Bershad
Bershad
Бершадь | |
|---|---|
 Moszyński Chapel | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Bershad  Bershad | |
| Coordinates:48°22′22″N29°31′57″E/ 48.37278°N 29.53250°E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Vinnytsia Oblast |
| Raion | Haisyn Raion |
| Hromada | Bershad urban hromada |
| Population (2022)[1] | |
| • Total | 12,205 |
| Time zone | UTC+2(EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3(EEST) |
Bershad(Ukrainian:Бершадь;Polish:Berszad;Romanian:Berșad) is a city inVinnytsia Oblast,Ukraine,located in the historic region ofPodolia.It was theadministrative centerof the formerBershad Raionuntil 2020. Population:12,205 (2022 estimate).[1]
History
[edit]
Grand Duchy of Lithuania1459–1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth1569–1672
Ottoman Empire1672–1699
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth1699–1793
Russian Empire1793–1917
Ukrainian People's Republic1917-1918, 1918-1920
Soviet Ukraine1920–1922
Soviet Union1922–1941
Kingdom of Romania1941–1944
Soviet Union1944–1991
Bershad was first mentioned in 1459. It was aprivate townofPoland,owned by the families ofZbaraskiand Moszyński. PolishnoblemanPiotr Stanisław Moszyńskibuilt a palace complex in Bershad. The only remaining parts of the complex are the park and the chapel of the Moszyński and Jurjewicz families.
In 1648, during theKhmelnytsky Uprisingunder theCossacks,Maksym Kryvonisconquered Bershad and slew many of the Catholics and Jews there. BeforeWorld War II,the city had an importantJewishcommunity.[2]Bershad was famous in the middle of the nineteenth century for its Jewish weavers of thetallit,a ritual shawl worn by Jews at prayer. By the end of the century, the demand decreased, and the industry declined, leading many weavers to emigrate to America. In 1900 the Jewish population of Bershad was 4,500, out of a total population of 7,000. The Jewish artisans numbered about 500. The community possessed synagogues and several houses of prayer. Onesynagoguesurvived World War II and was not closed duringSoviettimes. It is still active.
During World War II, the Romanian forces under the direction of theNaziGermans transformed the Bershad area into aghetto.The city was part of the RomanianTransnistria Governorate.Many of the ghetto victims were not Jews from Bershad but Jews brought in fromBessarabia.Thousands of Jews were starved to death in the ghetto during theHolocaustincluding Bessarabian Hebrew writer and Yiddish poet Mordechai Goldenberg.[3]
Many Jews worldwide bear a "Bershidsky/Bershadsky" surname referring to the town.
Bershad is also notable for being the least Romanian town within the Transnistria Governorate. According to the Romanian census conducted throughout the Governorate during late 1941, out of 4,361 town inhabitants, there was only 1 Romanian (a proportion of 0.02%).[4]
Sports
[edit]Bershad is home to thefootballclubFC Nyva Bershad.
Notable people
[edit]- Yury Kovalenko(1977–2014), a Ukrainian military leader,Hero of Ukraine
- Anatoliy Matviyenko(1953–2020), a Ukrainian politician
- Witold Pruszkowski(1846–1896), a Polish painter, was born in Bershad
- Roman Shvartsman(born 1936), a chairman of theOdessaregional Association of Jews – former prisoners of ghetto and Nazi concentration camps
- Nadezhda Ulanovskaya(1903–1986), a Soviet intelligenceGRUofficer
References
[edit]- ^abЧисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022[Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022](PDF)(in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv:State Statistics Service of Ukraine.Archived(PDF)from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^"המכון הבין-לאומי לחקר השואה - יד ושם".
- ^"History of Jews in Bukowina [Volume II, pages 73-74]".
- ^Publikationstelle Wien,Die Bevölkerungzählung in Rumänien, 1941,Vienna, 1943 (in German)
External links
[edit]- (in Ukrainian)Bershad RADA- Bershad Local Council
- (in Ukrainian)Bershad RDAArchived2012-04-25 at theWayback Machine- Bershad Raion State Administration
- (in Ukrainian)Bershad city and Bershad's district- portal of Bershad
- (in Ukrainian)portal of Bershad city- portal of Bershad city
- (in Russian)Bershad. Electronic Jewish encyclopedia
