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Donato Bramante

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Donato Bramante
Donato Bramante
Born
Donato di Pascuccio d'Antonio

1444
Fermignano,Duchy of Urbino(present-dayItaly)
Died11 April 1514(1514-04-11)(aged 69–70)
Rome,Papal States(present-day Italy)
Known for
  • Architecture
  • painting
Notable workSan Pietro in Montorio
MovementHigh Renaissance

Donato Bramante[pron 1](1444 – 11 April 1514),[4]born asDonato di Pascuccio d'Antonio[5]and also known asBramante Lazzari,[6][7]was an Italian architect and painter. He introducedRenaissance architecturetoMilanand theHigh Renaissancestyle toRome,where his plan forSt. Peter's Basilicaformed the basis of the design executed byMichelangelo.HisTempietto(San Pietro in Montorio) marked the beginning of the High Renaissance in Rome (1502) whenPope Julius IIappointed him to build a sanctuary over the spot wherePeterwas martyred.

Life

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Urbino

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Bramante was born under the nameDonato d'Augnolo,[7]Donato di Pascuccio d'Antonio, or Donato Pascuccio d'Antonio[citation needed]inFermignanonearUrbino.Here, in 1467,Luciano Lauranawas adding to thePalazzo Ducaleanarcadedcourtyardand other Renaissance features toFederico da Montefeltro's ducal palace. Bramante's architecture has eclipsed his painting skills: he knew the paintersMelozzo da ForlìandPiero della Francescawell, who were interested in the rules ofperspectiveand illusionistic features inAndrea Mantegna's painting.

Milan

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Around 1474, Bramante moved toMilan,a city with a deep Gothic architectural tradition, and built several churches in the new Antique style. The Duke,Ludovico Sforza,made him virtually his court architect, beginning in 1476, with commissions that culminated in the famoustrompe-l'œilchoir of the church ofSanta Maria presso San Satiro(1482–1486).[citation needed]Space was limited, and Bramante made a theatricalapseinbas-relief,combining the painterly arts of perspective with Roman details. There is an octagonal sacristy, surmounted by adome.In Milan, Bramante also built the tribune ofSanta Maria delle Grazie(1492–99); other early works include theCloisters of Sant'Ambrogio,Milan (1497–1498), and some other constructions inPavia(where he worked on theCathedral,setting the design and creating the crypt and part of the apse[8]) and possiblyLegnano.However, in 1499, with his Sforza patron driven from Milan by an invading French army, Bramante made his way to Rome, where he was already known to the powerfulCardinal Riario.[citation needed]

Rome

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Tempietto

In Rome, he was soon recognized byCardinal Della Rovere,shortly to becomePope Julius II.For Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile or possibly Julius II, Bramante designed one of the most harmonious buildings of the Renaissance: theTempietto(1502) ofSan Pietro in Montorioon theJaniculum.[9]Despite its small scale, the construction has all the rigorous proportions and symmetry of Classical structures, surrounded by slender Doric columns, surmounted by a dome. According to a later engraving bySebastiano Serlio,Bramante planned to set it within a colonnaded courtyard. In November 1503, Julius engaged Bramante for the construction of the grandest European architectural commission of the 16th century, the complete rebuilding ofSt Peter's Basilica.The cornerstone of the first of the great piers of thecrossingwas laid with ceremony on 17 April 1506. Very few drawings by Bramante survive, though some by his assistants do, demonstrating the extent of the team which had been assembled. Bramante's vision for St Peter's, a centralized Greek cross plan that symbolized sublime perfection for him and his generation (compareSanta Maria della ConsolazioneatTodi,influenced by Bramante's work) was fundamentally altered by the extension of thenaveafter his death in 1514. Bramante's plan envisaged four great chapels filling the corner spaces between the equaltransepts,each one capped with a smaller dome surrounding the great dome over the crossing. So Bramante's original plan was very much more Romano-Byzantine in its forms than the basilica that was actually built. (SeeSt Peter's Basilicafor further details.)[citation needed]

Bramante also worked on several other commissions. Among his earliest works in Rome, before the Basilica's construction was under way, is the cloister (1500–1504) ofSanta Maria della PacenearPiazza Navona.[citation needed]

Plans for St Peter's Basilica
A draft for St Peter's superimposed over a plan of the ancient basilica
Bramante's presentation plan, as a Greek cross design; as reconstructed by Geymüller
The dome, as planned by Bramante

Works

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In addition to building, Bramante wrote about architecture and composed eightysonnets.[10]

See also

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Footnotes

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Notes

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  1. ^UK:/bræˈmænteɪ/bram-AN-tay,[1]US:/brəˈmɑːnteɪ,-ti/brə-MAHN-tay, -⁠tee,[2][3]Italian:[doˈnaːtobraˈmante].

References

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11.^Guagliumi Silvia.(2014) Donato Bramante.Pittore e sommo architetto in Lombardia e a Roma.L'uomo, le idee e l'opera.

Silvia Editrice ISBN 978-88-96036-63-1.

  1. ^"Bramante, Donato".LexicoUK English Dictionary.Oxford University Press.Archived fromthe originalon 24 October 2020.
  2. ^"Bramante".The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language(5th ed.). HarperCollins.Retrieved13 August2019.
  3. ^"Bramante".Merriam-Webster Dictionary.Merriam-Webster.Retrieved13 August2019.
  4. ^Davies, Paul;Hemsoll, David(1996)."Bramante, Donato".In Turner, Jane (ed.).The Dictionary of Art.Vol. IV. New York: Grove. pp. 642–653.ISBN1-884446-00-0.
  5. ^Forsyth, Joseph(2001).Remarks on Antiquities, Arts, and Letters During an Excursion in Italy, in the Years 1802 and 1803.University of Delaware Press.p.289.
  6. ^Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878),"Bramante",Encyclopædia Britannica,vol. 4 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 213–14
  7. ^abChisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911),"Bramante",Encyclopædia Britannica,vol. 4 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 418
  8. ^"Duomo di Pavia".Lombardia Beni Culturali.Retrieved30 July2022.
  9. ^Freiberg, Jack (2014).Bramante's Tempietto, the Roman Renaissance, and the Spanish Crown.Cambridge University Press.ISBN978-1-107-04297-1.
  10. ^Weigert, Hans (1961). Busch, Harald; Lohse, Bernd (eds.).Buildings of Europe: Renaissance Europe.New York:The Macmillan Company.p. ix.
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