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Bootle

Coordinates:53°26′45″N2°59′21″W/ 53.4457°N 2.9891°W/53.4457; -2.9891
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This article is about the town in Merseyside. For the village in Cumbria, seeBootle, Cumbria.For other uses, seeBootle (disambiguation).

Bootle
Town
Bootle Town Hall (2020)
Bootle is located in Merseyside
Bootle
Bootle
Location withinMerseyside
Population51,394 (2011)[1]
OS grid referenceSJ340944
•London179.78 mi (289.33 km)SE
Civil parish
  • Bracebridge Heath
Metropolitan borough
District
Unitary authority
Shire county
Metropolitan county
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Districts of the town
List
Post townBOOTLE
Postcode districtL20, L30
Dialling code0151
PoliceMerseyside
FireMerseyside
AmbulanceNorth West
UK Parliament
WebsiteSefton Council
List of places
UK
England
Merseyside
53°26′45″N2°59′21″W/ 53.4457°N 2.9891°W/53.4457; -2.9891

Bootle(pronounced/ˈbuːtəl/) is a town in theMetropolitan Borough of Sefton,Merseyside,England, which had a population of 51,394 in 2011;[1]the widerParliamentary constituencyhad a population of 98,449.

Historically part ofLancashire,Bootle's proximity to the Irish Sea and the industrial city of Liverpool to the south saw it grow rapidly in the 1800s, first as a dormitory town for wealthy merchants, and then as a centre of commerce and industry in its own right following the arrival of the railway and the expansion of the docks and shipping industries. The subsequent population increase was fuelled heavily by Irish migration.

The town was heavily damaged inWorld War IIwith air raids against the port and other industrial targets. Post-war economic success in the 1950s and 1960s gave way to a downturn, precipitated by a reduction in the significance ofLiverpool Docksinternationally, and changing levels of industrialisation, coupled with the development of modern suburbs and the expansion of industries into the Merseyside hinterlands. By the 1980s, there had been a sharp spike in unemployment and population decline. Large-scale renewal projects have begun to help regenerate the local economy.

History

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Toponymy

[edit]

Etymologically,Bootle derives from theAnglo SaxonBoldorBotlemeaning a dwelling.[2] It was recorded asBoltelaiin theDomesday Bookin 1086. By 1212 the spelling had been recorded asBotle.The spellingsBotull,BothullandBothellare recorded in the 14th century. In the 18th century, it was known as Bootle cum Linacre.[3]

Resort

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Bootle was originally a smallhamletbuilt near the 'sand hills' ordunesof the riverestuary.In the early 19th century, it began to develop as a bathingresort,attracting wealthy people from Liverpool.[4]Some remaining large villas which housed well-to-docommutersto Liverpool are located in the area known locally as 'Bootle Village', centred aroundMarsh Lane.

Development

[edit]
Bootle Town Hall
Bootle-cum-Linacreinscription on the town hall's external stonework

TheLiverpool, Crosby and Southport Railwayarrived in the 1840s and Bootle experienced rapid growth. By the end of the 19th century[5]the dockshad been constructed along the whole of the river front as far as Seaforth Sands to the north. The town became heavily industrialised. Fearful of annexation by Liverpool, Bootle was incorporated as amunicipal boroughin 1868[6]under theMunicipal Corporations Act 1835,and in 1889 was granted the status of acounty boroughby theLocal Government Act 1888,becoming independent from theadministrative countyofLancashire.During this time period it was sometimes formally known asBootle-cum-Linacre.Orrellwas added to the borough in 1905. There are still large areas ofVictorianterraced houses in Bootle, formerly occupied by dock workers. These are built in distinctive pressed red brick.

Bootle Town Halland other municipal buildings were erected in the last quarter of the 19th century. The population of the town swelled during this period, boosted in large part by Irish immigration and the attraction of plentiful work on the docks.[7]The wealth to pay for the splendour of the town hall and the gentrified 'Bootle Village' area was generated by these docks. The skilled workers lived in terraced houses in the east of the town, while the casual dock labourers lived in cramped, dwellings near the dockside. Stories about three streets in particular, Raleigh Street, Dundas Street and Lyons Street, caused great alarm. Lyons Street, the scene of the 'Teapot Murder', was renamed Beresford Street shortly before theFirst World War.[4]

Bootle was the first borough to elect its ownschool board,following the passage ofWilliam Forster'sElementary Education Act 1870.In 1872 Dr R.J. Sprakeling was appointed the first Medical Officer of Health, and was instrumental in improving sanitary conditions in the town. The Metropole Theatre on Stanley Road played host to stars such asmusic hallsingerMarie Lloyd.Tree lined streets surrounded magnificent open spaces, such as Derby Park, North Park and South Park.Roman CatholicandAnglicanchurches sprang up all over the town, andWelshimmigration brought with itNonconformistchapels and thetemperance movement.Local societies thrived, including sports teams,scoutsand musical groups. The Bootle May Day carnival and the crowning of theMay Queenwere highlights of the social year. The town successfully fought against absorption by neighbouring Liverpool in 1903. It subsequently made good use of itsLatinmottoRespice, Aspice, Prospice,( "look to the past, the present, the future" ).[8]

Second World War

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The docks made Bootle a target forNazi GermanLuftwaffebombers during theLiverpool Blitzof theSecond World War,with approximately 90% of the houses in the town damaged.[9] Situated immediately adjoining the city of Liverpool, and the site of numerous docks, Bootle had the distinction of being the most heavily bombed borough in the UK,[10][11]with 458 civilian deaths from enemy action recorded within the borough.[12]Bootle played an important role in theBattle of the Atlantic.[13]

Royal Navy's CaptainFrederic John Walker,the famousU-boathunter, would rest in the Mayor's Parlour of Bootle Town Hall and his ships,HMSStorkandHMSStarling,sailed out ofGladstone DockBootle. Memorabilia associated with Walker including the ships's bell from HMSStarlingwhich was presented to Bootle County Borough Council on 21 October 1964 by Admiral SirNigel HendersonCommander-in-Chief, Plymouth.[14][15]can be viewed inBootle Town Hall.

Post-war

[edit]

After the Second World War largecouncil housingestates were built inland from the town centre, including the area ofNetherton,which was built onnew townprinciples. TheLiverpool Overhead RailwayandLiverpool Tramways Companyclosure in the 1950s reduced Bootle's connection to Liverpool.

Bootle did share in the postwar boom. The centre of the town was redeveloped and the 'Bootle New Strand' shopping centre was opened in 1968. At the same time, new offices were built in the town centre. The town lost its access to the beach when neighbouring Seaforth Sands was redeveloped in the early 1970s, but theSeaforth Container Portbrought new jobs into the area. The local authority, and other 'social' landlords, saw to it that new housing was built and older stock renovated. Bootle did not go down the route of massive housing clearance, and many local communities remained intact.

The borough celebrated its centenary in 1968 and civic pride was much in evidence.

Decline

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The docks declined in importance in the 1960s and 1970s,[16]and Bootle suffered high unemployment and a declining population. The establishment of large office blocks housing government departments and theNational Girobankprovided employment, filled largely by middle-class people from outside the Bootle/Liverpool area. In the early 1970s Bootle was absorbed into the new local authority of Sefton under local government reorganisation.[4]More fundamental than political change was economic change. The very reason for Bootle's existence, the access to the Mersey, became almost irrelevant as the docks closed and the new container port required far fewer workers than the old docks had. This in turn affected practically every other industry in the town. The problems slowly gathered pace until Merseyside hit crisis point in the early 1980s. Even by 2006 the area was one of the poorest in the country and had high levels of unemployment.[17]

Regeneration

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Asdaheavily invested in Bootle by building a new eco-friendly superstore on Strand Road in 2008. Among refurbishment and rebuilding projects in the 2010s, theHSEbuildings and the new-look Stanley Road have been created,[4]Oriel Road Station has been refurbished, and a new block of flats on the site of the Stella Maris building and aLidlstore on Stanley Road have been built. The Klondyke Estate located off Hawthorne road saw the Welsh terrace houses get demolished and replaced with 2,3 and 4 bed modern houses. This was after the controversial move by Bellway after residents opposed demolition.[18]Sefton Council submitted a bid to the Government’s Levelling UP Fund in July for £20 million to underpin a regeneration scheme to transform Bootle town centre. The outcome of the fund is expected to be announced in 2023.[19]

Unemployment

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The economic recovery onMerseysidesince the 1980s has meant that Bootle is ranked as only the tenth worst area for unemployment in Britain, and all other parts of the region have lower unemployment—a stark contrast to the 1970s and 1980s when areas of Merseyside dominated the list of Britain's least economically active areas. As of 2009, in the depth of arecession,unemployment stood at 12%.[20]In 2022, it was reduced to less than 4%, similar to the national average.

Geography and administration

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Bootle Docks was created as a part of theMersey Docksand now promoted asPort of Liverpool,with the Liverpool andWirralDocks, being located on both bank sides of theRiver Mersey.Bootle Docks are situated at the northern end, that is closer to theIrish Seaestuary.

Bootle, along withSouthport,is one of the two main administrative headquarters for theMetropolitan Borough of Sefton.Among Bootle's neighbouring districts areKirkdaleto the south,Waltonto the east, withSeaforth,Litherlandand Netherton to the north. To the west it is bounded by theRiver Mersey.In the centre is a sizeable area of large office blocks, and theLeeds and Liverpool Canal.

The old civic centre of Bootle contains largeVictorianbuildings such as thetown halland the municipalbaths.To the north lies theNew Strand Shopping Centre,which gained notoriety after the abduction and murder of two-year-oldJames Bulgerin 1993.[21]

Sport and Leisure

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Football

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Bootle has oneassociation footballnon-league team known asBootle F.C.who currently play in theNorthern Premier LeagueDivision One West. They are a reformed version of the originalBootle F.C. (1879).

Cricket

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Bootle Cricket Club was founded in 1933 and they incorporated Firwood into the club's name in the 1990s.[22]Their main ground is on Wadham Road.[23]Firwood Bootle CC has a significant success record, with 6Liverpool and District Cricket Competitionchampionship titles to their name.[24]

Bootle field three senior teams that compete in theLiverpool and District Cricket Competition[24]and they have an established junior training section that play competitive cricket in the Liverpool Competition Junior League.[25]

Hugh Baird College (2020)

Education

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The town has onefurther educationcollege,Hugh Baird College,located on Balliol Road. The college delivers over 300 courses to more than 7,000 students with course levels from Entry Level to Level 3, A Levels, apprenticeships and university level courses and degrees.

In January 2014, a multimillion-pound facility called the L20 Building located on Stanley Road was opened. This houses a dedicated University Centre with open-plan study areas for students studying University level courses.

Transport

[edit]
Bootle bus station

There are two railway stations served by frequent electric services from Liverpool to Southport. These areOriel Roadnear theVictorian eracivic centre, andNew Strand,serving the shopping centre. A third railway station is situated on the boundary of Bootle (Old Roan), and is part of the Liverpool to Ormskirk Line. A goods line, theBootle Branch,is still in use, but it used to be a passenger line which had a station atBootle Balliol Road railway stationand served the areas ofClubmoor,TuebrookandChildwallamong other places. It closed during the 1960s. Called theCanada Dock Branch,a second route, theNorth Mersey Branchcould still be opened.[citation needed]

The bus station is under the New Strand Shopping Centre and provides services toLiverpool City Centre,Penny Lane,Allerton,TuebrookandCrosby.

Bootle Docks used to host passenger ships toBelfastandDublin,but now it is used solely for freight services, and it is somewhat less important than the port of Liverpool.

Amenities

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The town has aleisure centre,located in the North Park area, which includes a modern gym, swimming pool, and various indoor sports halls. The Bootle New Strand shopping centre contains many of the regular high street stores, combined with a smaller collection of local businesses. For entertainment there is a wide variety ofpublic houses,snookerclubs and late-night bars. There are also a number of restaurants.

Politics

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Originally a Conservative seat, Bootle elected early MPs such asBonar Law,a future Tory Prime Minister. The seat was brieflyLiberalin the early 1920s.Labourfirst captured the seat in 1929, in the personage of local hairdresserJohn Kinley,but lost it in 1931. Although Kinley recaptured it in 1945 it did not become safely Labour until the long tenure ofSimon Mahon.It is now impregnable, politically, and since 1997 theBootleconstituency has been one of the safest Labour Party seats in the whole of the United Kingdom. The area was represented in parliament byJoe Bentonuntil he stood down in 2015. The current MP isPeter Dowd.

For elections toSefton Councilthe town of Bootle is split between theelectoral wardsofNetherton and Orrell,whose three representatives, are all members of the Labour Party, and are Susan Ellen Bradshaw, Ian Ralph Maher and Tom Spring.Derby,whose three representatives are Brenda O'Brien, David Robinson and Anne Thompson and are all members of the Labour Party, and finallyLinacrewhose three representatives, are all members of the Labour Party, and are John Fairclough, Christine Maher, and Daniel McKee. Overall there are nine councillors representing the Bootle area, all of them are members of the Labour Party. Overall the electoral wards of Sefton Council in and around Bootle and the parliamentary constituency itself are extremely safe seats for the Labour Party, sometimes standing uncontested by the other parties.

Expansion of Bootle Docks

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Liverpool2is an ambitious project with a total investment of up to £300 million to expand the port of Liverpool, creating a river berth near the "Seaforth Triangle" south of the Royal Seaforth Dock and is a primary part of the Mersey Ports Master Plan. The project has permission granted by the Secretary of State- Harbour Revision Order. Lend Lease is the contractor building the project.

When the new dock is completed, it will be able to accommodate twopost-Panamaxvessels of 13,500 TEU (Twenty-foot equivalent unit) simultaneously. The expansion of the docks includes the construction of a new deep water terminal which will eliminate the restriction in vessel size of the current docks. The project is estimated to involve 30,000 m3(1,100,000 cu ft) of concrete, 6,100 m (20,000 ft) of new crane rails, and 15,000 steel piles. The new container area will require up to 3,000,000 m3(110,000,000 cu ft) of infill materials.[26]

Furthermore, the completion of the dock will allow the world's container ships to have direct connections to the northern half of the UK and Ireland, and is estimated to receive up to 4 million containers per year. The expansion of the Bootle Docks is expected to make a significant contribution to the community by adding £5 billion to the local economy and bringing an influx of employment opportunities. Liverpool Community College and Mersey Maritime have signed partnerships with Peel Port to perform job skills training, 5,000 direct and indirect jobs will be created, of which 4,000 will be at the Liverpool Port.[27] However, along with the benefits, the expansion of the port will have a severe impact on the environment and local communities. Through the construction of the docks, a large number of vehicles will emit significant amounts of air pollutants leading topollutant concentrationin a small area. In addition to air pollution, increasing noise nuisance and vibrations are other problems causing concern. Once completed, the operation of the port will mean a considerably increase of road traffic, rail traffic and shipping, leading to reduced air quality and various issues affecting the health of the community.

Notable people

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Main article:List of people from Bootle

Many notablefootballerswere born in Bootle.Jamie Carragher,[28]Steve McManaman[29]andRoy Evans[30]came to prominence playing forLiverpool(with Evans later going on to become the club's manager) whilstAlvin Martin[31]is regarded as one ofWest Ham United's greatest-ever players. Former EvertonianJose Baxterof Sheffield United was also born in Bootle.[32]England LionessandManchester CityplayerAlex Greenwoodgrew up playing on the streets of Bootle.[33]

In the arts, Bootle has produced the comedianTom O'Connor,[34]the television presenterKeith Chegwin,[35]television producer and presenterWill Hanrahanand earlyrock and rollsingerBilly J. Kramer.[36]The fashion retailerGeorge Davieswas educated in Bootle.[37]

John C. Wells,linguist. He was born in Bootle.[38]

Derek Acorah,psychic medium. He was born in Bootle.[39]

Paul Nuttall,former Leader of theUK Independence Party.He was born in Bootle.[40]

Sergiusz Pinkwart,writer, journalist, traveler, Magellan Award winner. He lives in Bootle.

Pat Kelly,New Zealandtrade unionist. He was born and raised in Bootle.

Mayors

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  • Charles Howson, 1869
  • Thomas P. Danson, 1870
  • William Geves, 1870–1874
  • George Barnes, 1874
  • Thomas P. Danson, 1875–76
  • Louis W. Heintz, 1877 (Conservative)
  • J. Newell, 1878 (Conservative)
  • John P. McArthur, 1879 (Conservative)
  • James Webster, 1882 (Liberal)
  • James Webster (Liberal, re-elected in November 1883, supported by both Liberals and Conservatives)
  • James Leslie, 1884 (Liberal)
  • Matthew Hill, 1885 (Liberal)
  • William Jones, 1886 ( "Klondike Bill" )
  • John Wells, 1888
  • Benjamin Cain, 1889 (Liberal)
  • John Vicars, 1890–91
  • William Thomas, 1892
  • Benjamin Sands Johnson, 1893–94
  • Isac Alexander Mack, 1895–96 (Liberal)
  • John McMurray, 1897
  • William Robert Brewster, 1898 (Conservative)
  • George Lamb, 1899 (Liberal)
  • Peter Ascroft JP, 1900 (Conservative but elected with unanimous cross-party support)
  • George Samuel Wild, 1901
  • William Henry Clemmey, 1902 (Conservative)
  • James Julius Metcalf, 1903
  • Owen Kendrick Jones, 1904 (son of William Jones, Mayor, 1886)
  • Robert Edward Roberts, 1905
  • Alfred Rutherford, 1906
  • James Person, 1907
  • George Randall, 1908
  • Hugh Carruthers, 1909
  • James Roger Barbour, 1910
  • John William Edwin Smith, 1911
  • William Henry Clemmey, 1912 (Conservative)
  • John Rafter, 1913
  • George Alexander Cassady, 1914
  • James Pearson, 1915
  • Benjamin Edward Bailey, 1916
  • James Pearson, 1917
  • Harry Pennington, 1918–19
  • John Henry Johnston, 1920–21
  • Thomas Alfred Patrick, 1922
  • Robert Turner, 1923
  • Birty Wolfenden, 1924
  • Thomas Harris, 1925
  • Frederick William King, 1926
  • Edmund Gardner, 1927–28
  • Simon Mahon, 1929, first Catholic Mayor of Bootle, father of MPsPeterandSimon Mahon[41]
  • Donald Samuel Eaton, 1930
  • Arthur Hankey, 1931
  • James Scott, 1932
  • Maurice Stanley Webster, 1933
  • Edwin Smith, 1934
  • John William Clark, 1935
  • James Burnie, 1936
  • James O'Neill, 1937
  • Nicholas Cullen, 1938 (Labour)
  • James Spence, 1939
  • Joseph Sylvester Kelly, 1940 (Labour)
  • James Stubbs Riley, 1941
  • Richard Owen Jones, 1942
  • George Alfred Rogers, 1943
  • William Keenan, 1944 (Labour)
  • John Thomas Hackett, 1945
  • Harry Oswald Cullen, 1946
  • Thomas Harris, 1947–48
  • Charles G Anderson, 1949 (Conservative)
  • David Berger Black, 1950 (Conservative)
  • Robert James Rogerson, 1951 (Conservative)
  • Mark Connolly, 1952 (Labour)
  • Robert J Rainford, 1953 (Conservative)
  • Peter Mahon (politician),1954 (Labour)
  • Thomas A Cain JP, 1955 (Labour)
  • Dr Israel Harris JP, 1956 (Labour)
  • Albert Sidney Moore JP, 1957 (Labour)
  • John Cyril Hevey, 1958 (Labour)
  • Hugh Baird, 1959 (Labour)
  • Joseph Samuel Kelly, 1960 (Labour)
  • Joseph Sylvester Kelly, 1961 (Labour)
  • Simon MahonJr., 1962 (Labour)
  • John Morley, 1963 (Labour)
  • Thomas E Dooley, 1964 (Labour)
  • Griff Williams, 1965 (Labour)
  • James Grimley, 1966 (Labour)
  • Veronica Bray, 1967 (Labour)
  • Oliver Ellis, 1968 (Conservative)
  • Harold Gee, 1969 (Conservative)
  • Fred Morris, 1970 (Conservative)
  • George Halliwell, 1971 (Conservative)
  • John Marray, 1972 (Labour)
  • William A Wiseman, 1973 (Labour)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"Merseyside: Settlements".CityPopulation.Retrieved18 February2019.
  2. ^"Bootle History: Bootle Past".Archived fromthe originalon 13 October 2007.Retrieved10 November2007.
  3. ^Farrer, W.; Brownbill, J. (1907).'Townships: Bootle', A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 3.pp. 31–35.Retrieved25 February2016.
  4. ^abcdTansley, Janet (4 July 2014)."In pictures: Bootle through the years in photos from the Echo archive".Liverpool Echo.
  5. ^"Merseyside History, Seaforth Dock".Mersey Reporter.
  6. ^Waller, Philip J.; Waller, P. J. (1983).Town, City, and Nation.Oxford University Press.ISBN9780192891631.
  7. ^"Merseyside History, Irish Immigration in Liverpool".Mersey Reporter.
  8. ^"In pictures: Bootle through the years in photos from the Echo archive".Liverpool Echo. 4 July 2014.Retrieved24 November2020.
  9. ^"Liverpool Blitz: Buildings damaged in the May Blitz".Liverpool Museums. Archived fromthe originalon 29 September 2007.Retrieved9 November2007.
  10. ^"50 bombs dropped on Bootle as Adolf Hitler attacked town".Liverpool Echo.3 May 2011.Retrieved28 November2015.
  11. ^"Blitz Chronology".Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service.Retrieved28 November2015.
  12. ^CWGC."Civilian War Dead, Bootle County Borough".Commonwealth War Graves Commission.Retrieved6 October2023.
  13. ^"People's War: Bombed Out in Bootle and Evacuated".BBC.
  14. ^"Sefton to celebrate the spirit of Johnnie Walker by offering HMS Mersey freedom of the borough".Liverpool Echo. 11 November 2016.Retrieved23 November2020.
  15. ^"Worth its Weight in Solid Silver".Bootle Times Herald. 19 December 1969.Retrieved23 November2020.
  16. ^"Bootle tourist information".Tour UK. Archived fromthe originalon 13 March 2009.
  17. ^"Seaforth River terminal harbour revision order".Department for Transport. Archived fromthe originalon 27 March 2009.
  18. ^Echo
  19. ^Echo
  20. ^"Virgin Media".[permanent dead link]
  21. ^"'If I'd turned right instead of left, I'd have saved his life': James Bulger's mother reveals her regret 25 years on ".The Telegraph.7 January 2018.
  22. ^"Founded in 1833".firwoodbootlecricketclub.Bootle CC. 14 February 2021.Retrieved10 March2024.
  23. ^"About Us".bootle.play-cricket.Firwood Bootle CC.Retrieved10 March2024.
  24. ^ab"Liverpool and District Cricket Competition".ldcc.play-cricket.L&DCC.Retrieved10 March2024.
  25. ^"Liverpool Competition Junior League".lcjl.play-cricket.LCJL.Retrieved10 March2024.
  26. ^"Peel Ports invites bids for Liverpool 2".Maritime Journal.21 May 2012.Retrieved28 November2015.
  27. ^"Community Benefits".Peel Ports. 2015. Archived fromthe originalon 12 May 2015.Retrieved4 May2015.
  28. ^Bootleat Soccerbase
  29. ^"Steve McManaman".lfchistory.net.Retrieved17 January2008.
  30. ^"Roy Evans".lfchistory.net.Retrieved17 January2008.
  31. ^"Alvin Martin".Englandstats.Retrieved17 January2008.
  32. ^Kirkbride, Phil (21 May 2016)."Ex-Everton player Jose Baxter released by club".Liverpool Echo.
  33. ^Association, The Football."Alex Greenwood's grassroots story".englandfootball.Retrieved7 September2022.
  34. ^"The Legendary Tom O'Connor".tomoconnor.co.uk. Archived fromthe originalon 21 January 2008.Retrieved17 January2008.
  35. ^Fitzsimmons, Francesca (6 March 2016)."Keith Chegwin hurt by 'vile' joke at expense of his dead mum".Liverpool Echo.
  36. ^"Billy J. Kramer & the Dakotas".45-rpm.org.uk.Retrieved17 January2008.
  37. ^"08 City signs up George".liverpool08. 23 March 2007. Archived fromthe originalon 10 October 2007.Retrieved17 January2008.
  38. ^"Professor J.C. WELLS: brief curriculum vitae".Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London.Retrieved29 April2018.
  39. ^Brankin, Una (1 October 2015)."Derek Acorah: 'I'm accused of showmanship but I just try to be bright and positive on the stage'".Belfast Telegraph(interview).
  40. ^"Paul Nuttall: The new leader of UKIP".BBC News.28 November 2016.Retrieved5 March2017.
  41. ^Bootle Times,12 May 1961, "Bootle loses a great worker by the death of Alderman Simon Mahon".
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