Bismuth(III) iodide

Bismuth(III) iodide
Names
	IUPAC name Bismuth(III) iodide
	Other names Bismuth iodide, bismuth triiodide
Identifiers
CAS Number	7787-64-6;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	21172753;
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.207
EC Number	232-127-4;
PubChemCID	111042;
UNII	BGX9X3FOLL;
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)	DTXSID3064853;
	InChI InChI=1/Bi.3HI.3H/h;31H;;;/q+3;;;;;;/p-3/rBiH3.3HI/h1H3;31H/q+3;;;/p-3 Key: HXTWPIJUKIDKIH-ZPTXHWADAA;
	SMILES [I-].[I-].[I-].[BiH3+3];
Properties
Chemical formula	BiI3
Molar mass	589.69g/mol
Appearance	Greenish-black crystals
Density	5.778g/cm3
Melting point	408.6 °C (767.5 °F; 681.8 K)
Boiling point	542 °C (1,008 °F; 815 K)
Solubility in water	0.7761mg/100mL (20°C)
Solubility product(Ksp)	7.71×10−19
Solubility	50g/100mLethanol; 50g/100mL 2Mhydrochloric acid
Magnetic susceptibility(χ)	−200.5·10−6cm3/mol
Structure
Crystal structure	Trigonal,hR24
Space group	R-3, No. 148
Hazards
	GHSlabelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H314
Precautionary statements	P260,P264,P280,P301+P330+P331,P303+P361+P353,P304+P340,P305+P351+P338,P310,P321,P363,P405,P501
NFPA 704(fire diamond)	2 0 1
Related compounds
Otheranions	Bismuth(III) fluoride; Bismuth(III) chloride; Bismuth(III) bromide
Othercations	Nitrogen triiodide; Phosphorus triiodide; Antimony triiodide
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state(at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Bismuth(III) iodideis theinorganic compoundwith theformula Bi I₃.This gray-black salt is the product of the reaction of bismuth and iodine, which once was of interest inqualitative inorganic analysis.^[3]^[4]

Bismuth(III) iodide adopts a distinctive crystal structure, withiodidecentres occupying ahexagonally closest-packedlattice, and bismuth centres occupying either none or two-thirds of the octahedral holes (alternating by layer), therefore it is said to occupy one third of the total octahedral holes.^[5]^[6]

Synthesis

Bismuth(III) iodide forms upon heating an intimate mixture of iodine and bismuth powder:^[7]^[8]

2Bi + 3I₂→ 2BiI₃

BiI₃can also be made by the reaction ofbismuth oxidewith aqueoushydroiodic acid:^[9]

Bi₂O₃(s) + 6HI(aq) → 2BiI₃(s) + 3H₂O(l)

Reactions

Since bismuth(III) iodide is insoluble in water, an aqueous solution can be tested for the presence of Bi³⁺ions by adding a source of iodide such aspotassium iodide.A blackprecipitateof bismuth(III) iodide indicates a positive test.^[10]

Bismuth(III) iodide forms iodobismuth(III) anions when heated with halide donors:^[11]

2NaI+ BiI₃→ Na₂[BiI₅]

Bismuth(III) iodide catalyzes theMukaiyama aldol reaction.Bi(III) is also used in aBarbiertype allylation of carbonyl compounds in combination with a reducing agent such aszincormagnesium.

References

^John Rumble (June 18, 2018).CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics(99 ed.). CRC Press. pp. 5–188.ISBN 978-1138561632.
^Norman, Nicholas C. (1998),Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth,Springer, p. 95,ISBN 0-7514-0389-X,retrieved2008-06-03
^ "Bismuth iodide",McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms,McGraw-Hill, 2003,retrieved2008-06-19
^ Turner, Jr., Francis M.; Berolzheimer, Daniel D.; Cutter, William P.; Helfrich, John (1920),The Condensed Chemical Dictionary,New York: Chemical Catalog Company, p. 107,retrieved2008-06-19
^ Smart, Lesley; Moore, Elaine A. (2005),Solid State Chemistry: An Introduction,CRC Press, p. 40,ISBN 0-7487-7516-1,retrieved2008-06-19
^ Mackay, Rosemary Ann; Henderson, W. (2002),Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry,CRC Press, pp. 122–6,ISBN 0-7487-6420-8,retrieved2008-06-19
^Watt, George W.; Hakki, Wafai W.; Choppin, Gregory R. (1953). "Bismuth(III) Iodide".Inorganic Syntheses.Inorganic Syntheses.Vol. 4. pp. 114–116.doi:10.1002/9780470132357.ch38.ISBN 978-0-470-13163-3.
^Erdmann, Hugo;Dunlap, Frederick Leavy (1900),Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis,New York: John Wiley & Sons, p. 76,retrieved2008-06-19
^Greenwood, Norman N.;Earnshaw, Alan (1997).Chemistry of the Elements(2nd ed.).Butterworth-Heinemann.p. 559.ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ Bruno, Thomas J.; Svoronos, Paris D. N. (2003),Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis,CRC Press, p. 549,ISBN 0-8493-1573-5,retrieved2008-06-19
^ Norman, Nicholas C. (1998),Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth,Springer, pp. 168–70,ISBN 0-7514-0389-X,retrieved2008-06-19

[crc-1] John Rumble (June 18, 2018).CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics(99 ed.). CRC Press. pp. 5–188.ISBN 978-1138561632.

[2] Norman, Nicholas C. (1998),Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth,Springer, p. 95,ISBN 0-7514-0389-X,retrieved2008-06-03

[mgh-3] "Bismuth iodide",McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms,McGraw-Hill, 2003,retrieved2008-06-19

[ccd-4] Turner, Jr., Francis M.; Berolzheimer, Daniel D.; Cutter, William P.; Helfrich, John (1920),The Condensed Chemical Dictionary,New York: Chemical Catalog Company, p. 107,retrieved2008-06-19

[ssc-5] Smart, Lesley; Moore, Elaine A. (2005),Solid State Chemistry: An Introduction,CRC Press, p. 40,ISBN 0-7487-7516-1,retrieved2008-06-19

[intro-6] Mackay, Rosemary Ann; Henderson, W. (2002),Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry,CRC Press, pp. 122–6,ISBN 0-7487-6420-8,retrieved2008-06-19

[Watt-7] Watt, George W.; Hakki, Wafai W.; Choppin, Gregory R. (1953). "Bismuth(III) Iodide".Inorganic Syntheses.Inorganic Syntheses.Vol. 4. pp. 114–116.doi:10.1002/9780470132357.ch38.ISBN 978-0-470-13163-3.

[Erdmann-8] Erdmann, Hugo;Dunlap, Frederick Leavy (1900),Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis,New York: John Wiley & Sons, p. 76,retrieved2008-06-19

[9] Greenwood, Norman N.;Earnshaw, Alan (1997).Chemistry of the Elements(2nd ed.).Butterworth-Heinemann.p. 559.ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[Bruno-10] Bruno, Thomas J.; Svoronos, Paris D. N. (2003),Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis,CRC Press, p. 549,ISBN 0-8493-1573-5,retrieved2008-06-19

[Norman-11] Norman, Nicholas C. (1998),Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth,Springer, pp. 168–70,ISBN 0-7514-0389-X,retrieved2008-06-19

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