Bilbeis
 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(March 2024) |
Bilbeis
بلبيس | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Nickname: Eastern gate of Egypt | |
  Bilbeis Location within Egypt | |
| Coordinates:30°25′18″N31°33′33″E/ 30.42167°N 31.55917°E | |
| Country |  Egypt |
| Governorate | Sharqia Governorate |
| Area | |
| • Total | 337.0 km2(130.1 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 12 m (39 ft) |
| Population (2021)[1] | |
| • Total | 866,246 |
| • Density | 2,600/km2(6,700/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2(EET) |
Bilbeis(Arabic:بلبيسpronounced[belˈbeːs];BohairicCoptic:Ⲫⲉⲗⲃⲉⲥ/ⲪⲉⲗⲃⲏⲥPhelbes/Phelbēs)is an ancientfortresscity on the eastern edge of the southernNile DeltainEgypt,the site of the ancient city and former bishopric ofPhelbesand a Latin Catholictitular see.
The city is small in size but densely populated, with over 407,300 residents. It also houses theEgyptian Air Force Academycomplex, which contains the town's largest public school in Al-Zafer.
Coptictradition says that Bilbeis was one of the stopping places ofthe Holy Familyduring theFlight into Egypt.[2]
History
[edit]The city was important enough in theRoman provinceofAugustamnica Secundato become a bishopric.[citation needed]
Situated on a caravan and natural invasion route from the east, Bilbeis was conquered in 640 by the Arabs.Amr ibn al-Asbesieged and took the city defended by aByzantinegeneral called al-Ardubun. According to a Muslim legend, Armanusa, the daughter ofMuqawqislived in Bilbeis.[3]In 727 some of theQays tribewere resettled here and later chain of fortresses was built to protectCairo.[4]
The city played a role in the machinations for control of theFatimidvizierate:first in 1164, whenShirkuhwas besieged in the city by the combined forces ofShawarand crusader kingAmalric I of Jerusalemfor three months; then again in 1168 when the city was assaulted again by Amalric's army, who took the city after three days on 4 November and indiscriminately killed the inhabitants.[5](SeeCrusader invasion of Egypt.)
In 1798, itsfortificationswere rebuilt at the order ofNapoleon.[citation needed]
Places of worship
[edit]Mosques
[edit]- Sadat Quraish Mosque
The oldest mosque in Egypt, built in640.[6]
- Amir al-Gish Mosque
- The Great Mosque in Kesaria
Churches
[edit]- Coptic church of St. George
Ecclesiastical history
[edit]The bishopric, asuffraganof the Metropolitan of provincial capitalLeontopolis,faded.
Titular see
[edit]The diocese of Phelbes was nominally restored in 1933 as a Latin Catholictitular bishopric.
It has had the following incumbents, all of the lowest (episcopal) rank:
- Enrico van Schingen,Jesuits(S.J.) (1936-12-17 – 1954-07-02)
- Antoine Henri van den Hurk,Capuchin Franciscans(O.F.M. Cap.) (1955-01-01 – 1961-01-03) asApostolic VicarofMedan(Indonesia) (1955-01-01 – 1961-01-03), promoted first Metropolitan Archbishop of Medan (1961-01-03 – 1976-05-24)
- Walmor Battú Wichrowski (1961-05-31 – 1971-05-27) & (1972-11-16 – 2001-10-31)
- Airton José dos Santos (2001-12-19 – 2004-08-04) asAuxiliary BishopofSanto André(Brazil) (2001-12-19 – 2004-08-04), later Bishop ofMogi das Cruzes(Brazil) (2004-08-04 – 2012-02-15), Metropolitan Archbishop ofCampinas(Brazil) (2012-02-15 –... )
- Javier Augusto del Río Alba (2004-10-12 – 2006-07-11) as Auxiliary Bishop ofCallao(Peru) (2004-10-12 – 2006-07-11),Coadjutor ArchbishopofArequipa(Peru) (2006-07-11 – 2006-10-20), succeeding as Metropolitan Archbishop of Arequipa (2006-10-20 –... ), Second Vice-president of Episcopal Conference of Peru (January 2012 –... )
- Janusz Wiesław Kaleta (2006-09-15 – 2011-02-05)
- Daniel Fernando Sturla Berhouet,Salesians(S.D.B.) (2011-12-10 – 2014-02-11) as Auxiliary Bishop ofMontevideo(Uruguay) (2011-12-10 – 2014-02-11), succeeded as Metropolitan Archbishop of Montevideo (2014-02-11 –... ), createdCardinal-PriestofS. Galla(2015-02-14 [2015-05-17] –... )
- Jorge Ángel Saldía Pedraza,Dominican Order(O.P.) (2014-03-25 –... ),Auxiliary BishopofLa Paz(Bolivia)
30°25′N31°34′E/ 30.417°N 31.567°E
Climate
[edit]Bilbeis is classified byKöppen-Geiger climate classification systemashot desert(BWh),[7]as therest of Egypt.
| Climate data for Bilbeis | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.7 (65.7) |
20 (68) |
23.7 (74.7) |
27.9 (82.2) |
31.7 (89.1) |
34.5 (94.1) |
34.2 (93.6) |
34.1 (93.4) |
31.8 (89.2) |
30.1 (86.2) |
25.3 (77.5) |
21 (70) |
27.8 (82.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 13.1 (55.6) |
13.8 (56.8) |
16.8 (62.2) |
20.2 (68.4) |
23.9 (75.0) |
27 (81) |
27.5 (81.5) |
27.6 (81.7) |
25.3 (77.5) |
23.4 (74.1) |
19.8 (67.6) |
15.1 (59.2) |
21.1 (70.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.5 (45.5) |
7.7 (45.9) |
10 (50) |
12.6 (54.7) |
16.1 (61.0) |
19.5 (67.1) |
20.9 (69.6) |
21.2 (70.2) |
18.9 (66.0) |
16.8 (62.2) |
14.3 (57.7) |
9.2 (48.6) |
14.6 (58.2) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 7 (0.3) |
3 (0.1) |
3 (0.1) |
1 (0.0) |
1 (0.0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
2 (0.1) |
4 (0.2) |
4 (0.2) |
25 (1) |
| Source:Climate-Data.org[7] | |||||||||||||
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^abc"Bilbays (Markaz, Egypt) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location".citypopulation.de.Retrieved17 March2023.
- ^"Bilbeis".ccdl.claremont.edu.
- ^"Amr ibn al-Aas".Encyclopedia.(in Danish).Retrieved1 September2022.
- ^"Bilbays | Egypt | Britannica".britannica.5 February 2024.
- ^Crusadesmmdtkw.org
- ^BelbeisegypttourinfoArchived16 January 2014 at theWayback Machine
- ^ab"Climate: Bilbeis - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table".Climate-Data.org.Retrieved13 August2013.
Sources
[edit]- Gibb, Sir Hamilton(2006).The Life of Saladin.Oxford University Press.ISBN978-0-86356-928-9.
External links
[edit]
Media related toBilbeisat Wikimedia Commons
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| National | |
