Baltic region
TheBaltic Sea Region,alternatively theBaltic Rim countries(or simply theBaltic Rim), and theBaltic Sea countries/states,refers to the general area surrounding theBaltic Sea,including parts ofNorthern,CentralandEastern Europe.[1][2][3]Unlike the "Baltic states",the Baltic region includes all countries that border the sea.
Etymology[edit]
The first to name it theBaltic Sea(Latin:Mare Balticum) was 11th century German chroniclerAdam of Bremen.
Denotation[edit]
Depending on the context theBaltic Sea Regionmight stand for:
- The countries that have shorelines along the Baltic Sea:Denmark,Estonia,Finland,Germany,Latvia,Lithuania,Poland,Russia,andSweden.
- The group of countries that are members of the inter-governmentalBaltic AssemblyandBaltic Council of Ministers,[4]and generally referred to by the shorthand,Baltic states:[5][6][7]Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
- Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania andKaliningrad Oblastof Russia, exclaved from the remainder of Russia.[8]
- HistoricEast Prussiaand the historicallandsofLivonia,Courlandand Estonia (Swedish EstoniaandRussian Estonia).[citation needed]
- The formerBaltic governoratesofImperial Russia:Today's Estonia and Latvia (excluding parts of modern Eastern Latvia that were part ofVitebsk Governorate).[citation needed]
- The countries on the historicalBritishtrade route through the Baltic Sea, i.e. including theScandinavian Peninsula(SwedenandNorway).[citation needed]
- Thenegotiating membersof the GrandBaltic Ententealso known as the Baltic League: Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland.[9]
- Members of theCouncil of the Baltic Sea States(CBSS),[10]are the countries[a]with shorelines along the Baltic Sea, in addition toNorway,Icelandand theEuropean Commission.
- The islands of theEuroregionB7 Baltic Islands Network,which includes the islands and archipelagosÅland(autonomous region ofFinland),Bornholm(Denmark),Gotland(Sweden),Hiiumaa(Estonia),Öland(Sweden),Rügen(Germany), andSaaremaa(Estonia).[12]
- On historicScandinavianandGermanmaps, theBalticumsometimes includes only the historically or culturally German-dominated lands, or provinces, of Estonia,Livonia,CourlandandLatgale(corresponding to modernEstoniaand Latvia),East Prussia,Samogitia(corresponding to modern Western Lithuania) as well as sometimesPomerania,Kashubia,while the historically less-GermanizedEastern Lithuaniais occasionally excluded.[citation needed]
- In geology, theBaltic ShieldincludesFennoscandia,parts of northwestern Russia and the northern Baltic Sea.[13][14]
See also[edit]
- Baltia(Roman mythology)
- Baltic states
- Baltoscandia
- Council of the Baltic Sea States
- List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in Northern Europe
- Nordic identity in Estonia
- Northern Dimension
- North Sea Region
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
- ^"Baltic Sea".Britannica.5 July 2024.Retrieved9 July2024.
- ^"EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region".European Commission.Retrieved9 July2024.
- ^"Programme Factsheet"(PDF).Interreg Baltic Sea Region.January 2024.Retrieved9 July2024.
- ^Republic of Estonia; Republic of Latvia; Republic of Lithuania (1994).Declaration on Unity and Co-operation by the Republic of Estonia, Republic of Latvia and Republic of Lithuania(PDF).Council of Baltic States. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 7 May 2019.Retrieved2 June2021.
- ^Misiunas, Romuald J; Bater, James H (25 May 2006). "Baltic states".Encyclopædia Britannica(Online ed.).Archivedfrom the original on 11 June 2008.Retrieved2 June2021.
- ^Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia."Co-operation among the Baltic States".Republic of Latvia.Archived fromthe originalon 4 December 2008.Retrieved2 June2021.
- ^Republic of Estonia."Baltic Cooperation".Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Archivedfrom the original on 6 May 2017.Retrieved28 May2018.
- ^«The Baltic region includes the Baltic republics and the Kaliningrad region of the RSFSR "» —Baltic regionin theGreat Soviet Encyclopedia,1969–1978 (in Russian)
- ^Townsend, Mary Evelyn (September 1921).The Baltic States.The Institute of international education.
- ^European Commission."CBSS - Council of Baltic Sea States".knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu.European Union.Archivedfrom the original on 2 June 2021.Retrieved2 June2021.
The Council of the Baltic Sea States is an overall political forum for regional inter-governmental cooperation. The Members of the Council are the eleven states of the Baltic Sea Region as well as the European Commission.
- ^Council of the Baltic Sea States."CBSS - About Us".Archivedfrom the original on 10 May 2021.Retrieved2 June2021.
- ^B7 Steering Committee (8 September 2004)."Charter of the B7"(PDF).B7 Baltic Islands Network.Archived(PDF)from the original on 14 June 2021.Retrieved30 June2021.
{{cite news}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^Dunbar, Moira (2004). "Arctic: Geology".Encyclopædia Britannica.Archivedfrom the original on 24 August 2022.Retrieved30 June2021.
- ^Beckholmen, Monica; Tirén, Sven A (September 2008)."The geological history of the Baltic Sea: A review of the literature and investigation tools".Swedish Radiation Safety Authority - Strålsäkerhetsmyndigheten.ISSN2000-0456.Report number: 2009:21.Archivedfrom the original on 9 July 2021.Retrieved30 June2021.
Further reading[edit]
- Norbert Götz."Spatial Politics and Fuzzy Regionalism: The Case of the Baltic Sea Area."Baltic Worlds9 (2016) 3: 54–67.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toBaltic region.
- Official websiteof the Council of the Baltic Sea States
- The Baltic Sea Information Centre(archived 8 February 2008)
- EU Baltic Sea Region Strategy(EUSBSR) – a strategy aiming to accelerate the integration of the region
- The Baltic University Programme– a university network focused on a sustainable development in the Baltic Sea region (archived 10 June 2010)
- Baltic Sea Region Spatial Planning Initiative VASAB
- Baltic Sea Region Programme 2007–2013
- Vifanord– a digital library that provides scientific information on the Nordic and Baltic countries as well as the Baltic region as a whole.
