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Banaadir

Coordinates:2°2′59″N45°15′44″E/ 2.04972°N 45.26222°E/2.04972; 45.26222
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Banadir
Banaadir
Muqdisho
Mogadishu street scene
Mogadishustreet scene
Flag of Banadir
Flag
Coat of arms of Banadir
Coat of arms
Location in Somalia
Location in Somalia
Coordinates:2°2′59″N45°15′44″E/ 2.04972°N 45.26222°E/2.04972; 45.26222
CountrySomalia
CapitalMogadishu
Government
• TypeFederal
• GovernorYusuf Hussein Jimaale
Area
• Total370 km2(140 sq mi)
Population
(2019[1])
• Total2,330,700
• Density6,300/km2(16,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+3(EAT)
HDI(2017)0.657[2]
medium·1st

Banaadir(Somali:Banaadir,Arabic:بنادر,Italian:Benadir) is an administrative region (gobol) in southeasternSomalia.[3]It covers the same area as the city ofMogadishu,which serves as the capital. It is the only region in the country not belonging to any of thefive states.It is bordered to the northwest by the Shabelle river, and to the southeast by the Indian Ocean.[4]Although by far the smallest administrative region in Somalia, it has the largest population, estimated at 1,650,227 (including 369,288internally displaced persons) in 2014.[5]

The territorial extent and scope of the termBenaadirhas varied in definition throughout its history, with medieval usage extending Benaadir to huge swaths of coast adjacent to Mogadishu stretching as far as hundreds of miles, fromHobyoin the north. The early modern period which extended the meaning ofBenaadirto the interior midway towards theHirshabelleregion, to the contemporary period wherein sometimes the nonstandard misnomer of usage being interchangeable with the city of Mogadishu. This Banaadir municipality is bordered to the north byHirshabelleand to the southwest bySouth West,and is the only Somaligobol(administrative region) which is both a municipality and agobolknown as a region.

Overview

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The Banaadir region is bordered by theMiddle Shebelle(Shabeellaha Dhexe) andLower Shebelle(Shabeellaha Hoose), as well as the Indian Ocean.

"Benaadir" is derived from theSomalibanaadir,which means "coast", in reference to the southern Somali coastal citiesMogadishu,MerkaandBarawa.The place name reflects the region's medieval position as a key trade center withPersia,Arabian Peninsulaand the Swahili coast.[6]

The name derives from thePersianbandar meaning ‘port’ or ‘harbour’.[7]

Its capital is Mogadishu, known locally as Xamar (pronounced: Hamar), although the administrative region itself is coextensive with the city. Benaadir is much smaller than the historical region of Benadir, which covered most of the country's central and southern seaboard opposite theIndian Oceanand up to theJuba River,including Mogadishu.[8]

Thabit M. Abdi was appointed mayor of Mogadishu and governor of Banaadir in 2017, succeeding Yusuf Hussein Jimale who held that post since November 2015.[9]

History

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Political

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Tradition and old records assert that southern Somalia, including the Mogadishu area, was inhabited byBenadirisfor centuries[10]and was during theearly modern periodconsidered the wealthiest city on theEast Africancoast, as well as the center of a thrivingtextileindustry.[11]In the 17th century, Mogadishu and parts of southern Somalia fell under theHiraab Imamateand in the 19th century came under theGeledi Sultanate's sphere of influence.

After the Somali Republic became independent in 1960, Mogadishu became known and promoted as theWhite Pearl of the Indian Ocean.After the ousting of theSiad Barreregime in 1991 and the ensuingSomali Civil War,various militias fought for control of the city, later to be replaced by theIslamic Courts Unionin the mid-2000s. The ICU thereafter splintered into more radical groups, notably theal-Shabaab,which fought theTransitional Federal Government(2004–2012) and itsAfrican Union Mission to Somaliaallies. With a change in administration in late 2010, government troops and their military partners had succeeded in forcing out Al-Shabaab by August 2011. Mogadishu has then subsequently experienced a period of intense reconstruction.

Population

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The 1,650,227 (as of 2014) residents of Benaadir are 50.7% female and come from 303,021 households.[5]It has the highest percentage of residents who are internally displaced persons among the regions of Somalia, because of its relative safety, economic opportunities and availability of resources.[5]

Districts

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The Banaadir region consists of seventeen districts.[12]Warta Nabada District was previously known as Wardhigley District until it was officially renamed in 2012.[13]Kahda District was formed in 2013 and is still absent from most maps.[14]

References

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  1. ^"Somalia: Subdivision and cities".citypopulation.de.Archivedfrom the original on 25 April 2024.Retrieved14 February2024.
  2. ^"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab".hdi.globaldatalab.org.Archivedfrom the original on 23 September 2018.Retrieved13 September2018.
  3. ^"Somalia".The World Factbook.Langley, Virginia: Central Intelligence Agency.Archivedfrom the original on 1 July 2014.Retrieved23 March2015.
  4. ^Eno, Omar A., Mohamed A. Eno, and Dan Van Lehman. "Defining the problem in Somalia: perspectives from the southern minorities." Journal of the Anglo-Somali Society 47 (2010): 19-30.
  5. ^abc"Population Estimation Survey 2014 for the 18 Pre-War Regions of Somalia"(PDF).United Nations Population Fund.Archived(PDF)from the original on 4 March 2016.Retrieved23 October2016.
  6. ^Njoku, Raphael Chijioke (2013).The History of Somalia.ABC-CLIO. p. 69.ISBN978-0313378577.Archivedfrom the original on 18 May 2024.Retrieved14 September2014.
  7. ^Everett-Heath, John (24 October 2019).The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names.Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/acref/9780191882913.001.0001.ISBN978-0-19-188291-3.Archivedfrom the original on 22 May 2024.Retrieved15 March2023.
  8. ^Le missioni cattoliche rivista quindicinale(in Italian). 1891.
  9. ^"Thabit Abdi named as the new Mayor of Mogadishu".Hiiraan Online. 6 April 2017.Archivedfrom the original on 25 July 2019.Retrieved11 July2019.
  10. ^Lewis, I. M. (1999).A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa.James Currey Publishers.ISBN978-0-85255-280-3.Archivedfrom the original on 29 March 2022.Retrieved6 November2020.
  11. ^Horn and Crescent Cultural Change and Traditional Islam on the East African Coast, by Randall L. Pouwels – Notes to Pages 37–40
  12. ^"Districts of Somalia".Archivedfrom the original on 18 December 2015.Retrieved21 August2011.
  13. ^Somali president renames Mogadishu district to foster peace,SabahiOnline, 10 April 2012. Accessed on 23 October 2016.
  14. ^See:"Somali Voices" Radio Program Connects Families, Fosters Dialogue on Tough IssuesArchived2016-04-16 at theWayback Machine,Internews, 27 February 2014. Accessed on 7 October 2015.
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