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Belgorod

Coordinates:50°36′N36°36′E/ 50.600°N 36.600°E/50.600; 36.600
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For other uses, seeBelgorod (disambiguation).

Belgorod
Белгород
City[1]
View of the city
View of the city
Flag of Belgorod
Flag
Coat of arms of Belgorod
Coat of arms
Location of Belgorod
Map
Belgorod is located in Belgorod Oblast
Belgorod
Belgorod
Location of Belgorod
Belgorod is located in European Russia
Belgorod
Belgorod
Belgorod (European Russia)
Belgorod is located in Russia
Belgorod
Belgorod
Belgorod (Russia)
Coordinates:50°36′N36°36′E/ 50.600°N 36.600°E/50.600; 36.600
CountryRussia
Federal subjectBelgorod Oblast[1]
Founded1596[2]
Government
• BodyCouncil of Deputies[3]
• Mayor[5]Valentin Demidov[4](UR)
Elevation
130 m (430 ft)
Population
(2010 Census)[6]
• Total356,402
• Estimate
(January 2015)[7]
384,425
• Rank49thin 2010
•Subordinated tocity of oblast significanceof Belgorod[1]
•CapitalofBelgorod Oblast,[1]city of oblast significance of Belgorod[1]
•Urban okrugBelgorod Urban Okrug[8]
•CapitalofBelgorod Urban Okrug[8]
Time zoneUTC+3(MSKEdit this on Wikidata[9])
Postal code(s)[10]
308000–308002, 308004–308007, 308009–308020, 308023–308027, 308029, 308031–308034, 308036, 308099, 308700, 308880, 308890, 308899, 308940, 308960, 308961, 308967, 308971–308974, 308991–308994
Dialing code(s)+7 472[11]
OKTMOID14701000001
City Day5 August[12]
Websitewww.beladm.ru

Belgorod(Russian:Белгород,pronounced[ˈbʲelɡərət];Ukrainian:Бєлгород[a][13]or Білгород[b][14][15][ˈbʲiɫɦɔrɔd]) is acitythat serves as the administrative center ofBelgorod Oblast,Russia,located on theSeversky Donets River,approximately 40 kilometers (25 mi) north of theborder with Ukraine.It has a population of339,978 (2021 Census).[16]

Etymology

The nameBelgorod(Белгород) inRussianliterally means "white city", a compound of "белый"(bely,"white, light" ) and "город"(gorod,"town, city" ). The name is a reference to the region's historical abundance oflimestone.[17]Etymologically, the name corresponds to otherSlaviccity-names of identical meaning:Belgrade,Belogradchik,Białogard,Biograd,Bilhorod Kyivskyi,andBilhorod-Dnistrovskyi.

Demographics

Further information:Demographics of Russia

The population of Belgorod is 339,978 as of the most recent censuses: 339,978 (2021 Census);[16]356,402 (2010 Russian census);[6]337,030 (2002 Census);[18]300,408 (1989 Soviet census).[19]

As of the2021 Census,the ethnic composition of Belgorod was:

Ethnicity 2010[20] 2021[21]
Number % Number1 %
Russians 312,104 94.1% 174,787 92.0%
Ukrainians 11,120 3.4% 4,109 2.2%
Others 8,386 2.5% 11,151 5.8%

1149,931 people (or 44.1% of the population) residing in Belgorod did not state their ethnicity in the 2021 census.

Geography

Urban layout

Church of the Theotokos of Smolensk

Like many Russian cities, Belgorod began as a fortified settlement. The oldest Belgorod fortress was built at the end of the 16th century on a chalk mountain. According to scientific excavations and surviving archival data, the first fortress outpost was erected in 1596.[22]The site of the construction of the defensive facility was the top of the Belaya Gora ( "White Mountain" ). This is the highest point of the right bank of the Seversky Donets channel. On 17 September 1650, voivode Vasily Petrovich Golovin laid the foundation for the third Belgorod Fortress on the left bank of the Vezenitsa River, which flows into the Seversky Donets.[23]In the fall of 1650, a wooden fort with 11 towers was attached to the rampart of the Belgorod line, which runs from the fortress town Bolkhovets to the mouth of the Vezelka River in the area of the former brewery. The two parts of the city were connected by the Nikolskaya Passage Tower located in the eastern wall of the Kremlin. The position of the eastern wall of the Kremlin corresponded to the modern street of the 50th anniversary of the Belgorod Oblast. With the expansion of the borders of theRussian state,the military significance of the Belgorod fortress gradually decreased and by the middle of the 18th century, only the Kremlin remained from the formidable fortress.[24]

Men's Monastery in 1911

In the fall of 1766, the new governor, Andrei Fliverk pushed for a new city plan. A regular street plan was developed and signed on 18 April 1767. The architect's signature is not legible, but it may have been signed byAndrey Kvasov.The central part of the plan was occupied by an octahedral "marketplace" with 64 stone shops and 20 warehouse barns. Moskovskaya, Kievskaya, Voronezhskaya and Kharkovskaya streets ran from the trading area in four directions. According to the plan, it was supposed to divide the entire city into 16 quarters, 4 of which should be built up with stone houses, and the rest with wooden and huts. The plan was executed formally without taking into account the buildings that survived the fire, the Kremlin fortress and the terrain.[25]On 28 April 1768, a new plan was developed[26]under the leadership ofAndrey Kvasovwho was the author of a number of city plans. The plans overlaid the old city center layout and the projected one. It provided for a trading area, which in the west adjoined the fortress Kremlin, and in the east ended with stone benches of theGostiny dvorin the form of two arcs. The central planning axis was also chosen relative to which the directions of mutuallyperpendicularstreets were formed.

Travel notes which were published in 1781 showed the location of a sketch of the ramparts of the lost ancient settlement. Only in the middle of the 1950s, the archaeologistArkady Nikitincarried out excavations at the site of the first fortress, where the remains of ancient ramparts and ditches were still clearly visible.[27]though the fortress itself was destroyed already in the 1860s during the construction of the railway the eastern part of the chalk mountain, on which the Kremlin was located, was collapsed. The location of the first fortress approximately corresponded to the location of the modern car market on Byelaya Gora.[28][29]

In the 1780s, during the general survey of the Russian lands, several plans of Belgorod were fulfilled. When drawing up plans, an overlay of the old and new layouts of Kvasov was used. The plans described above give a distorted position of church estates, which were fixed when the city was laid and, as a rule, did not change. The plan, signed by the titular adviser Salkov, is the most accurate plan of Belgorod in the second half of the 18th century.[30]

View of Belgorod

Climate

Belgorod's climate ishumid continental(Köppen climate classificationDfbslightly cooler thanDfa) featuring moderate precipitation. Winters are rather cold and changeable with frequent warmings followed by rains. Temperatures may occasionally fall below −15 °C (5 °F) for about one week or more. Summer is warm and either humid and rainy or hot and droughty. Autumn is mild and rainy. The Belgorod reservoirs get covered with ice by the end of November or the beginning of December, and the ice layer typically lasts until March or April.

  • average yeartemperature:+ 7.7 °C
  • averagehumidity:76%
  • average wind speed: 5–7 m/s
  • average precipitation 380–620 mm (14.96–24.41 in), mostly in summer.
Climate data for Belgorod
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 6.6
(43.9) 		12.3
(54.1) 		19.4
(66.9) 		25.6
(78.1) 		34.4
(93.9) 		35.7
(96.3) 		38.9
(102.0) 		36.3
(97.3) 		33.5
(92.3) 		27.6
(81.7) 		17.4
(63.3) 		8.9
(48.0) 		38.9
(102.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −3.0
(26.6) 		−2.9
(26.8) 		2.8
(37.0) 		13.2
(55.8) 		20.5
(68.9) 		23.9
(75.0) 		26.0
(78.8) 		25.2
(77.4) 		18.6
(65.5) 		11.1
(52.0) 		1.9
(35.4) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		11.3
(52.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.1
(21.0) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		8.9
(48.0) 		15.5
(59.9) 		19.4
(66.9) 		21.8
(71.2) 		21.2
(70.2) 		15.1
(59.2) 		8.0
(46.4) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		7.7
(45.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −10.0
(14.0) 		−9.9
(14.2) 		−4.0
(24.8) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		9.7
(49.5) 		14.1
(57.4) 		16.8
(62.2) 		16.3
(61.3) 		10.9
(51.6) 		4.7
(40.5) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		−9
(16) 		3.5
(38.3)
Record low °C (°F) −34.5
(−30.1) 		−29.7
(−21.5) 		−31.1
(−24.0) 		−9.7
(14.5) 		−3.1
(26.4) 		2.9
(37.2) 		8.7
(47.7) 		7.1
(44.8) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−6.2
(20.8) 		−21
(−6) 		−32.1
(−25.8) 		−34.5
(−30.1)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 52
(2.0) 		40
(1.6) 		36
(1.4) 		46
(1.8) 		48
(1.9) 		67
(2.6) 		72
(2.8) 		53
(2.1) 		49
(1.9) 		40
(1.6) 		52
(2.0) 		50
(2.0) 		605
(23.8)
Average precipitation days 10 9 8 7 7 8 9 7 7 7 10 11 100
Source 1: belgorod-meteo.ru[31]
Source 2: world-climates[32]

History

Before the 20th century

Monument to Grand PrinceVladimir the Greatin Belgorod

There was a settlement of theSlavictribe ofSeveriansin the area, which was probably destroyed at the beginning of the 10th century by the nomadicPechenegs.In 965, the lands in the upper reaches of Seversky Donets were annexed to thePrincipality of Pereyaslavl.

Records first mention the settlement in 1237, when the Mongol-led army ofBatu Khanravaged it during theMongol invasion of Kievan Rus'.It is unclear whether this Belgorod stood on the same site as the current city. In 1596 TsarFeodor Ioannovichof Russia ordered its re-establishment as one of numerous forts set up todefend Russian southern bordersfrom theCrimean Tatars.[2]Belgorod was part of a chain offortification lines,created byGrand Duchy of Moscowand later theTsardom of Russiato protect it from theCrimean–Nogai slave raidsthat ravaged the southern provinces of the country during theRusso-Crimean Wars.[33]The tsar appointed two princes-governors to supervise the construction of Belgorod: Mikhail Vasilyevich Nozdrovaty and Andrei Romanovich Volkonsky. The first Belgorod fortress was built on the high right bank of the Seversky Donets, in the area of the current car market; the Belgorod Kremlin was close to the present-day Belaya Gora restaurant. The legendary White Mountain has not survived, as it was completely torn down for chalk mining in the 1950s.

Belgorod fortress in the 17th century

The first Belgorod fortress stood for sixteen years, withstanding several major attacks, both from the Tatars and from thePolish–Lithuaniantroops who participated in thewars with the Russian stateduring theTime of Troubles.In 1612 the Belgorod fortress was taken and burned by a detachment of Lithuanians. The governor, Nikita Likharev, by order of the tsar, was already building the second Belgorod fortress on the opposite bank of the Seversky Donets the following year, 1613. Over the next decades, Belgorodians repulsed a large number of attacks on their lands. By the middle of the 17th century, the question arose about the construction of a new Belgorod fortress three kilometers south of the existing one.

In the 17th century Belgorod suffered repeatedly fromTatar incursions,against which Russia built (from 1633 to 1740) an earthen wall, with twelve forts, extending upwards of 200 miles (320 kilometres) from theVorsklain the west to theDonin the east, and called theBelgorod line[ru].In 1666 theMoscow Patriarchateestablished anarchiepiscopal seein the town.[34]

TsarPeter the Greatvisited Belgorod on the eve of theBattle of Poltavain 1709.

After the Russian border moved south following successful wars against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the second half of the 17th century, the strategic importance of the city gradually decreased, and on 13 May 1785, by decree ofCatherine II,Belgorod was excluded from the number of fortresses of theRussian Empire.From that moment on, the city plunged into the measured provincial life of the central black earth zone of Russia. Military life was replaced by agricultural life, the number of spiritual, educational, industrial and commercial institutions were growing, and in the historical chronicles of the Russian Empire, the city seems to have fallen asleep for a century. The Belgorod province disappeared from the geographical maps, and the city was for a long time a part of the firstKursk Governorate,then the Kursk province, and, finally, the Kursk region. Adragoonregiment had its base in the town until 1917.

GlorificationofJoasaph,Belgorod, 4 September 1911

Ioasaph of Belgorod,an 18th-century bishop of Belgorod and Oboyanska, became widely venerated as a miracle worker and wasglorifiedas a saint of theRussian Orthodox Churchin 1911.

20th and 21st centuries

View of Belgorod in 1912

Soviet power was established in the city on 26 October (8 November) 1917. On 10 April 1918, troops of theImperial German Armyoccupied Belgorod. After the conclusion of theBrest-Litovsk peace treatyof 9 February 1918 the demarcation line passed to the north of the city. Belgorod became part of the newly proclaimedUkrainian People's Republic(February to May 1918) andUkrainian Stateheaded byHetmanPavlo Skoropadskyi.

On 20 December 1918, after the overthrow of German-backed Skoropadskyi, the SovietRed Armyregained control over the city, which became part of theRussian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.From 24 December 1918 to 7 January 1919, theProvisional Workers' and Peasants' Government of Ukraine,then led by GeneralGeorgy Pyatakov,was based in Belgorod. The city served as the temporary capital of the Ukrainian People's Republic. From 23 June to 7 December 1919, theVolunteer Armyoccupied the town as part ofWhite-controlledSouth Russia.

From September 1925, the territorial 163rd Infantry Regiment of the 55th Infantry Division of Kursk was stationed in Belgorod. In September 1939, it was deployed to the 185th Infantry Division.

On 2 March 1935, thePresidium of the Central Executive Committeeof the Soviet Union decided to allocate the city of Belgorod, Kursk region, into an independent administrative unit directly subordinate to theKursk RegionalExecutive Committee.

The GermanWehrmachtoccupied Belgorod from 25 October 1941 to 9 February 1943. The Germans operated aforced labourbattalion for Jews in the city.[35]The Germans re-captured it on 18 March 1943 in the final move of theThird Battle of Kharkov.On 12 July 1943, during theBattle of Kursk,the largesttankbattle in world history took place nearProkhorovka,and the Red Army definitively retook the city on 5/6 August 1943. TheBelgorod Diorama[de]is one of the World War II monuments commemorating the event.

In 1954, the city became the administrative center ofBelgorod Oblastand rapidly developed as a regional industrial and cultural center.[36]The major educational centers of the city areBelgorod State University,theBelgorod Technological University,theBelgorod Agrarian University[ru],and the Financial Academy. Belgorod Drama Theater is named after the famous 19th-century actorMikhail Shchepkin,who was born in this region.

View of Belgorod in 2018

On 22 April 2013,a mass shootingoccurred at approximately 2:20 PMMoscowtime on a street in Belgorod. The shooter, identified as 31-year-old Sergey Pomazun (Russian:Сергей Помазун), opened fire with a semi-automatic rifle on several people at a gun store and on a sidewalk, killing all six people whom he hit: three people at the store and three passers-by, including two teenage girls. Pomazun was apprehended after an extensive day-long manhunt; during his arrest, he wounded a policeman with a knife. He was sentenced to life in prison on 23 August 2013.

There were severalattackson Belgorod during theRussian invasion of Ukraine.Russian officials claimed that Belgorod was repeatedly targeted by indiscriminate Ukrainian attacks.[37]On 1 April 2022, two UkrainianMi-24performed a night raid and set fire to a fuel depot in Belgorod, in a low-altitude airstrike.[38][39]On 20 April 2023, a RussianSu-34fighter jetaccidentally dropped a bombon the city, leaving a crater 20 metres (66 ft) across and injuring two people.[40][41]On 22 April, more than 3,000 people were evacuated from their homes after an undetonated explosive was found; it was not known if the second bomb had come from the same aircraft.[42]On 30 December, aUkrainian airstrikekilled 25 people and wounded over 100.[43]In March 2024, authorities began evacuating 9,000 children from the city and wider region due to shelling and drone attacks.[44]On 6 May, at least six people were killed following a Ukrainian drone strike.[45]On 12 May, 16 people were killed when a section of an apartment block collapsed.Russian MODclaimed it as a Ukrainian missile strike.[46]CITinvestigators said the building was most likely hit by a Russian bomb, as the explosion occurred on the North-Eastern side of the building, opposite to the border with Ukraine.[47][48]

Administrative and municipal status

Bogdan Khmelnitsky Avenue in Belgorod

Belgorod is theadministrative centerof theoblast.[1]Within theframework of administrative divisions,it is incorporated as thecity of oblast significanceof Belgorod—an administrative unit with status equal to that of thedistricts.[1]As amunicipal division,the city of oblast significance of Belgorod is incorporated as Belgorod Urban Okrug.[8]

For administrative purposes, Belgorod is divided into two cityokrugs:

  • Vostochny( "Eastern" ), population: 141,844 (2010 Census)[6]
  • Zapadny( "Western" ), population: 214,558 (2010 Census)[6]

Transportation

LiAZ-5293 CNG low-entry bus
AKSM-420 Vitovt trolleybus

There has been a railway connection between Belgorod and Moscow since 1869.[49]The city is served byBelgorod International Airport(EGO) in the north of the city.

There are two bus stations: Bus Belgorod, Belgorod- 2 Bus Terminal (located on the forecourt), and the bus stop complex Energomash. The Energomash bus station is mainly for commuter buses. Buses run from the Belgorod-2 station mainly to nearby regional centers, and depart in accordance with the arrival of trains.

Trolleybus services were discontinued on 30 June 2022 and replaced by diesel buses, despite public support for retention of the trolleybus system. The officially cited reason for the closure was inadequate condition of the overhead contact lines and insufficient funds for its modernization. The length of trolley lines was over 120 km (75 mi). Trolleybus city park consisted of 150 pieces of equipment, mainly Russian-made trolley ZiU-682V, 2 units ZiU-683, operated from 1990, and 3 units ZiU-6205, 30 units "Optima", and one trolley Skoda-VSW -14Tr, which started operation in 1996. The city administration purchased 15 new ZiU-682G trolleybuses in 2002, another 20 new ZiU-682Gs in 2005, 30 Trolza-5275.05 "Optima" trolleybuses in 2011, and 20 new ACSM-420 trolleybuses in 2013.[citation needed]

Culture and art

Belgorod Drama Theater
Street art festival in Belgorod

Theaters

  • Belgorod Drama Theater
  • Belgorod Puppet Theater
  • Two monkeys, Belgorod clowning theater

Museums

  • Belgorod historical museum
  • Belgorod Art Museum
  • Belgorod Museum of Folk Culture
  • Belgorod Diorama of the Tank Battle of 1943

Festivals

  • White mask, a festival of street arts

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Belgorod istwinnedwith:[50]

Former twin town:

Notes

  1. ^romanized:Bielhorod
  2. ^romanized:Bilhorod

References

  1. ^abcdefgLaw #248
  2. ^abЭнциклопедия Города России.Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 39.ISBN5-7107-7399-9.
  3. ^Charter of Belgorod, Article 26
  4. ^"Мэр Белгорода ушел в отставку".rbc.ru(in Russian). 31 October 2022.
  5. ^Charter of Belgorod, Article 35
  6. ^abcdRussian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1].Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census](in Russian).Federal State Statistics Service.
  7. ^Belgorod Oblast Territorial Branch of theFederal State Statistics Service.Численность населения Белгородской области по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2015 годаArchived18 May 2015 at theWayback Machine(in Russian)
  8. ^abcLaw #159
  9. ^"Об исчислении времени".Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации(in Russian). 3 June 2011.Retrieved19 January2019.
  10. ^Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post).Поиск объектов почтовой связи(Postal Objects Search)(in Russian)
  11. ^"Dialing Code for Belgorod - Russia".
  12. ^Charter of Belgorod Oblast, Article 6
  13. ^"Бєлгород".
  14. ^"Administrative Maps of Ukraine, 1921-1937".Archived fromthe originalon 13 May 2020.
  15. ^Макарчук Степан Арсентійович (2008).Етнічна історія України.Kijów: Знання. p. 471.ISBN978-966-346-409-1.
  16. ^abRussian Federal State Statistics Service.Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1[2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1](XLS)(in Russian).Federal State Statistics Service.
  17. ^"History of Belgorod".rusmania.Retrieved5 July2018.
  18. ^Federal State Statistics Service(21 May 2004).Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000](XLS).Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002](in Russian).
  19. ^Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров[All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers].Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989](in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – viaDemoscope Weekly.
  20. ^"Том 4. Национальный состав и владение языками. Гражданство".Территориальный органФедеральной службы государственной статистикипо Белгородской области.Retrieved24 May2023.
  21. ^"Национальный состав населения"(PDF).Территориальный органФедеральной службы государственной статистикипо Белгородской области.Retrieved24 May2023.
  22. ^"Russia At a Glance. Belgorod".HED.Retrieved1 November2023.
  23. ^Сальникова О.Н.История Белгородской крепости на берегу реки Везелицы в контексте развития геодезического краеведения(in Russian).
  24. ^П.М. Беляев, А.П. Чиченков (1962).Белгород: Очерк о прошлом, настоящем и будущем города(in Russian). pp. 150–154.
  25. ^П.М. Беляев, А.П. Чиченков (1962).Белгород: Очерк о прошлом, настоящем и будущем города(in Russian). pp. 156–158.
  26. ^"ИСТОРИЯ ГРАЖДАНСКОГО ПРОСПЕКТА — САМОЙ СТАРОЙ УЛИЦЫ БЕЛГОРОДА"(in Russian).Retrieved30 October2023.
  27. ^"Письмо в редакцию по поводу" 1000-летия "г. Белгорода"(in Russian). historybel.narod.ru.Retrieved1 November2023.
  28. ^"Belgorod Krepost".Sovitskaya Archeologia.3:262–264.
  29. ^Зуев, Василий Федорович (1762).Путешественныя записки Василья Зуева от С. Петербурга до Херсона в 1781 и 1782 году(in Russian).
  30. ^"КРАСОТА РЕГУЛЯРСТВА".ssafro-n.livejournal.9 January 2013.
  31. ^"Belgorod oblast meteodata".Archived fromthe originalon 28 December 2011.
  32. ^"Belgorod Climate".Archived fromthe originalon 22 January 2016.Retrieved15 February2016.
  33. ^Khodarkovsky,Michael, "Russia's Steppe Frontier", 2002.
  34. ^One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911). "Byelgorod".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 895.
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  36. ^"Belgorod:: Regions & Cities:: Russia-InfoCentre".russia-ic.Retrieved20 July2018.
  37. ^"120 People Killed in Russian Border Region Since Invasion of Ukraine, Governor Says".The Moscow Times.23 April 2024.
  38. ^"Ukraine attacks Russian oil depot as Mariupol awaits evacuations and Putin's troops abandon Chernobyl".CBS News.1 April 2022.Retrieved2 April2022.
  39. ^Axe, David."Ukrainian Attack Helicopters Just Slipped Into Russia And Blew Up A Fuel Depot".Forbes.Retrieved1 April2022.
  40. ^Wright, George (21 April 2023)."Ukraine war: Russian warplane 'accidentally bombs own city'".BBC News.Retrieved21 April2023.
  41. ^Lendon, Radina; Gigova, Victoria; Butenko, Josh; Pennington, Brad (21 April 2023)."Russian jet drops bomb on Russian city, state media says".CNN.Retrieved21 April2023.
  42. ^"Russia's Belgorod sees mass evacuations over undetonated bomb".BBC News.22 April 2023.
  43. ^"How Belgorod has suffered from Ukraine's retaliation strikes".dw.Deutsche Welle. 9 January 2024.
  44. ^"Russia Moves 5,000 Children From Belgorod After Kyiv Attacks".The Moscow Times.30 March 2024.
  45. ^"6 Killed in Ukrainian Drone Attack on Russia's Belgorod".The Moscow Times.6 May 2024.
  46. ^"Death Toll in Missile Attack on Russia's Belgorod Climbs to 16".The Moscow Times.14 May 2024.
  47. ^"CIT: Вероятно, дом в Белгороде был разрушен боеприпасом РФ – DW – 13.05.2024".dw(in Russian).Retrieved28 May2024.
  48. ^""Не знаю, во что верить". Какая ракета разрушила дом в Белгороде ".Север.Реалии(in Russian). 14 May 2024.Retrieved28 May2024.
  49. ^"Train Station in Belgorod"(in Russian). Archived fromthe originalon 29 September 2013.
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  51. ^"Ukraine: Wakefield to sever ties with Russian twin city".BBC News.28 February 2022.Retrieved28 February2022.

Sources

  • Белгородский городской Совет депутатов. Решение №197 от 29 ноября 2005 г. «О принятии Устава городского округа "Город Белгород" », в ред. Решения №262 от 22 июля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав городского округа "Город Белгород" ». Вступил в силу 1 января 2006 г. (за исключением отдельных положений). Опубликован: "Наш Белгород", №50, 16 декабря 2005 г.(Belgorod City Council of Deputies. Decision #197 of November 29, 2005On the Adoption of the Charter of the Urban Okrug of the "City of Belgorod",as amended by the Decision #262 of July 22, 2015On Amending the Charter of the Urban Okrug of the "City of Belgorod".Effective as of January 1, 2006 (with the exception of certain clauses).).
  • Белгородская областная Дума. Закон №248 от 15 декабря 2008 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Белгородской области», в ред. Закона №213 от 4 июля 2013 г. «О внесении изменения в Закон Белгородской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Белгородской области" ». Вступил в силу по истечении 10 дней со дня официального опубликования за исключением положений, для которых предусмотрены иные сроки вступления в силу. Опубликован: "Белгородские известия", №219-220, 19 декабря 2008 г.(Belgorod Oblast Duma. Law #248 of December 15, 2008On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Belgorod Oblast,as amended by the Law #213 of July 4, 2013On Amending the Law of Belgorod Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Belgorod Oblast".Effective as of 10 days after the day of the official publication; except for the portions for which other effective dates are specified.).
  • Белгородская областная Дума. Закон №159 от 20 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения, городского округа, муниципального района», в ред. Закона №244 от 4 декабря 2013 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 12 Закона Белгородской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения, городского округа, муниципального района" ». Вступил в силу по истечении 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Белгородские известия", №218–220, 24 декабря 2004 г.(Belgorod Oblast Duma. Law #159 of December 20, 2004On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations and on Granting Them a Status of Urban, Rural Settlement, Urban Okrug, Municipal District,as amended by the Law #244 of December 4, 2013On Amending Article 12 of the Law of Belgorod Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations and on Granting Them a Status of Urban, Rural Settlement, Urban Okrug, Municipal District".Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the official publication.).

External links

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