Bihram

Bihram
Bihram
Uthra ofBaptism
Other names	Bihram Rabba
Abode	World of Light
Equivalents
Sethian Gnosticequivalent	Micheus, Michar, and Mnesinous

InMandaeism,Bihram(Classical Mandaic:ࡁࡉࡄࡓࡀࡌ) orBihram Rabba(Classical Mandaic:ࡁࡉࡄࡓࡀࡌ ࡓࡁࡀ,"Bihram the Great" ) is anuthra(angel or guardian)^[1]^: 8who presides over themasbuta,or baptism ritual.^[2]Bihram is mentioned inMandaean textssuch as theQolasta.Many Mandaeanmasbutaritual prayers invoke the name of Bihram.^[3]

Etymology[edit]

The name Bihram may have originally been derived from the Persian nameBahram,in reference to one or several of theSasanian kingsof the third century A.D.^[2]

Uthra of baptism[edit]

Mandaeans consider Bihram to be the uthra of baptism.^[2]Similarly, inSethianism,Micheus, Michar, and Mnesinousare three heavenly guardian spirits presiding over the baptism of theLiving Water(see alsoFive Seals).^[4]

Mandaean name[edit]

Bihram is also aMandaean male baptismal name(as opposed to Mandaean birth names). Notable Mandaeans with the name includeYahya Bihram.In thecolophonsofMandaean texts,the name Bihram is also often mentioned for different priests and copyists of various eras.^[5]

In Mandaean scriptures[edit]

In chapter 3 of theMandaean Book of John,Bihram, led byNbaṭand the uthrasGubran,Yawar,andYukabar,helps lead a rebellion againstYushaminand his 21 sons. Yawar kills 12 of Yushamin's sons, while Bihram kills 9 of them.^[6]

References[edit]

^Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002).The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people.New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-19-515385-5.OCLC 65198443.
^^a ^b ^cAldihisi, Sabah (2008).The story of creation in the Mandaean holy book in the Ginza Rba(PhD). University College London.
^Drower, E. S. (1959).The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans.Leiden: E. J. Brill.
^Meyer, Marvin(2007).The Nag Hammadi scriptures.New York: HarperOne.ISBN 978-0-06-162600-5.OCLC 124538398.
^Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (1999)."Glimpses of A Life: Yahia Bihram, Mandaean priest".History of Religions.39:32–49.doi:10.1086/463572.S2CID 162137462.
^Gelbert, Carlos (2017).The Teachings of the Mandaean John the Baptist.Fairfield, NSW, Australia: Living Water Books.ISBN 9780958034678.OCLC 1000148487.

[Buckley_2002-1] Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002).The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people.New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-19-515385-5.OCLC 65198443.

[Aldihisi_2008-2] Aldihisi, Sabah (2008).The story of creation in the Mandaean holy book in the Ginza Rba(PhD). University College London.

[Drower_1959-3] Drower, E. S. (1959).The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans.Leiden: E. J. Brill.

[NH-Meyer-4] Meyer, Marvin(2007).The Nag Hammadi scriptures.New York: HarperOne.ISBN 978-0-06-162600-5.OCLC 124538398.

[5] Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (1999)."Glimpses of A Life: Yahia Bihram, Mandaean priest".History of Religions.39:32–49.doi:10.1086/463572.S2CID 162137462.

[Gelbert_2017-6] Gelbert, Carlos (2017).The Teachings of the Mandaean John the Baptist.Fairfield, NSW, Australia: Living Water Books.ISBN 9780958034678.OCLC 1000148487.

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Etymology[edit]

Uthra of baptism[edit]

Mandaean name[edit]

In Mandaean scriptures[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]