Jump to content

Mobile Suit Gundam

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromBattle of Loum)
This article is about the 1979 anime. For the franchise that it spawned, seeGundam.For the Japanese mecha anime that aired from 1976 to 1977, seeBlocker Gundan 4 Machine Blaster.
"Zeon" redirects here. For the Intel computer brand, seeXeon.For other uses, seeZeon (disambiguation).
Mobile Suit Gundam
Cover of the first Anime Legends English DVD box compilation, featuring the protagonistAmuro Rayand the titularRX-78-2 Gundam
Cơ động chiến sĩ ガンダム
(Kidō Senshi Gandamu)
GenreReal robot,military science fiction,space opera
Anime television series
Directed byYoshiyuki Tomino
Produced by
  • Yasuo Shibue
  • Nobuyuki Okuma
  • Wataru Sekioka
Written byYoshiyuki Tomino
Music by
StudioNippon Sunrise
Licensed by
Original networkANN(Nagoya TV,TV Asahi)
English network
Original runApril 7, 1979–January 26, 1980
Episodes43[a](List of episodes)
Manga
Written byYū Okazaki
Published byAkita Shoten
DemographicShōnen
Original run1979–1980
Volumes2
Novel series
Written byYoshiyuki Tomino
Illustrated by
Published byAsahi Sonorama
English publisher
ImprintSonorama Bunko
Original run1979–1981
Volumes3
Anime film series
Directed byYoshiyuki Tomino
Produced by
  • Masami Iwasaki
  • Masuo Ueda
  • Takayuki Yoshii
Written byYoshiyuki Tomino
Music by
StudioNippon Sunrise
Licensed by
ReleasedMarch 14, 1981–March 13, 1982
Runtime
  • 139 minutes(I)
  • 133 minutes(II)
  • 144 minutes(III)
Films3
Manga
Mobile Suit Gundam 0079
Written byKazuhisa Kondo
Published byMediaWorks
English publisher
MagazineDengeki Daioh
DemographicShōnen
Original run1993–2005
Volumes12
Manga
Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin
Written byYoshikazu Yasuhiko
Published byKadokawa Shoten
English publisher
MagazineGundam Ace
DemographicShōnen
Original runJune 25, 2001–June 25, 2011
Volumes24(List of volumes)
Anime film
Mobile Suit Gundam: Cucuruz Doan's Island
Directed byYoshikazu Yasuhiko
Written byToshizo Nemoto
Music byTakayuki Hattori
StudioSunrise
ReleasedJune 3, 2022(2022-06-03)
Runtime108 minutes
Manga
Mobile Suit Gundam 0079 Episode II Luna
Written byKazuhisa Kondo
Published byKadokawa Shoten
MagazineGundam Ace
DemographicShōnen
Original runNovember 26, 2022– present
Video games
iconAnime and manga portal

Mobile Suit Gundam(Japanese:Cơ động chiến sĩ ガンダム,Hepburn:Kidō Senshi Gandamu),also retrospectively known asFirst Gundam,Gundam 0079or simplyGundam '79,is ananimetelevision series, produced and animated byNippon Sunrise.Created and directed byYoshiyuki Tomino,it premiered in Japan onNagoya Broadcasting Networkand its affiliatedANNstations on April 7, 1979, and lasted until January 26, 1980, spanning 43 episodes. It was the firstGundamseries, which has subsequently been adapted into numerous sequels and spin-offs. Set in the futuristiccalendar year"Universal Century"0079, the plot focuses on the war between the Principality of Zeon and the Earth Federation, with the latter unveiling a newgiant robotknown as theRX-78-2 Gundampiloted by the teenage civilian mechanicAmuro Ray.

In 1981, the series was re-edited for theatrical release and split into three films. The characters were designed byYoshikazu Yasuhiko,andKunio Okawarawas responsible for the mechanical designs, including the eponymous giant robot, the RX-78-2 Gundam. The first film was released on February 22, 1981. Tomino himself also wrote a trilogy of novels that retell the events of the series. Twomangaadaptations of the series have also been written by twomanga artists.

Despite initial low ratings that caused the series' cancellation, the popularity ofGundamsaw a boost from the introduction ofBandai'sGunpla modelsin 1980 and fromrerunsand the theatrical release of the anime, leading to the creation of a prolific and lucrative media and toy franchise. The series is famous for revolutionizing the giant robot genre due to the handling of mobile suits as weapons of war, as well as the portrayal of their pilots as ordinary soldiers. These aspects contrasted with the previous style of portraying hero pilots and their giant super hero robots.

Plot

[edit]
See also:List of Mobile Suit Gundam characters

Set in afictional universe(Universal Centuryyear 0079 according to the Gundam Calendar), the Principality of Zeon has declared independence from the Earth Federation, and subsequently launched a war of independence called the One Year War. The conflict has directly affected every continent on Earth, also nearly every space colony and lunar settlement. Zeon, though smaller, has the tactical upper hand through their use of a new type of humanoid weapons called mobile suits. After half of all humanity perishes in the conflict and much of Earth's ecosystem, the war settled into a bitter stalemate lasting over eight months.

The story begins with a newly deployed Federation warship, theWhite Base,arriving at the secret research base located at the Side 7 colony to pick up the Federation's newest weapon. However, they are closely followed by Zeon forces. A Zeon reconnaissance team member disobeys mission orders and attacks the colony, killing most of the Federation crew and civilians in the process. Out of desperation, youngAmuro Rayaccidentally finds the Federation's new prototype arsenal—theRX-78 Gundam,and manages to beat back Zeon forces. Scrambling everything they can, theWhite Basesets out with her newly formed crew of civilian recruits and refugees in her journey to survive.

On their journey, the White Base members often encounter the Zeon Lieutenant CommanderChar Aznable.Although Char antagonizes Amuro in battle, he takes advantage of their position as Federation members to have them kill members from Zeon's Zabi family as part of his revenge scheme as he is the son of the original founder of Zeon and the nation's namesake. Amuro also meets ensignLalah Sunewith whom he falls in love, but accidentally kills when facing Char. When the Federation Forces invade the Fortress of A Baoa Qu to defeat the Zeon forces, Amuro engages on a final one-on-one duel against Char due to each blaming the other for Lalah's death. Having realized he forgot his true enemy, Char stops fighting to kill the last surviving Zabi member, Kycilia Zabi. Amuro then reunites with his comrades as the war reaches its end, leaving behind the Gundam as it was rendered inoperable after his battle. The conflict officially ends when the prime minister of Zeon surrenders to the Federation, losing the majority of its industrial capabilities and reverting itself to a republic. However, many remnants of Zeon's military go into hiding and lick their wounds in the hopes of retaliating against the Earth Federation at a time of their choosing.

Production

[edit]
Director Yoshiyuki Tomino used the series to tell a story about war.[1]

The "Mobile Suits" of the show were inspired by thepowered armorfrom the novelStarship Troopersfrom 1959.[2]Mobile suits were conceptualized as human-like robots which would not only appeal to children.[1]Yoshiyuki Tomino's original plot for the anime was considerably much more grim, with Amuro dying halfway through the series, and the crew of the White Base having to ally with Char (who is given a red Gundam), but finally having to battle him after he takes control of the Principality of Zeon. The original concept found expression in a series of novels written by Tomino soon after the show's conclusion, and elements of the storyline weaved themselves intoZeta GundamandChar's Counterattack.

In previous series Tomino worked in, villains were alien agents.Mobile Suit Gundamwas the first of his work which featured humans as antagonists. The director commented he wanted to tell a story about war.[1]He aimed to expose through art the horrors of the Japanese wartime aggression in Manchuria in 1939. Tomino did not wish torevise historyand wanted to use the story to force viewers to confront the tragic realities of war. The director was originally unwilling to discuss the message of his work, expecting the viewers to reach their own conclusion. Additionally, he commented he "packed his frustrations" when makingGundam.[3]

Tomino met mechanical designerKunio Okawarawhen he first worked in two television series from Sunrise. Tomino liked Okawara's work and asked him to collaborate with him in his upcoming project. Originally, the anime would be called "Gunboy" but it was renamedMobile Suit Gundam.[4]TheWhite Base,the mothership of the protagonist crew members, is designed with a 3 plane view method by Kunio Okawara, however, it is not specially designed for the anime series Gundam, it was actually a salvaged design from the animeInvincible Steel Man Daitarn 3.[5]The idea of having a space carrier from Tomino is partly inspired by the earlier science fiction animeSpace Battleship Yamato,which he claimed to be a fan of.[5]It was intended to be in a more realistic black color, but was changed to white by the order of Sunrise, who similarly ordered the main mecha, Gundam, changed from a grayish white to white, red, blue and yellow. Director Tomino showed great disgust in the color change, also noticing the unrealistic non-aerodynamic design of it after the show was on air, said in an interview that such design would never appear in the real world, since it would be a sitting duck from fighter aircraft. Tomino still held a grudge 10 years after the show aired and stated in an interview inNewtype1989 April issue that the imaginary enemies of Gundam are Sunrise, sponsors and television stations.[6]

Tomino compares the machines with religious history in Japan, most notably the worship ofBuddhastatues located in temples. The relationship between the pilot and the mobile suit has also been compared with theFormula Onedrivers who rely on machines to achieve a goal.[7]In order to give the mechas fast movements, most of the fights were situated in space where there was low gravity. This led to the creation of space colonies as a common setting. In order to explain how a person as young as Amuro could pilot the Gundam, the team came up with the idea of Newtypes.[1]

Media

[edit]

Anime

[edit]
See also:List of Mobile Suit Gundam episodes

In February 1980,Mobile Suit Gundamwas aired in Italy, the first country to broadcast the show outside Japan.[8]Mobile Suit Gundamwas also later aired by the anime satellite television network,Animax,across Japan, with the series continuing to be aired on the network currently, and later its respective networks worldwide, including Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, South Asia, and other regions.

Hoping to capitalize on the success ofGundam Wingfrom the previous year,Bandai Entertainmentreleased a heavily edited and English-dubbed version ofMobile Suit Gundam,premiering onCartoon Network'sToonamiweekday afternoon after-school action programming block across the United States on Monday, July 23, 2001. The series did not do as well asWingbut the ratings were high enough for the whole series to be aired and to spawn an enormous toy line. Due to9-11,Cartoon Network, like many other American TV stations, began pulling, and editing, war-themed content and violent programming, resulting in the cancellation of the series. However, the series finale was shown as part of Toonami's "New Year's Eve-il" special on December 31, 2001.[9]On Saturday, June 8, 2002, the series would later air on their late-nightAdult Swimblock, starting over from the first episode, but it was again pulled before completing its run because of low ratings.

On May 30, 2006, Bandai Entertainment re-released the English dub of the TV series in a 10 volume DVD set.[10]There was no Japanese audio track included, apparently becauseYoshiyuki Tominofelt that the original mono mix was in too poor of a condition to use.[11]However, in 2007 the original series was released on DVD in Japan, which sold over 100,000 copies within a month's time from December 21, 2007, to January 21, 2008.[12]

Only one episode out of the 43 episodes ( "Cucuruz Doan's Island" ) had never been dubbed nor aired. This was at the request of Yoshiyuki Tomino, as he felt that it was not on par with the other episodes, resulting in the episode becoming a "lost episode" of sorts.[13]Despite this, the episode was included on Japanese DVD and Blu-ray releases, and was dubbed in Italian in the early 1980s.

At the 2010New York Comic Con/New York Anime Festival,Bandai Entertainment announced that they would re-releaseMobile Suit Gundamwith both the original Japanese audio and the English dub. Bandai released it in two sets in the summer of 2011.[14]The first set was released on September 13, 2011.[15]

Following the closure in 2012 of Bandai Entertainment, the series went out of print. At theirNew York Comic Con2014 panel, Sunrise announced their plans to re-release all of theGundamseries on home video in North America, starting with the original series. They would be distributed viaRight Stuf Inc.[16]They released the series on Blu-ray and DVD in October 2015.[17]

On July 25, 2015, British anime distributor Anime Limited announced they would releaseMobile Suit Gundamin cooperation with Sunrise for the first time in the UK on DVD and Blu-ray.

Novel

[edit]

In 1979, before the end of the anime, Yoshiyuki Tomino himself created the first novelizations of the originalGundamanime series. The novels, issued as a series of three books, allowed him to depict his story in a more sophisticated, adult, and detailed fashion. Along with this adaptation came several major changes to the story. For example, Amuro is already a member of the Federation military at the time of the initial Zeon attack on Side 7, and the main characters in the Federation serve on theWhite Base-class shipsPegasusandPegasus IIrather than thePegasus-classWhite Base.[18]Additionally, the war continues well into the year UC 0080 in the novels, whereas it concludes at the beginning of that year in the anime series. In the novel Amuro Ray is killed in the final attack against the Zeonic stronghold of A Baoa Qu when his RX-78-3 is pierced through the torso by a Rick Dom's beam bazooka. This occurs as Char's unit attempts to warn him about Gihren's intention to destroy the fortress and take the Federation's offensive fleet along with it. Char and the crew ofPegasus II(White Base), along with handpicked men under Kycilia Zabi's command, make a deep penetrating attack against the Side 3 and together kill Gihren Zabi, after which Kycilia is killed by Char. Tomino later lamented that had he known that the anime's ending would be different and that another series would be made, he would not have killed off Amuro in the novels.

The three novels were translated into English byFrederik Schodtand published byDel Rey Booksin September 1990. At the time, there were no officially recognized romanizations of character and mecha names, and a variety of different spellings were being used in the English-language fan community. In the original three novels, therefore, Mr. Schodt wrote the name "Char" as "Sha." "Sha" is a transliteration of the Japanese pronunciation, although Mr. Tomino later publicly confirmed at Anime Expo New York 2002 that the name was originally based on the French nameCharles Aznavour,a popular French-language singer. (The 2004 edition of the English translation revealed that Schodt felt that the "Char" rendering "seemed too close" to Aznavour's name.) He also rendered "Zaku" as "Zak," and (after consulting with Tomino) "Jion" as "Zeon," instead of "Zion," which was in use in some circles. Some North American fans, already attached to particular spellings, took great umbrage at Schodt's renditions, forgetting that in the original Japanese most character and mecha names are written inkatakana,and that there were, therefore, no "official spellings." Many years later, when theGundamseries was finally licensed in North America, the rights holders came up with a unified list of "official spellings" for English-language material, and some of these spellings include Schodt's renditions, as well as the renditions to which certain North American fans were attached.

In 2004, Frederik Schodt revised his original translation of the books, which had been out of print for nearly a decade. What had been a three volume set in the 1990 Del Rey edition was re-released byStone Bridge Pressas one single volume of 476 pages (with a vastly improved cover design), titledMobile Suit Gundam: Awakening, Escalation, Confrontation.Since the rights holders in Japan by this time had created a unified (although still evolving) list of romanized character and mecha names, Schodt was able to use it, and Amuro's rival in the novel thus became "Char" and not "Sha"; the popular Zeon Mobile Suit, similarly, became "Zaku," and not "Zak".[19]

Films

[edit]

Following the success of theMobile Suit GundamTV series, in 1981 Tomino reworked the footage into three separate compilation films. The first two films,Mobile Suit Gundam I(also known asMobile Suit Gundam The Movie) andMobile Suit Gundam II: Soldiers of Sorrow,were released in 1981. The third film,Mobile Suit Gundam III: Encounters in Space,was released in 1982.

Each of the three films is largely composed of old footage from the TV series, however Tomino felt that some things could be changed for the better. Tomino removed several aspects of the show which he felt were still too super robot-esque for the real robot series he intendedGundamto be, such as the Gundam Hammer weapon. The G-Armor upgrade parts were also completely removed and replaced in the narrative by the more realistic Core Booster support fighters, and Hayato receives a RX-77 Guncannon at Jaburo to replace the disadvantaged RX-75 Guntank. The third film also includes a substantial amount of new footage expanding on the battles of Solomon and A Baoa Qu.

The firstGundamfilm, upon release on 22 February 1981, drew a large crowd of 15,000 people at its premiere, leading to concerns from police and media that it could lead to social unrest from a riotous crowd. The event is considered a turning point in thehistory of anime,referred to as "the day that anime changed" according toAsahi Shimbunnewspaper.[20]The first film grossed¥1.76 billion,andGundam IIgrossed¥1.38 billion.[21]Encounters in Spacewas 1982's fourthhighest-grossing Japanese film,with adistribution incomeof¥1.29 billion[22]and a total box office gross of¥2.31 billion.[23]Collectively, the trilogy grossed¥5.45 billionat the Japanese box office.[21]

In 1998, the three compilation films were first released directly to VHS subtitled into English as part of Bandai's AnimeVillage releases, which makes them among the firstGundamworks released in English. A year later, Bandai released an English dub of three compilation films in 1999. Featuring the voice ofMichael Lindsayas Amuro Ray, andSteve Blumas Char Aznable. Due to the dub mispronouncing the word Gundam as "Gun-dam", and the Principality of Zeon being called the "Duchy of Zeon", Sunrise prevented it from being re-released after its debut on VHS. The films were released again in North America on May 7, 2002, in DVD format, available separately or in a boxed set. These are also available only with re-done Japanese audio with English subtitles, the DVDs identical to the 20th anniversary release of the film compilation in Japan. The original Japanese voice cast members rerecorded their lines with the exception of those who were deceased. The 20th anniversary release was digitally remastered and many of the sound effects were replaced, most notably the futuristic gun sounds being replaced by louder machine gun sound effects. Also, the music soundtrack, while not remixed was rearranged and in some cases removed from some scenes. The vocal songs are rearranged also, especially in the closing credits of the second and third films.

Bandai Visualhas announced the re-release of theMobile Suit Gundamfilms on DVD from new HD masters and with the original, theatrical, mono audio mix. This boxed set was released in Japan on December 21, 2007.[24][25]On May 18, 2010, Bandai Entertainment re-released the 20th anniversary version of the trilogy under their Anime Legends label.[26][27]As with the TV series, the films were re-released in North America under Sunrise themselves with distribution fromRight Stuf Inc.[16]

The trilogy of films were distributed on DVD in the United Kingdom by Beez Entertainment in 2005 in Japanese and with a selection of subtitle tracks including English. Anime Ltd. has since acquired the UK license and has released a limited edition Blu-ray box set of the film trilogy (limited to 500 units) as an exclusive, sold only on their AllTheAnime store. It was released on March 27, 2017, in Japanese with English subtitles only.

An animated film adaptation based on the "Cucuruz Doan's Island" episode titledMobile Suit Gundam: Cucuruz Doan's Island(Japanese:Cơ động chiến sĩ ガンダム ククルス·ドアン の đảo,Hepburn:Kidō Senshi Gandamu Kukurusu Doan no Shima)was released on June 3, 2022.[28]

Manga

[edit]

There have been three manga series based onMobile Suit Gundam.One was written byYū Okazakibetween 1979 and 1980 and compiled into two volumes.[29]Another isMobile Suit Gundam 0079by Kazuhisa Kondo. It was published inDengeki Comicsfrom 1993 to 2005 in a total of twelvetankōbonvolumes.[30]Viz Media published its first nine volumes in English between 2000 and 2003. The third manga isMobile Suit Gundam: The Originby anime character designerYoshikazu Yasuhiko.It was published from June 2001 to June 2011 inKadokawa Shoten'sGundam Acemagazine and collected in a total of 23tankōbonvolumes. The series was first released in English byViz Mediabut was dropped before it was completed; it was then released byVerticalfrom March 2013 to December 2015.

Besides adaptations, there is a popular parodyyonkomamanga titledMobile Suit Gundam-san,which was written and drawn by Hideki Ohwada and serialized in Kadokawa Shoten'sGundam Acemagazine since 2001. This manga was adapted into an anime in 2014. Ohwada also created a spinoff manga,Gundam Sousei(ガンダム sáng thế),which follows Yoshiyuki Tomino and the Sunrise staff as they work to make the television series and the compilation films. This series was serialized in Kadokawa Shoten'sGundam Acemagazine from 2009 to 2011 and compiled in theGundam-santankōbon starting in Volume 5. Kadokawa released two tankōbon volumes collectingGundam Souseichapters asThe Men Who Created Gundam(“ガンダム” を sang った nam たち,"Gundam" wo Tsukutta Otoko-tachi).DenpapublishedThe Men Who Created Gundamin English in June 2022 as an omnibus volume.

A continuation of theMobile Suit Gundam 0079manga, titledMobile Suit Gundam 0079 Episode II Luna,began serialization inKadokawa Shoten'sGundam Acemagazine on November 26, 2022.[31]

Video games

[edit]
Main article:List of Gundam video games

(For the list below, only video games featuring mobile suits that appeared in the One Year War, or related variations are included.)

There have been many video games based on or with mobile suits from the originalGundamseries. Of these, the following have been released in North America:

Games that have been unreleased in countries outside Japan[citation needed]include:

Reception, influence and legacy

[edit]
See also:Cultural impact of Gundam

Gundamwas not popular when it first aired, and in fact came close to being cancelled. The series was originally set to run for 52 episodes but was cut down to 39 by the show's sponsors, which includedClover(the original toymakers for the series). However, the staff was able to negotiate a one-month extension to end the series with 43 episodes.[32]WhenBandaibought the copyrights to build plastic models for the show's mecha, which was a relatively new market compared to the oldChogokinseries Clover was making, things changed completely. With the introduction of their line of Gundammodels,the popularity of the show began to soar. The models sold very well, the show began to do very well in reruns and its theatrical compilation was a huge success.[33]Audiences were expecting anotherSuper RobotTV show, and instead foundGundam,the first work of anime in an entirely new genre: the Real Robot genre.[34]The Anime ranked #2 onWizard's AnimeMagazine on their "Top 50 Anime released in North America",[35]and is regarded as changing the concept of Japanese robot anime and the turning point of history in Japan.[36]

Despite being released in 1979, the originalGundamseries is still remembered and recognized within theanime fan community.The series revolutionizedmechaanime,[37]introducing the new Real Robot genre, and over the years became synonymous with the entire genre for many. As a result, for example,parodiesof mecha genre commonly featurehomagestoMobile Suit Gundam,thanks to its immediate recognizability.[38]

The series was the first winner of theAnimageAnime Grand Prix prize, in 1979 and the first half of 1980. In the top 100 anime fromAnimage,Gundamwas twenty-fourth.[39]The magazineWizardlisted the series as the second best anime of all time.[40]By the end of 2007, each episode of the original TV series averaged a sales figure of 80,928 copies, including all of the different formats it was published in (VHS, LD, DVD, etc.).[41]The first DVD box set sold over 100,000 copies in the first month of release, from December 21, 2007 to January 21, 2008.[42]As part of the 30th Anniversary of the Gundam series, the company officially announced a project on March 11, 2009 calledReal-G,a plan to build a1:1real size scale Gundam in Japan. It was completed in July 2009 and displayed in a Tokyo park then taken down later.[43]The 18-meter tall statue was reconstructed in Shizuoka Prefecture and was taken down in March 2011.[44]In August 2011 it was dismantled only to reopen in Odaiba, Tokyo on April 19, 2012.[45][46]It stood Odaiba along with a gift shop called "Gundam Front Tokyo" until it was dismantled in March 2016.

Most of the critical response to the series has been due to the setting and characters.John Oppligerobserves that the characters ofAmuro Ray,to whom the young Japanese of that time could easily relate, andChar Aznable,who was "simply [...] fascinating", made a major contribution to the series' popularity. He also concludes that "in many respects First Gundam stands for the nostalgic identifying values of everything that anime itself represents".[38]The series has been praised byAnime News Networkfor the way it portrays war with Amuro facing traumatic moments as a result of killing enemy soldiers in his becoming of a soldier.[47][48]The series is also notable for having humans from a different race as antagonists rather than evil creatures. However, the animation has been noted to have notoriously aged when compared with series seen in the 2000s.[48][49]

Mecha anime creatorShoji KawamoriattendedKeio Universityin the same years asMacrossscreenwriterHiroshi Ōnogiand character designerHaruhiko Mikimoto,where they had aMobile Suit Gundamfan club called "Gunsight One", a name they would use years later as the call sign of the bridge of theSDF-1spaceship from their firstMacrossanime television series. In fact,The Super Dimension Fortress Macrossmecha anime series was inspired by Gundam in several aspects during its early development.[50]Guillermo del Torohas cited the series as an influence onPacific Rim.[51]

American musicianRichie Kotzen,former guitarist fromPoisonand Mr. Big, released an album calledAi Senshi ZxRin 2006 in Japan. The album consisted of covered music from the Gundam series and original songs. American musicianAndrew W.K.also released an album calledGundam Rockon September 9, 2009, in Japan. The album consists of covered music from the Gundam series to celebrate its 30th anniversary.[52]

Background research

[edit]

The background research ofMobile Suit Gundamis well praised in its field. The positions in which the colonies (sides) are located in orbit are calledLagrangian points,and are real world solutions to thethree-body problem.The colonies (sides) are based on theO'Neill cylinderdesign forspace habitats.[53][54][55]The Gundam franchise was a major contributing factor to the fame of the O'Neil cylinder in Japan.[56]

Rides

[edit]

"Gundam the Ride: A Baoa Qu" was anamusement parkattraction at theFuji-Q HighlandAmusement Park located inFujiyoshida, Yamanashi,Japan. It was adark ridefor the park. Gundam the Ride, which opened to the public on July 20, 2000, was based onMobile Suit Gundam.Set during the final chaotic Battle of A Baoa Qu, Gundam the Ride places its riders in an Escape Launch Shuttle about to leave the battleshipSuruga.

The animation of Gundam the Ride used mostly computer graphics, however, all human characters were hand-drawn cel animation, similar to the style currentGundamvideo games are done in. All of the character designs for Gundam the Ride were done byHaruhiko Mikimoto.The ride's characters make a cameo appearance in the video game "Encounters in Space" while the player (playing as Amuro Ray in his Gundam) is making his way through theDolos.

The ride closed on January 8, 2007, and replaced with "Gundam Crisis Attraction" The main feature of this attraction is a full size 1:1 Gundam model, lying flat inside the venue. Instead of sitting in a movable cockpit and watching a CG movie, it requires participants to carry handheld devices throughout the attraction to find certain pieces of information, similar to ascavenger hunt,in order to activate the Gundam. The interior of the attraction is a mock-up of a Federation ship, and employees remain in-character inside of the ride.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Series creator and director Yoshiyuki Tomino requested that episode 15 be removed from international release, as he believed that the episode was not on par with the rest of the anime. As a result, there are only 42 episodes officially released in North America. Italy was the only region to officially release the episode outside Japan.

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcd"Q&A with Yoshiyuki Tomino".Anime News Network.September 14, 2009.Archivedfrom the original on December 20, 2018.RetrievedNovember 15,2013.
  2. ^Tomino, Yoshiyuki (2004).Mobile Suit Gundam: Awakening, Escalation, Confrontation.Stone Bridge Press. p. 8.ISBN978-1-880656-86-0.Archivedfrom the original on February 15, 2017.RetrievedSeptember 24,2016.
  3. ^Stahl, David (2010).Imag(in)ing the War in Japan.BRILL. p. 335.ISBN978-9004182981.
  4. ^"The Mike Toole Show Super Robot Island: Final".Anime News Network.November 18, 2012.Archivedfrom the original on November 20, 2012.RetrievedNovember 18,2012.
  5. ^abGundam Century Renewal Version,Kishosha, March 15, 2000,ISBN4-87777-028-3
  6. ^Newtypemagazine 1989 April Issue
  7. ^N. Hornyak, Timothy (2006).Loving the Machine: The Art and Science of Japanese Robots.Kodansha International. p.64.ISBN978-4770030122.
  8. ^"AntonioGenna.net presenta: IL MONDO DEI DOPPIATORI - ZONA ANIMAZIONE:" Gundam "/" Mobile Suit Gundam "".antoniogenna.net.Archivedfrom the original on May 1, 2012.RetrievedJuly 18,2011.
  9. ^http:// animenewsnetwork /edit-list/2002-03-04/cartoon-network-interviewArchivedSeptember 8, 2007, at theWayback Machineinterview
  10. ^http:// rottentomatoes /m/mobile_suit_gundam_vol_1_the_battle_begins/ArchivedApril 7, 2008, at theWayback MachineRotten Tomatoes page of the first volume.
  11. ^http:// animejump /modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=viewarticle&artid=40&page=1( "The sound quality of the recordings that remain from First Gundam is quite poor at this time. Because of this, there was no other way but to re-record the First Gundam movies, including the addition of new music. So, there would be no possibility of having the original soundtrack released in the United States." )
  12. ^Otona no Gundam, Adult's Gundam, Nikki Entertainment
  13. ^Tei, Andrew (28 September 2004) [2002]."Yoshiyuki Tomino Panel – the daddy of Gundam!".Anime on DVD. Archived fromthe originalon 18 October 2004.I asked that it would be skipped. There is a reason, but since the staff is still alive I can't answer it. It's a long story.
  14. ^"Bandai Ent. Adds 1st Gundam TV Series With English Subs".Anime News Network.October 9, 2010.Archivedfrom the original on October 10, 2010.RetrievedOctober 9,2010.
  15. ^"Mobile Suit Gundam Complete Collection 1: Anime DVD Region 1 US Import NTSC: Amazon.co.uk: DVD & Blu-ray".Amazon.co.uk.Archivedfrom the original on September 9, 2020.RetrievedSeptember 5,2017.
  16. ^ab"Sunrise Partners With Right Stuf to Release Gundam Franchise Stateside".Anime News Network.2014-10-11.Archivedfrom the original on October 11, 2014.RetrievedOctober 11,2014.
  17. ^"Right Stuf, Sunrise to Release Original Gundam TV Anime on Blu-ray Disc".Anime News Network.2015-07-03.Archivedfrom the original on July 5, 2015.Retrieved2015-07-05.
  18. ^Tomino, Yoshiyuki (2004).Mobile Suit Gundam.Berkeley: Stone Bridge Press. p. 11.ISBN1-880656-86-8.
  19. ^Tomino, Yoshiyuki (2004).Mobile Suit Gundam.Berkeley: Stone Bridge Press. pp. 470–473.ISBN1-880656-86-8.
  20. ^Clements, Jonathan (2017).Anime: A History.Bloomsbury Publishing.p. 167.ISBN9781844578849.Archivedfrom the original on August 6, 2020.RetrievedFebruary 20,2019.
  21. ^ab"ガンダムで ánh họa hóa された tác phẩm を chấn り phản る".データガンダム(in Japanese). 2018-10-11.Archivedfrom the original on 2018-12-15.Retrieved2018-12-12.
  22. ^"1982 năm ( 1 nguyệt ～12 nguyệt )".Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan.Archived fromthe originalon March 6, 2018.RetrievedMarch 5,2018.
  23. ^"Nhật Bản アカデミー thưởng にもノミネート ánh họa “ONE ＰＩＥCＥ” が siêu えた danh tác アニメ ánh họa ".Naver Matome.Naver.2013-01-24.Archivedfrom the original on July 31, 2015.Retrieved19 February2019.
  24. ^[ thương phẩm kỹ càng tỉ mỉ ] バンダイビジュアル kabushiki gaisha
  25. ^"Gunota Headlines".aeug.blogspot.Archivedfrom the original on August 14, 2007.RetrievedAugust 2,2007.
  26. ^"Mobile Suit Gundam Trilogy Anime Legends".store.bandai-ent. Archived fromthe originalon July 9, 2010.Retrieved2015-11-11.
  27. ^"Amazon: Mobile Suit Gundam Trilogy Anime Legends: Tôru Furuya, Hirotaka Suzuoki, Yoshiyuki Tomino: Movies & TV".amazon.22 June 2010.Archivedfrom the original on September 9, 2020.RetrievedSeptember 5,2017.
  28. ^Hodgkins, Crystalyn (September 15, 2021)."Yoshikazu Yasuhiko Directs Gundam: Cucuruz Doan's Island Anime Film Opening in 2022".Anime News Network.RetrievedSeptember 15,2021.
  29. ^Cơ động chiến sĩ ガンダム (サンライズ・ロボット truyện tranh コレクションvol.1)(in Japanese).ASIN4775914219.
  30. ^Cơ động chiến sĩ ガンダム0079 VOL.1 ( điện kích コミックス) Kindle bản.Kadokawa. 26 November 2013.Archivedfrom the original on September 9, 2020.RetrievedMay 28,2020– via Amazon.
  31. ^Cayanan, Joanna (October 31, 2022)."Kazuhisa Kondō Launches Mobile Suit Gundam 0079 Episode Luna II Manga in November".Anime News Network.RetrievedOctober 31,2022.
  32. ^The Legend Story of Gundam, Goods Press, March 15, 2011,ISBN978-4-19-925031-6
  33. ^Lunning, Frenchy (2006).Emerging Worlds of Anime and Manga, Volume 1.U of Minnesota Press. p.175.ISBN978-0816649457.
  34. ^Oricon Style manga and anime interviews and specialsArchivedDecember 30, 2008, at theWayback Machine,Robot anime special,"リアルロボット" というジャンルを sinh み ra した tác phẩm が『 cơ động chiến sĩ ガンダム』である.(Mobile Suit Gundam, the series that gave birth to the genre named "Real Ro/9bot" )
  35. ^"Wizard lists Top 50 Anime".Anime News Network.July 6, 2001.Archivedfrom the original on April 2, 2014.Retrieved2014-02-02.
  36. ^"Anime Japan 2014".anime-japan.jp. Archived fromthe originalon April 3, 2014.Retrieved2015-11-11.
  37. ^Oppliger, John(June 24, 2008)."Ask John: Which Anime Have Been Ahead of Their Time?".AnimeNation.Archived fromthe originalon August 30, 2008.RetrievedFebruary 1,2010.
  38. ^abJohn Oppliger(May 16, 2008)."Ask John: Why Are Gundam Fans So Obsessed With First Gundam?".AnimeNation.Archivedfrom the original on May 20, 2008.RetrievedMay 30,2008.
  39. ^"Animage Top 100 anime listing".Anime News Network.January 15, 2001.Archivedfrom the original on April 15, 2019.RetrievedDecember 23,2013.
  40. ^"Wizard lists Top 50 Anime".Anime News Network.July 16, 2001.Archivedfrom the original on April 2, 2014.RetrievedDecember 23,2013.
  41. ^TVアニメ lịch đại bán thượng tích lũy bình quân ランキング mới nhất bản TOP25
  42. ^Otona no Gundam Perfect, Nikkei Business Publications January 21, 2008
  43. ^1/1 thật vật đại ガンダム đại địa に lập つ!
  44. ^"Tĩnh cương の không をそめていく...... Thật vật đại ガンダム công khai thẳng trước リポート – ITmedia News"(in Japanese). July 7, 2010.Archivedfrom the original on August 8, 2010.RetrievedSeptember 19,2010."Shizuoka... full-scale Gundam"
  45. ^"Life-Size Gundam Rises Again at Tokyo's Odaiba in Video".Anime News Network.2012-04-22.Archivedfrom the original on October 29, 2016.Retrieved2012-05-04.
  46. ^"Giant 60-Foot 'Mobile Suit Gundam' Statue Presides Over DiverCity Tokyo Plaza (PHOTO)".Huffington Post.2012-05-01.Archivedfrom the original on September 20, 2016.Retrieved2012-05-04.
  47. ^Shepard, Chris (January 21, 2002)."Mobile Suit Gundam DVD 2".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on December 3, 2013.RetrievedNovember 28,2013.
  48. ^abDong, Bamboo (January 27, 2002)."MS Gundam (Dub only) DVD Vol. 3: The Threat of Zeon".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on December 3, 2013.RetrievedNovember 28,2013.
  49. ^Wallis, J. Doyle."Mobile Suit Gundam Movie I".DVDTalk.Archivedfrom the original on December 14, 2013.RetrievedDecember 24,2013.
  50. ^"Translation & Cultural Notes".The Super Dimension Fortress Macross Liner Notes.AnimEigo.December 21, 2001. Archived fromthe originalon August 13, 2009.RetrievedFebruary 12,2012.According to the liner notes of the AnimEigo DVD release of the Macross TV seriesGunsight Onewas also the fanzine title of theGundamfan club that creator Shoji Kawamori, character designer Haruhiko Mikimoto, and writer Hiroshi Oonogi (members number 1, 2, and 3 of said club) founded while they were students at Keio University in Japan...
  51. ^"Pacific Rim Director Visits Odaiba's Life-Size Gundam in Video".Archivedfrom the original on August 9, 2015.RetrievedAugust 16,2015.
  52. ^"Gundam RockEnglish Cover Album to Ship in Japan ".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on September 26, 2009.RetrievedSeptember 16,2009.
  53. ^Gundam Century, Gundam Science, High Frontier
  54. ^Gundam SF World
  55. ^Mobile Suit Gundam Epoch Vol. 1
  56. ^Vương lập khoa học viện bảo tàng
[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related toMobile Suit Gundam.
Preceded by
none
 Gundammetaseries (production order)
1979–1980 		Succeeded by
Preceded by GundamUniversal Centurytimeline
U.C. 0079–0080 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mobile_Suit_Gundam&oldid=1253708799"