28 November2012.

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