Atticism

This article is about Greek literature. For the 17th century French art movement, seeParisian Atticism.

Atticism(meaning "favouringAttica",the region ofAthensinGreece) was arhetoricalmovement that began in the first quarter of the 1st century BC; it may also refer to the wordings and phrasings typical of this movement, in contrast with various contemporary forms of KoineGreek(both literary and vulgar), which continued to evolve in directions guided by the common usages ofHellenisticGreek.

Atticism was portrayed as a return to Classical methods after what was perceived as the pretentious style of theHellenistic,Sophistrhetoric and called for a return to the approaches of theAttic orators.

Although the plainer language of Atticism eventually became as belabored and ornate as theperorationsit sought to replace, its original simplicity meant that it remained universally comprehensible throughout the Greek world. This helped maintain vital cultural links across theMediterraneanand beyond. Admired and popularly imitated writers such asLucianalso adopted Atticism, so that the style survived until theRenaissance,when it was taken up by non-Greekstudents ofByzantineimmigrants.Renaissancescholarship, the basis of modern scholarship in the west, nurtured strong Classical and Attic views, continuing Atticism for another four centuries.

Represented at its height by rhetoricians such asDionysius of Halicarnassus,and grammarians such asHerodianandPhrynichus ArabiusatAlexandria,this tendency prevailed from the 1st century BC onward, and with the force of an ecclesiastical dogma controlled all subsequent Greek culture, even so that the living form of the Greek language, even then being transformed into modern Greek much later, was quite obscured and only occasionally found expression, chiefly in private documents, though also in popular literature.

However, there were literary writers such asStrabo,Plutarch,andJosephuswho intentionally withdrew from this way of expression (classical Greek) in favor of the common form of Greek.

See also

• Asiatic style
• Laconism

Further reading

• Wisse, Jakob. "Greeks, Romans, and the Rise of Atticism." In Nagy, Gregory (ed.).Greek Literature in the Roman Period and in Late Antiquity Greek Literature.London: Routledge, 2001. 65–82. (ISBN978-0-415-93770-2)