Pinus kesiya
| Pinus kesiya | |
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| Benguet pine inBenguet,Philippines | |
Scientific classification
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Pinophyta |
| Class: | Pinopsida |
| Order: | Pinales |
| Family: | Pinaceae |
| Genus: | Pinus |
| Subgenus: | P.subg.Pinus |
| Section: | P.sect.Pinus |
| Subsection: | P.subsect.Pinus |
| Species: | P. kesiya
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| Binomial name | |
| Pinus kesiya | |
| Varieties[2] | |
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Pinus kesiya(Khasi pine,Benguet pineorthree-needled pine) is one of the most widely distributedpinesin Asia. Its range extends south and east from theKhasi Hillsin the northeastIndianstate ofMeghalaya,to northernThailand,Philippines,Burma,Cambodia,Laos,southernmostChina,andVietnam.It is an important plantation species elsewhere in the world, including in southernAfricaandSouth America.[3][4]
The common name "Khasi pine" is from the Khasi hills in India, and "Benguet pine" is from the landlocked province ofBenguetinLuzon,Philippines, where it is the dominant species of theLuzon tropical pine forests(known assalenginIlocano[5]). The Benguet pine is sometimes treated as a separate species,Pinus insularis;however, the current opinion is to treat these as conspecific withP. kesiya.The city ofBaguiois nicknamed "The City of Pines", as it is noted for large stands of this tree.
Description
[edit]
Pinus kesiyais atreereaching up to 30–35 metres (98–115 feet) tall with a straight, cylindrical trunk. Thebarkis thick and dark brown, with deep longitudinal fissures. The branches are robust, red brown from the second year, the branchlets horizontal to drooping. Theleavesare needle-like, dark green, usually 3 perfascicle,15–20 centimetres (6–8 inches) long, the fascicle sheath1–2 cm (1⁄2–3⁄4in) long and persistent. Theconesare ovoid,5–9 cm (2–3+1⁄2in) long, often curved downwards, sometimes slightly distorted; the scales of second-year cones are dense, theumboa little convex, sometimes acutely spinous. The scales have transverse and longitudinal ridges across the middle of the scale surface. Theseedsare winged,6–7 millimetres (1⁄4–9⁄32in) long with a 1.5–2.5 cm wing. Pollination occurs in mid-spring, with the cones maturing 18–20 months after.[citation needed]
Khasi pine usually grows in pure stands or mixed with broad-leaved trees, but does not form open pine forests.[citation needed]
Uses
[edit]The soft and lighttimberofPinus kesiyacan be used for a wide range of applications, including boxes, paper pulp, and temporary electric poles. It is intensely used for timber, both sourced in natural forests and plantations.[3][4]
The good-qualityresinis not abundant and has not been much used except during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines for the production ofturpentine.[6]
See also
[edit]- Casuarina equisetifolia,the agoho pine
References
[edit]- ^Farjon, A. (2013)."Pinus kesiya".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2013:e.T42372A2975925.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42372A2975925.en.Retrieved19 November2021.
- ^Pinus kesiyaRoyle ex Gordon.Plants of the World Online.Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ^abLuu, Nguyen Duc To; Philip Ian Thomas (2004).Conifers of Vietnam.Nhà xuất bản Thế giới. pp. 42–43.ISBN1-872291-64-3.Archived fromthe originalon 2007-05-19.
- ^ab"Pinus kesiya".AgroForestryTree Database.International Centre for Research in Agroforestry.Retrieved17 April2012.
- ^Li, Paul Jen-kuei (July 2022)."Some notes on animals and plants for Proto-Austronesian speakers".Language and Linguistics. Ngôn ngữ ký ngôn ngữ học:266.doi:10.1075/lali.18.2.04li.
- ^Heaney, Lawrence R.; Regaldo, Jacinto C., Jr. (2007)."Philippine Pines".Vanishing Treasures.The Field Museum.
{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
External links
[edit]
- Gymnosperm Database:Pinus kesiya
- Suitability ofPinus kesiyafor tree-ring analyses
- "Luzon Tropical Forests".Terrestrial Ecoregions.World Wildlife Fund.
| Authority control databases:National |
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