Asmaka

Kingdom of Aśmaka
Kingdom of Aśmaka
c. 700 BCE–425 or 345 BCE
	Asmaka and other Mahajanapadas in the Post Vedic period.
Capital	PotaliorPodana
Common languages	Prakrit; Sanskrit
Religion	Historical Vedic religion; Buddhism; Jainism
Government	Monarchy
Maharaja
Historical era	Iron Age
• Established	c. 700 BCE
• Disestablished	425 or 345 BCE
Today part of	India

Asmaka^[a]orAssakawas aMahajanapadainancient Indiawhich existed between 700 BCE and 425 or 345 BCE according to theBuddhist textsAnguttara NikayaandPuranas.It included areas in present-dayAndhra Pradesh,TelanganaandMaharashtra.^[1]^[2]InGautama Buddha's time, many of the Assakas were located on the banks of theGodavari River(south of theVindhyamountains). Its capital is variously called Potali or Podana, and is identified as present-dayBodhanin Telangana.^[3]

Location

Aśmaka was located on theGodāvarīriver,^[4]between Mūlaka andKaliṅga.^[4]

The capital of Aśmaka was the city variously named Podana, Potali, Paudanyapura, and Potana, which corresponds to modern-dayBodhan.^[4]

History

The Aśmaka kingdom already existed at the time of theBrāhmaṇas,when its king Brahmadatta was mentioned in theMahāgovinda Suttantaas a contemporary of Reṇu ofVidehaand Dhataraṭṭha or Dhṛtarāṣṭra ofKāsī.^[4]

Paniniwho flourished about the seventh century B.C. makes mention of Asmaka which was in the interior of the Deccan watered by the Godavari, which is identified with modernNizamabaddistrict.^[5]

Aśmaka annexed the small kingdom of Mūlaka located to its west during theMahajanapadaperiod, after which it became the southern neighbour of the kingdom ofAvanti.^[6]

TheHathigumpha inscriptionofKharavela(2nd century BCE) mentions Kharavela's threat to a city variously interpreted as "Masika" (Masikanagara), "Musika" (Musikanagara) or "Asika" (Asikanagara). N. K. Sahu identifies Asika as the capital of Asmaka.^[7]^: 127According toAjay Mitra Shastri,"Asika-nagara" was located in the present-day village of Adam inNagpur district(on theWainganga River). A terracotta seal excavated in the village mentions the Asmakajanapada.^[8]^[9]Asmaka also included Mulaka area aroundPaithanknown in ancient times asPratishthana.^[10]According toSutta NipataSaketa orAyodhyawas first halting place on the southward road (Dakshinapatha) fromShravastito Pratishthana.^[11]

Notes

^Sanskrit:अश्मक,IAST:Aśmaka;Pali:अस्सक,romanized:Assaka

References

^Gupta, Parmanand (1989).Geography from Ancient Indian Coins & Seals.Concept Publishing Company.ISBN 9788170222484.
^Tiwari, Anshuman (10 August 2018).Laxminama: Monks, Merchants, Money and Mantra.Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 307.
^Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999).Ancient Indian History and Civilization.New Age International. p. 109.ISBN 9788122411980.
^^a ^b ^c ^dRaychaudhuri 1953,p. 89.
^Pushpavathi, Kore."The early social history of Andhra Desa"(PDF).International Journal of History:33.
^Raychaudhuri 1953,p. 143-144.
^N. K. Sahu; Kharavela (King of Kalinga) (1984).Khâravela.Orissa State Museum.
^Ajay Mitra Shastri (1998).The Sātavāhanas and the Western Kshatrapas: a historical framework.Dattsons. p. 56.ISBN 978-81-7192-031-0.
^Inguva Karthikeya Sarma; J. Vara Prasada Rao (1 January 1993).Early Brāhmī Inscriptions from Sannati.Harman Publishing House. p. 68.ISBN 978-81-85151-68-7.
^Indian History.Allied Publishers. 1988.ISBN 978-81-8424-568-4.
^Bakker, Ayodhya, Part 1 1984,p. 5.

Sources

Bakker, Hans (1984).Ayodhya, Part 1: The History of Ayodhya from the seventh century BC to the middle of the 18th century.Groningen: Egbert Forsten.ISBN 9069800071.
Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra(1953).Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of Gupta Dynasty.University of Calcutta.

External links

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[1] Sanskrit:अश्मक,IAST:Aśmaka;Pali:अस्सक,romanized:Assaka

[2] Gupta, Parmanand (1989).Geography from Ancient Indian Coins & Seals.Concept Publishing Company.ISBN 9788170222484.

[3] Tiwari, Anshuman (10 August 2018).Laxminama: Monks, Merchants, Money and Mantra.Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 307.

[4] Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999).Ancient Indian History and Civilization.New Age International. p. 109.ISBN 9788122411980.

[FOOTNOTERaychaudhuri195389-5] Raychaudhuri 1953,p. 89.

[6] Pushpavathi, Kore."The early social history of Andhra Desa"(PDF).International Journal of History:33.

[FOOTNOTERaychaudhuri1953143-144-7] Raychaudhuri 1953,p. 143-144.

[NKSahu_1984-8] N. K. Sahu; Kharavela (King of Kalinga) (1984).Khâravela.Orissa State Museum.

[9] Ajay Mitra Shastri (1998).The Sātavāhanas and the Western Kshatrapas: a historical framework.Dattsons. p. 56.ISBN 978-81-7192-031-0.

[10] Inguva Karthikeya Sarma; J. Vara Prasada Rao (1 January 1993).Early Brāhmī Inscriptions from Sannati.Harman Publishing House. p. 68.ISBN 978-81-85151-68-7.

[11] Indian History.Allied Publishers. 1988.ISBN 978-81-8424-568-4.

[FOOTNOTEBakker,_Ayodhya,_Part_119845-12] Bakker, Ayodhya, Part 1 1984,p. 5.

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