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Bill Moyers

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Bill Moyers
11thWhite House Press Secretary
In office
July 8, 1965 – February 1, 1967
PresidentLyndon B. Johnson
Preceded byGeorge Reedy
Succeeded byGeorge Christian
White House Chief of Staff
De facto
In office
October 14, 1964 – July 8, 1965
PresidentLyndon B. Johnson
Preceded byWalter Jenkins(de facto)
Succeeded byJack Valenti(de facto)
Personal details
Born
Billy Don Moyers

(1934-06-05)June 5, 1934(age 90)
Hugo, Oklahoma,U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse
Judith Suzanne Davidson
(m.1954)
Children3
Education

Bill Moyers(bornBilly Don Moyers;June 5, 1934) is an American journalist and political commentator. Under theJohnson administrationhe served from 1965 to 1967 as the eleventhWhite House Press Secretary.He was a director of theCouncil on Foreign Relations,from 1967 to 1974. He also worked as a network TV news commentator for ten years. Moyers has been extensively involved withpublic broadcasting,producing documentaries and news journal programs, and has won numerous awards and honorary degrees for his investigative journalism and civic activities. He has become well known as a trenchant critic of the corporately structuredU.S. news media.

Early years and education[edit]

President Johnson (right) meets with special assistant Moyers in theWhite HouseOval Office,1963

Born Billy Don Moyers[1]inHugoinChoctaw Countyin southeasternOklahoma,he is the son of John Henry Moyers, a laborer, and Ruby Johnson Moyers. Moyers was reared inMarshall, Texas.[2]

Moyers began his journalism career at 16 as a cub reporter at theMarshall News Messenger.In college, he studied journalism at theNorth Texas State CollegeinDenton,Texas. In 1954,US Senator Lyndon B. Johnsonemployed him as a summer intern and eventually promoted him to manage Johnson's personal mail. Soon after, Moyers transferred to theUniversity of Texas at Austin,where he wrote forThe Daily Texannewspaper. In 1956, he graduated with aBachelor of Artsdegree in Journalism. While in Austin, Moyers served as assistant news editor for KTBCradioandtelevisionstations, owned byLady Bird Johnson,wife of Senator Johnson. During the academic year 1956–1957, he studied issues of church and state at theUniversity of EdinburghinScotlandas aRotary International Fellow.In 1959, he completed aMaster of Divinitydegree at theSouthwestern Baptist Theological SeminaryinFort Worth,Texas.[2]Moyers served as Director of Information while attending SWBTS. He was also a Baptist pastor inWeirinWilliamson County,near Austin.

Moyers wasordainedin 1954. Moyers planned to enter aDoctor of Philosophyprogram in American Studies at the University of Texas. During Senator Johnson's unsuccessful bid for the1960 Democratic U.S. presidential nomination,Moyers served as a top aide, and in the general campaign he acted as liaison betweenDemocraticvice-presidentialcandidate Johnson and the Democraticpresidential nominee,U.S. SenatorJohn F. Kennedy.[3]

Kennedy and Johnson administrations[edit]

The Peace Corps[edit]

The Peace Corpswas established by President Kennedy by Executive Order in March 1961, but it was up to top aideSargent Shriverand Bill Moyers[4]to find the funding to actually establish the organization.The Peace Corp Actwas signed by President Kennedy on September 22, 1961. InSarge,Scott Stosselreports that "Peace Corps legend has it that between them Moyers and Shriver personally called on every single member of Congress."

On November 22, 1963, Moyers: 1. Told Kenneth O' Donnell, JFK's secretary, to select the Trade Mart as the place for the luncheon. 2. Told DPD Assistant Chief George Lumpkin (Lead Car) to change the motorcade route to turn on Elm Street instead of going straight on Main Street through Dealey Plaza. 3. Asked his aide Betty Harris to tell Secret Service Agent Sorrels to have the bubble top removed from JFK's car at Love Field.[5]

Reflecting 25 years later on the creation of the program Moyers said:” We knew from the beginning that the Peace Corps was not an agency, program, or mission. Now we know—from those who lived and died for it—that it is a way of being in the world. "[6]At the 50th Anniversary “Salute to Peace Corps Giants,” hosted by theNational Archives,Moyers said, "The years we spent at the Peace Corps were the best years of our lives.”[7]Moyers gave the same answer in the famedVanity FairProust questionnairein 2011.[8]

Moyers served first as associate director of public affairs and then as Sargent Shriver's deputy director before becoming special assistant to President Lyndon B. Johnson in November 1963.[9]

Corporation for Public Broadcasting[edit]

Bill Moyers was a key player in the creation of the public broadcasting system.[10]When, in 1961, FCC ChairmanNewton Minnowlabeled television "a vast wasteland”and called for programming in the public interest, the Johnson Administration instituted a study of the issue.The Carnegie Corporation of New York established a commissionto study the value of and need for noncommercial educational television. Bill Moyers served on this committee, which released its report 'Public Television: A Program for Action,' in 1967.Moyers saidof the endeavor: “We became a central part of the American consciousness and a valuable institution within our culture."

Moyers was influential in creating the legislation that would fulfill the committee's recommendations. In 1967, President Johnson[11]signedPublic Broadcasting Act of 1967,which states: "it is in the public interest to encourage the growth and development of public radio and television broadcasting, including the use of such media for instructional, educational, and cultural purposes."

On the 50th anniversary of the Public Broadcasting Act, Moyers andJoseph A. Califano, Jr.spoke about their experiencewithWNET.[12]

Johnson Administration[edit]

WhenLyndon B. Johnsontook office after theKennedy assassination,Moyers became a special assistant to Johnson, serving from 1963 to 1967. Moyers is the last surviving person identifiable in the photograph taken of Johnson'sswearing in.[13]He played a key role in organizing and supervising the 1964Great Societylegislative task forces and was a principal architect of Johnson's 1964 presidential campaign. Moyers acted as the President's informal chief of staff from October 1964 until 1966. From July 1965 to February 1967, he also served asWhite House press secretary.[3]

After the resignation of White House Chief of StaffWalter Jenkinsbecause of a sexual misdemeanor in the run up to the1964 election,PresidentLyndon B. Johnson,alarmed that the opposition was framing the issue as a security breach,[14]ordered Moyers to requestFBI name checkson 15 members ofGoldwater'sstaff to find "derogatory" material on their personal lives.[15][16]Goldwater himself only referred to the Jenkins incident off the record.[17]TheChurch Committeestated in 1975 that "Moyers has publicly recounted his role in the incident, and his account is confirmed by FBI documents."[18]In 2005,Laurence Silbermanwrote that Moyers denied writing the memo in a 1975 phone call, telling him the FBI had fabricated it.[19]Moyers said he had a different recollection of the telephone conversation.[20]

Moyers also sought information from the FBI on the sexual preferences of White House staff members, most notablyJack Valenti.[21]Moyers indicated his memory was unclear on why Johnson directed him to request such information, "but that he may have been simply looking for details of allegations first brought to the president byHoover."[22]

Under the direction of President Johnson, Moyers gaveJ Edgar Hooverthe go-ahead to discreditMartin Luther King,played a part in the wiretapping of King, discouraged the American embassy in Oslo from assisting King on his Nobel Peace Prize trip, and worked to prevent King from challenging the all-white Mississippi delegation to the 1964 Democratic National Convention.[23]

Moyers approved (but had nothing to do with the production) of the infamous "Daisy Ad"againstBarry Goldwaterin the 1964 presidential campaign.[24]Goldwater blamed him for it, and once said of Moyers, "Every time I see him, I get sick to my stomach and want to throw up."[25]The ad is considered the starting point of the modern-day harshly negative campaign ad.[26]

Moyers giving a press conference at theWhite Housein 1965

JournalistMorley Saferin his 1990 book "Flashbacks" wrote that Moyers and President Johnson met with and "harangued" Safer's Boss,CBSpresidentFrank Stanton,about Safer's coverage of the Marines torchingCam Nevillage in theVietnam War.[27] During the meeting, Safer alleges, Johnson threatened to expose Safer's "communist ties". This was a bluff, according to Safer. Safer says that Moyers was "if not a key player, certainly a key bystander" in the incident.[28]Moyers stated that his hard-hitting coverage of conservative presidentsReaganandBushwas behind Safer's 1990 allegations.[29]

InThe New York Timeson April 3, 1966, Moyers offered this insight on his stint as press secretary to President Johnson: "I work for him despite his faults and he lets me work for him despite my deficiencies."[30][31]On October 17, 1967, he told an audience in Cambridge that Johnson saw the war in Vietnam as his major legacy and, as a result, was insisting on victory at all costs, even in the face of public opposition. Moyers felt such a continuation of the conflict would tear the country apart. "I never thought the situation could arise when I would wish for the defeat of LBJ, and that makes my current state of mind all the more painful to me," he told them. "I would have to say now: It would depend on who his opponent is."[32]

The full details of his rift with Johnson were not made public.[33]However, an Oval Office tape which was recorded following Johnson's public announcement that he would not seek re-election on March 31, 1968, suggested that Moyers and Johnson were still in contact after Moyers left the White House, with Moyers even encouraging the President to change his mind about running.[34]

Journalism[edit]

Newsday[edit]

Moyers served as publisher for theLong Island, New York,daily newspaperNewsdayfrom 1967 to 1970. The conservative publication had been unsuccessful,[35]but Moyers led the paper in a progressive direction,[36]bringing in leading writers such asPete Hamill,Daniel Patrick Moynihan,andSaul Bellow,and adding new features and more investigative reporting and analysis. Circulation increased and the publication won 33 major journalism awards, including twoPulitzer Prizes.[35][37][38]But the owner of the paper,Harry Guggenheim,a conservative, was disappointed by the liberal drift of the newspaper under Moyers, criticizing the "left-wing" coverage of Vietnam War protests.[39][40]The two split over the 1968 presidential election, with Guggenheim signing an editorial supportingRichard Nixon,when Moyers supportedHubert Humphrey.[41]Guggenheim sold his majority share to the then-conservativeTimes-Mirror Companyover the attempt of newspaper employees to block the sale, even though Moyers offered $10 million more than the Times-Mirror purchase price; Moyers resigned a few days later.[33][39][42][43]

CBS News[edit]

In 1976 Moyers joinedCBS News,where he worked as editor and chief correspondent forCBS Reportsuntil 1981, then as senior news analyst and commentator for theCBS Evening NewswithDan Ratherfrom 1981 to 1986. He was the last regular commentator for the network broadcast.[44]During his last year at CBS, Moyers made public statements about declining news standards at the network[45]and declined to renew his contract with CBS, citing commitments with PBS.[46]

NBC News[edit]

Moyers briefly joinedNBC Newsin 1995 as a senior analyst and commentator, and the following year he became the first host of sister cable networkMSNBC'sInsightprogram. He was the last regular commentator on theNBC Nightly News.[44]

PBS[edit]

Bill Moyers Journal(1972–1981)[edit]

In 1971 Moyers began working for the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). His first PBS series, titledThis Week with Bill Moyers,aired in 1971 and 1972.

Bill Moyers Journalran on PBS from 1972 until 1981 with a hiatus from 1976 to 1977. He later hosted a show with this title from 2007 to 2010.[47]

In 1975, Bill Moyers Journal airedRosedale: The Way It Is,[48]documenting the furor after the first Black family moved into Rosedale, Queens — including a rash of fire bombings. Forty-five years later a graduate student drew attention to a short segment recording the reactions of a group of black girls trying to make sense of the virulent racist attack they'd just experienced.The New York Timespicked up on the story and found the children and others featured in the documentary and produced its own reported feature: "A Racist Attack on Children Was Taped in 1975. We Found Them."[49]

Individual programs (1982–2006)[edit]

From 1982 through 2006, 70 different documentaries, interviews or limited series produced and hosted by Moyers ran on PBS stations.[50]

Individuals interviewed and profiled included:

Moyers also hosted a 6-part interview series calledCreativityin 1982 and a 42-part interview seriesA World of Ideasfrom 1988–1990 which featured a companion book.[51]

Topics of Moyers broadcasts included:

  • History –A Walk Through the 20th Century(1982–1984),From D-Day to the Rhine(1990),The Power of the Past: Florence(1990),The Arab World(1991),Presenting Mr. Frederick Douglass(1994)
  • Religion –Heritage Conversations(1986),God and Politics(1987),Amazing Grace(1990),The New Holy War(1993),Genesis: A Living Conversation(1996),[52]Faith and Reason(2006)
  • Morality –Facing Evil(1988),Beyond Hate(1991),Hate on Trial(1992),Facing the Truth(1999)
  • Politics –In Search of the Constitution(1987),The Home Front(1991),Money Talks(1994),Trading Democracy(2002),Capitol Crimes(2006)
  • The media –The Public Mind(1989),Project Censored(1991),Free Speech for Sale(1999),The Net at Risk(2006)
  • Contemporary events such as theIran–Contra affair(The Secret Government,1987),1988 presidential election(Election '88),1992 presidential election(Listening to America) and the9/11 attacks(Moyers in Conversation)
  • Healthcare –Circle of Recovery(1991),Healing and the Mind(1993),The Great Healthcare debate(1994),Moyers on Addiction: Close to Home(1998),[53]On Our Own Terms: Moyers on Dying(2000)[54]
  • Poetry[55]The Power of the Word(1989),The Language of Life(1995),Fooling with Words(1999),Sounds of Poetry(1999)
  • The environment –Spirit and Nature(1991),Trade Secrets(2001),Earth on Edge(2001),America's First River(2003),Is God Green?(2006)
  • Money –Sports for sale(1991),Minimum Wages: The New Economy(1992),Bullish on America(1993),Surviving the Good Times(2000)[56]
  • Youth issues –All Our Children(1991),Families First(1992),Solutions to Violence(1995),Children in America's Schools(1996)
  • Immigration –Becoming American(2003)

These were often produced by Moyers and his wife, Judith Suzanne Davidson Moyers, throughPublic Affairs Television,a company they formed in 1986. Other collaborators included filmmakerDavid Grubinand producerMadeline Amgott[57]

Frontline(1990–1999)[edit]

Between 1990 and 1999, Moyers produced and hosted 7 episodes of the PBS journalism programFrontline:

  • Global Dumping Ground(1990) on toxic waste
  • Springfield Goes to War(1990) on the debate around theGulf War
  • High Crimes and Misdemeanors(1990) on theIran–Contra affair
  • In Our Children's Food(1993) on pesticides
  • Living on the Edge(1995) on the economy
  • Washington's Other Scandal(1998) on campaign finance
  • Justice for Sale(1999) on judicial elections

NOW with Bill MoyersandWide Angle(2002–2005)[edit]

Moyers hosted the TV news journalNOW with Bill Moyerson PBS for three years, starting in January 2002. He retired from the program on December 17, 2004, but returned to PBS soon after to hostWide Anglein 2005. When he leftNOW,he announced that he wished to finish writing a biography ofLyndon B. Johnson.[58]

Bill Moyers Journal(2007–2010)[edit]

On April 25, 2007, Moyers returned to PBS withBill Moyers Journal.In the first episode, "Buying the War", Moyers investigated what he called the general media's shortcomings in the runup to theWar in Iraq.[59]"Buying the War" won an Emmy at the29th Annual News & Documentary Emmy Awards(2008) for Best Report in a News Magazine.[60]

On November 20, 2009, Moyers announced that he would be retiring from his weekly show on April 30, 2010.[61]

Moyers & Company(2012–2015)[edit]

In August 2011 Moyers announced a new hour-long weekly interview show,Moyers & Company,which premiered in January 2012.[62]In that same month, Moyers also launchedBillMoyers.Later reduced to a half hour,Moyers & Companywas produced by Public Affairs Television and distributed byAmerican Public Television.[63]The show has been heralded as a renewed fulfillment of public media's stated mission to air news and views unrepresented or underrepresented in commercial media.[64]

The program concluded on January 2, 2015.[65]

Moyers on Democracypodcast[edit]

In 2020, Moyers started a series of podcasts namedMoyers on Democracy.Conversations included Lisa Graves on thePost Officeconflict;Heather Cox RichardsononHow the South Won the Civil War;Heather McGheeon racism's pernicious effect on American society andBill T. Joneson his newest project — a retelling ofMoby Dickfrom the viewpoint of a Black cabin boy. The series ended in early 2021.[66]

Awards[edit]

In 1995, Bill Moyers was inducted into theTelevision Hall of Fame.[67]The same year, he also won theWalter Cronkite Award for Excellence in Journalism.[68]When he became a recipient of the 2006 LifetimeEmmy Award,the official announcement noted that “Bill Moyers has devoted his lifetime to the exploration of the major issues and ideas of our time and our country, giving television viewers an informed perspective on political and societal concerns," and that "The scope of and quality of his broadcasts have been honored time and again. It is fitting that theNational Academy of Television Arts and Scienceshonor him with our highest honor—the Lifetime Achievement Award. "[69]He has received well over thirty Emmys and virtually every other major television journalism prize, including a gold baton from theAlfred I. duPont-Columbia University Awards,a lifetimePeabody Award,[70]and aGeorge Polk Career Award(his third George Polk Award) for contributions to journalistic integrity and investigative reporting. He is a member of theAmerican Academy of Arts and Letters,theAmerican Philosophical Society,[71]and has been the recipient of numerous honorary degrees, including a doctorate from theAmerican Film Institute.[2]In 2011, Moyers received the honorary Doctor of Humane Letters (L.H.D.) fromWhittier College.[72]

Media criticism[edit]

In a 2003 interview with BuzzFlash,[73] Moyers said, "The corporate right and the political right declared class warfare on working people a quarter of a century ago and they've won." He noted, "The rich are getting richer, which arguably wouldn't matter if the rising tide lifted all boats." Instead, however, "[t]he inequality gap is the widest it's been since 1929; the middle class is besieged and the working poor are barely keeping their heads above water." He added that as "the corporate and governing elites are helping themselves to the spoils of victory," access to political power has become "who gets what and who pays for it."

Meanwhile, the public has failed to react because it is, in his words, "distracted by the media circus and news has been neutered or politicized for partisan purposes." In support of this, he referred to "the paradox ofRush Limbaugh,ensconced in a Palm Beach mansion massaging the resentments across the country of white-knuckled wage earners, who are barely making ends meet in no small part because of the corporate and ideological forces for whom Rush has been a hero.... As Eric Alterman reports in his recent book—a book that I'm proud to have helped make happen—part of the red-meat strategy is to attack mainstream media relentlessly, knowing that if the press is effectively intimidated, either by the accusation of liberal bias or by a reporter's own mistaken belief in the charge's validity, the institutions that conservatives revere—corporate America, the military, organized religion, and their own ideological bastions of influence—will be able to escape scrutiny and increase their influence over American public life with relatively no challenge. "[73]

When he briefly retired in December 2004, the AP News Service quoted Moyers as saying, "I'm going out telling the story that I think is the biggest story of our time: how the right-wing media has become a partisan propaganda arm of theRepublican National Committee.We have an ideological press that's interested in the election ofRepublicans,and a mainstream press that's interested in the bottom line. Therefore, we don't have a vigilant, independent press whose interest is the American people. "[74]

Presidential draft initiative[edit]

On July 24, 2006, liberal political commentatorMolly Ivinspublished an article entitledRun Bill Moyers for President, Seriously,urging a symbolic candidacy, on the progressive websiteTruthdig.[75][76][77]The call was taken up in October 2006 byRalph Nader.[78]Moyers did not run.

Conflict with CPB over content[edit]

In 2003,Corporation for Public BroadcastingchairmanKenneth Tomlinsonwrote toPat Mitchell,the president of PBS, thatNOW with Bill Moyers"does not contain anything approaching the balance the law requires for public broadcasting."[79]In 2005, Tomlinson commissioned a study of the show, without informing or getting authorization from the CPB board.[80]The study was conducted by Fred Mann, Tomlinson's choice, a 20-year veteran of the American Conservative Union and a conservative columnist. Like the study itself, Mann's appointment was not disclosed to the CPB.[81]

Tomlinson said that the study supported what he characterized as "the image of the left-wing bias of NOW".[82]George Neumayr,the executive editor ofThe American Spectator,a conservative magazine, told theNewsHour with Jim Lehrerthat "PBS looks like a liberal monopoly to me, and Bill Moyers is Exhibit A of that very strident, left-wing bias... [Moyers] uses his show as a platform from which to attack conservatives and Republicans."[79]

The Reporters Committee on the Freedom of the Press was vocal about the danger of the CPB chairman interfering with programming independence.[83]The PBS Ombudsman and the Free Press noted that a poll taken in 2003 by the CPB itself found that 80 percent of Americans believe PBS to be "fair and balanced."[84]In a speech given toThe National Conference for Media Reform,Moyers said that he had repeatedly invited Tomlinson to have a televised conversation with him on the subject but had been ignored.[85]

On November 3, 2005, Tomlinson resigned from the board, prompted by a report of his tenure by the CPB Inspector General Kenneth Konz, requested by Democrats in the U.S. House of Representatives. The report, which found that Tomlinson violated the Director's Code of Ethics and the statutory provisions of the CPB and PBS, was made public on November 15. It states:

We found evidence that the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) former Chairman violated statutory provisions and the Director's Code of Ethics by dealing directly with one of the creators of a new public affairs program during negotiations with the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and the CPB over creating the show. Our review also found evidence that suggests "political tests" were a major criteria [sic] used by the former Chairman in recruiting a President/Chief Executive Officer (CEO) for CPB, which violated statutory prohibitions against such practices.

In 2006, the PBS Ombudsman, whose role was reinvigorated by the controversy published a column entitled "He's Back: Moyers, not Tomlinson." Reflecting on the conflict, Moyers toldThe Boston Globe:"It's a place where if you fight you can survive, but it's not easy. The fact of the matter is that Kenneth Tomlinson had a chilling effect down the line."[86]

Organizations[edit]

Moyers is a former director of theCouncil on Foreign Relations[87](1967–1974), and a member of theBilderberg Group[88]and since 1990 has been president of theSchumann Center for Media and Democracy.

Personal life[edit]

Moyers at theLBJ Presidential Libraryin 2018

Moyers married Judith Suzanne Davidson (a producer) on December 18, 1954. They have three children and five grandchildren. His son William Cope Moyers (CNNproducer,Hazelden Foundationspokesman) struggled to overcome alcoholism and crack addiction as detailed in the bookBroken: My Story of Addiction and Redemption.He includes letters from Bill Moyers in his book, which he says are "a testament to a father's love for his son, a father's confusion with his son, and ultimately, a father's satisfaction with his son."[89]His other son, John Moyers, assisted in the foundation ofTomPaine,"an online public affairs journal of progressive analysis and commentary."[90]His daughter, Suzanne Moyers, a former teacher and editor, is the author of the historical novel, ‘Til All These Things Be Done(She Writes Press; September 13, 2022).

Published works[edit]

  • Listening to America: A Traveler Rediscovers His Country(1971),Harper's Magazine Press,ISBN0-06-126400-8
  • The Secret Government: The Constitution in Crisis: With Excerpts from an Essay on Watergate(1988), coauthorHenry Steele Commager,Seven Locks Press, hardcover:ISBN0-932020-61-5,1990 reprint:ISBN0-932020-85-2,2000 paperback:ISBN0-932020-60-7;examines theIran-Contraaffair
  • The Power of Myth(1988), host: Bill Moyers, author: Joseph Campbell, Doubleday,ISBN0-385-24773-7
  • A World of Ideas: Conversations With Thoughtful Men and Women About American Life Today and the Ideas Shaping Our Future(1989), Doubleday, hardcover:ISBN0-385-26278-7,paperback:ISBN0-385-26346-5
  • A World of Ideas II: Public Opinions from Private Citizens(1990), Doubleday, hardcover:ISBN0-385-41664-4,paperback:ISBN0-385-41665-2,1994 Random House values edition:ISBN0-517-11470-4
  • Healing and the Mind(1993), Doubleday hardcover:ISBN0-385-46870-9,1995 paperback:ISBN0-385-47687-6
  • The Language of Life: A Festival of Poets(1995), Doubleday hardcover:ISBN0-385-47917-4,1996 paperback:ISBN0-385-48410-0,conversations with 34 poets
  • Genesis: A Living Conversation(1996), Doubleday hardcover:ISBN0-385-48345-7,1997 paperback:ISBN0-385-49043-7
  • Sister Wendy in Conversation with Bill Moyers: The Complete Conversation(1997), WGBH Educational Foundation,ISBN1-57807-077-5
  • Fooling with Words: A Celebration of Poets and Their Craft(1999), William Morrow, hardcover:ISBN0-688-17346-2,2000 Harper paperback:ISBN0-688-17792-1
  • Moyers on America: A Journalist and His Times(2004),New Press,ISBN1-56584-892-6,2005 Anchor paperback:ISBN1-4000-9536-0;twenty selected speeches and commentaries, Interview with Terri Gross onFresh Air.[91]
  • Moyers on Democracy(2008), Doubleday,ISBN978-0-385-52380-6
  • Bill Moyers Journal: The Conversation Continues(2011), New Press

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^"Mimi Swartz," The Mythic Rise of Billy Don Moyers: From Marshall, Texas, he set off on a heroic journey: to become LBJ's protégé, the conscience of TV news, and the prophet of a brand-new faith, "November 1989".Texas Monthly.RetrievedMarch 7,2014.
  2. ^abc"Bill Moyers".The Museum of Broadcast Communications. Archived fromthe originalon May 17, 2008.RetrievedMay 15,2008.
  3. ^ab"Bill Moyers Biographical Note".LBJ Library and Museum. Archived fromthe originalon July 13, 2007.RetrievedJune 7,2007.
  4. ^Mark the Moment! Peace Corps anniversary discussion, marking the 60th anniversary down to the minute,September 22, 2021,retrievedJanuary 8,2022
  5. ^https://educationforum.ipbhost /topic/24617-bill-moyers-lbjs-trusted-aide-is-getting/
  6. ^"Bill Moyers Says It All At The 25th Anniversary Conference | Peace Corps Worldwide".peacecorpsworldwide.org.RetrievedJanuary 8,2022.
  7. ^"Salute to Peace Corps Giants | C-SPAN.org".c-span.org.RetrievedJanuary 8,2022.
  8. ^"Proust Questionnaire: Bill Moyers".Vanity Fair.June 1, 2011.RetrievedJanuary 8,2022.
  9. ^Coverdell, Paul D. (June 2003)."Voices From the Field"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on December 31, 2015.
  10. ^York, Carnegie Corporation of New."Public Broadcasting Turns 50".Carnegie Corporation of New York.RetrievedFebruary 3,2022.
  11. ^"President Johnson's Remarks".cpb.org.January 14, 2015.RetrievedFebruary 3,2022.
  12. ^"Preserving Public Broadcasting at 50 Years".Library of Congress.RetrievedFebruary 3,2022.
  13. ^terHorst, Jerald;Albertazzie, Col. Ralph (1979).The Flying White House.New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan. p.225.ISBN0-698-10930-9.
  14. ^Johnson, David K. (2004).The Lavender Scare.Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 197.ISBN0-226-40481-1.
  15. ^"US Dept Justice FBI Investigation 1975".USDOJ. 1975.RetrievedMay 10,2008.
  16. ^Hoover's men ran name checks on 15 of them, producing derogatory information on two (a traffic violation on one and a love affair on another) "Hoover's Political Spying for Presidents, TIME, 1975ArchivedAugust 11, 2013, at theWayback Machine"
  17. ^Dallek, Robert (2005).Lyndon B. Johnson: Portrait of a President.UK: Oxford University Press. p. 188.ISBN0-19-515921-7.When reporters on his campaign plane pressed him for a comment, he would only speak 'off the record.' 'What a way to win an election,' he said, 'Communists and cocksuckers.'
  18. ^"US Senate Select Committee To Study Governmental Operations, With Respect To Intelligence Activities"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on May 28, 2008.RetrievedMay 14,2008.
  19. ^Silberman, Acting Deputy Attorney General in 1975, says Moyers called his office and said the document was a "phonyCIAmemo "but declined Silberman's offer to conduct an investigation to clear his name.""Hoover's Institution,"The Wall Street Journal,2005ArchivedFebruary 27, 2009, at theWayback Machine"Moyers responded that Silberman's account of the conversation was at odds with his."Removing J. Edgar's name, Robert Novak, CNN, 2005ArchivedMarch 3, 2016, at theWayback Machine"
  20. ^Robert Novak (December 1, 2005)."Removing J. Edgar's name".CNN.RetrievedFebruary 23,2009.
  21. ^"Letter to Bill Moyers from FBI – December 2, 1964"(PDF).The Washington Post.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on March 26, 2009.RetrievedFebruary 23,2009.
  22. ^Stephens, Joe (February 19, 2009)."Valenti's Sexuality Was Topic For FBI: Under Pressure, LBJ Let Hoover's Agents Investigate Top Aide".The Washington Post.pp. A01.RetrievedFebruary 20,2009.
  23. ^Kotz, Nikc(2005).Judgment days: Lyndon Baines Johnson, Martin Luther King, Jr., and the laws that changed America.New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p.[1].
  24. ^Barnes, Bart (May 30, 1998)."Barry Goldwater, GOP Hero, Dies".The Washington Post.RetrievedJanuary 17,2010.
  25. ^"The Power of Myth".The New Republic.August 19, 1991.
  26. ^Fox, Margalit (June 17, 2008)."Tony Schwartz, Father of 'Daisy Ad' for the Johnson Campaign, Dies at 84".The New York Times.RetrievedJanuary 17,2010.
  27. ^Gibbons, William Conrad (1995).The U.S. Government and the Vietnam War: Executive and Legislative Roles and Relationships.Princeton University Press. pp. 69pp.ISBN0-691-00635-0.
  28. ^"Booknotes: Flashbacks On Returning to Vietnam".booknotes.org. Archived fromthe originalon November 16, 2010.RetrievedFebruary 28,2009.And Moyers was present during some of this showdown stuff about me being a Communist, clearly knew it was a bluff. As I say, there are limits, I think, even to being a good soldier. And even if one does, I think there is a time to come clean.
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External links[edit]

Political offices
Preceded by White House Chief of Staff
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1964–1965
Succeeded by
Jack Valenti
De facto
Preceded by White House Press Secretary
1965–1967
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Media offices
New office Host ofNow
2002–2005
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