Bikol languages
Bikol | |
---|---|
Geographic distribution | Bicol Region |
Linguistic classification | Austronesian
|
Proto-language | Proto-Bikol |
Subdivisions | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-2/5 | bik |
ISO 639-3 | bik |
Glottolog | biko1240 |
Geographic extent of Bikol languages according to Ethnologue
Bikol proper
Bisayan languagesin the Bikol region |
TheBikol languagesorBicolano languagesare a group ofCentral Philippine languagesspoken mostly in theBicol Peninsulain the southeastern part ofLuzon,the neighboring island-province ofCatanduanes,and the island ofBuriasinMasbate.
Internal classification
[edit]Ethnologue
[edit]Ethnologuegroups the languages of Bikol as follows:
- Bikol
- Coastal Bikol (Northern)
- Inland Bikol (Southern)
- Mount Iriga Agta language
- Albay Bikol languages
- Buhinon language
- Libon language
- West Miraya language
- East Miraya language
- Rinconada Bikol language
- Highland/Sinabukid dialect
- Agta variant
- Iriga variant (standard)
- Lakeside/Sinaranəw dialect
- Baao variant
- Bato variant
- Bula–Pili variant
- Nabua–Balatan variant
- Highland/Sinabukid dialect
- Northern Catanduanes Bikol(Pandan Bikol)
McFarland (1974)
[edit]Curtis McFarland gives the following classification for the Bikol languages.[1]
Bikol |
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Lobel (2000)
[edit]While McFarland (1974) splits Bikol into 11 dialects, Lobel (2000) splits Bikol into 12 different dialects (including Partido Bikol, which McFarland does not differentiate) and 4 main branches.[2]
- Bikol
- Northern Coastal Bikol
- Central Standard– spoken primarily inNaga City,Cam. Sur,Tabaco&Legazpi,Albay andSorsogon City,Sorsogon. Also recognized (and sometimes understood) inDaet,Camarines Norte and many other areas of Camarines Sur,San Pascual,Masbate onBurias Island,first and second districts of Albay, southwestern coast of Catanduanes, and northeastern Sorsogon.
- Daet area variant
- Naga City area variant
- Tabaco–Legazpi–Sorsogon area variant
- Southwestern and northern town ofSan AndresandCaramoran,Catanduanes.
- Partido– spoken in the Camarines Sur municipalities ofOcampo,Goa,Tigaon,Lagonoy,Sagñay,andSan Jose.This dialect has a mellow intonation and is heavily influenced by Rinconada Bikol.
- Southern Catanduanes– spoken in the southern half of Catanduanes.
- Viracarea variant
- Batoarea variant
- Barasarea variant
- San Miguelvariant (transitional to North Catanduanes)
- Central Standard– spoken primarily inNaga City,Cam. Sur,Tabaco&Legazpi,Albay andSorsogon City,Sorsogon. Also recognized (and sometimes understood) inDaet,Camarines Norte and many other areas of Camarines Sur,San Pascual,Masbate onBurias Island,first and second districts of Albay, southwestern coast of Catanduanes, and northeastern Sorsogon.
- Southern Coastal andInland Bikol
- Rinconada Bikol– spoken primarily inIriga City,Baao,Bula,Balatan,BaaoandNabua,Camarines Sur. Also in some parts of Ocampo, Buhi and Pili in Camarines Sur and in parts of Polangui, Albay.
- Buhinon– spoken inBuhi,Camarines Sur. Contains features from both the Bikol of Polangui, Albay and the Iriga variant of Rinconada Bikol.
- Libon– spoken inLibon,Albay.
- West Miraya– spoken inLigao City,Polangui,Oas,andPio Duran,Albay.
- East Miraya– spoken inGuinobatan,Camalig,Daraga&Jovellar,Albay andDonsol&Pilar,Sorsogon.
- Central (Guinobatan)
- Far East (Camalig,Daraga)
- Southeast (Jovellar, Albay,Donsol,Pilar)
- Northern Catanduanes
- Pandan Bikol– spoken by about 80,000 people or the northern half of Catanduanes.
- Bisakol
- Northern Sorsogon– spoken inSorsogon City,Castilla,CasiguranandJuban.
- Southern Sorsogon(also known as Gubat language) – spoken inGubat;Barcelona,Bulusan,Santa Magdalena,Matnog,Irosin,andBulan.
- Masbateño– spoken inMasbate City,Mobo,Uson,Dimasalang,Palanas,Masbate,Aroroyon the island of Masbate, all ofTicao Island,andClaveriaon the southern half of Burias Island.
- Standard Masbateño
- Ticao Islandvariant
- Northern Coastal Bikol
Some dialects of Southern Bikol have theclose central unrounded vowel/ɨ/as a reflex ofProto-Austronesian*ə.However, Proto-Austronesian*əis realized as/o/inLibon.Two Bikol dialects have unique additional consonants, namely Southern Catanduanes, which has aninterdentallateralconsonant/l̟/(also transcribed asl̪͆),[3][4]and Buhi-non, which has thevoiced velar fricative/ɣ/.[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^McFarland (1974)
- ^Lobel, Tria & Carpio (2000)
- ^Olson, Kenneth S.; Machlan, Glenn; Amangao, Nelson (2008). "Minangali (Kalinga) Digital Wordlist: Presentation Form".Language Documentation & Conservation.2(1).hdl:10125/1772.
- ^"Interdental Lateral".Xiller Yañez's Weblog.March 17, 2012. Archived fromthe originalon May 3, 2018.RetrievedOctober 30,2015.
- ^Lobel, Jason (2009). "Bikol". In Brown, K.; Ogilvie, S. (eds.).Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World.Oxford: Elsevier. pp. 158–161.ISBN978-0-08-087775-4.
Sources
[edit]- Lobel, Jason William; Tria, Wilmer Joseph S.; Carpio, Jose Maria Z. (2000).An satuyang tataramon / A Study of the Bikol Language.Naga City, Philippines: Lobel & Tria Partnership, Co.: Holy Rosary Minor Seminary.
- McFarland, Curtis D. (1974).The Dialects of the Bikol Area(PDF)(Ph.D. thesis). Yale University. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2020-10-31.
External links
[edit]- Translate Bikol,an online English–Bikol and Bisakol languages translator.
- A Bikol language databaseis available through theKaipuleohonearchive.