British Rail Class 86

British Railways AL6 British Rail Class 86
A Class 86 atWolverhamptonin 1984.
Type and origin Power type Electric Builder British RailDoncaster Works(E3101-E3140) English ElectricatVulcan Foundry(E3141-E3200) Order number E020 (E3101–E3110) E024 (E3111–E3120) E025 (E3121–E3130) E026 (E3131–E3140) E382–E401 (E3141–E3160) E299–E338 (E3161–E3200) Build date 1965–1966 Total produced 100
Specifications Configuration: ​ •AAR B-B •UIC Bo′Bo′ • Commonwealth Bo-Bo Gauge 4 ft8+1⁄2in(1,435 mm)standard gauge Bogies Alsthomsuspension Wheel diameter 3 ft 9 in (1.143 m) Minimum curve 6 chains (400 ft; 120 m) Wheelbase 43 ft 6 in (13.26 m)​ •Bogie 10 ft 9 in (3.28 m) Pivot centres 32 ft 9 in (9.98 m) Length: ​ • Over beams 58 ft 6 in (17.83 m) • Over body 54 ft 8 in (16.66 m) Width 8 ft8+1⁄4in (2.648 m) Height: ​ • Pantograph 13 ft0+9⁄16in (3.977 m) • Body height 12 ft4+1⁄4in (3.766 m) Axle load 21 long tons 8 cwt (21.7 t) Loco weight 81long tons(82t;91short tons) Electric system/s 25 kV ACCatenary Current pickup(s) Stone-FaiveleyPantograph Brecknell Willis high speed pantograph Traction motors 4 ×AEI282AZ900 hp (671 kW) 4 × AEI 282BZ1,000 hp (746 kW) 4 ×GECG412AZ1,250 hp (932 kW) Gear ratio 22:65 MU working Some fitted within class andClass 87,later fitted with TDM system. Train heating Electric Train Heating(Index 66) Train brakes Westinghousedualvacuum&air
Performance figures Maximum speed 100–110 mph (161–177 km/h) Power output 3,600hp(2,685 kW),4,040 hp (3,013 kW), or 5,000 hp (3,728 kW) Tractive effort 60,000lbf(267kN) Brakeforce 66.5 long tons-force (663 kN)
Career Operators British Rail Anglia Railways Europhoenix Freightliner BulmarketBulgaria EWS Floyd ZrtHungary Network Rail National Express East Anglia Virgin CrossCountry Virgin Trains Class 86 Number in class 100 Numbers E3101–E3200 later 86001–86048, 86201–86252 Axle load class Route availability6 Locale West Coast Main Line Withdrawn 1986 (2); 1995–2021 Preserved 86101, 86259, 86401 Disposition 3 preserved 31 exported 1 scrapped in Bulgaria Remainder scrapped in UK

TheBritish Rail Class 86is a class ofelectric locomotivesbuilt during the 1960s. Developed as a 'standard' electric locomotive from earlier prototype models, one hundred of these locomotives were built from 1965 to 1966 to haul trains on the then newly electrifiedWest Coast Main Line(WCML) fromLondon EustontoBirmingham,Crewe,Liverpool,Manchesterand laterGlasgowandPreston.Introduction of the class enabled the replacement of manysteam locomotives,which were finally withdrawn by British Rail in 1968.

Under the earlier BR classification system, the type was given the designationAL6(meaning the sixth design of AC locomotive) and locomotives were numbered E3101–E3200. In 1968, this was changed toClass 86when British Rail introduced theTOPSclassification system.

The class was built to haul passenger and freight trains alike on the West Coast Main Line; however, some members of the class also saw use on theGreat Eastern Main Line(GEML) betweenLondon Liverpool StreetandNorwich,after the remainder of the line north ofColchesterwas electrified in the mid-1980s. The type has had a generally long and successful career, with some members of the class seeing main line service lives in the UK of up to 55 years. Most regular passenger duties of the class came to end on both the WCML and the GEML in the early-to-mid-2000s, after a career of up to 40 years. Some members of the class remained in use for charter work and for freight work withFreightlineruntil 2021. A number of the class were exported toBulgariaandHungaryand remain in use. As of 2022,three Class 86s remain preserved in usable condition in the UK; all are in private ownership.

Development and construction

The class was developed as a result of experience with the earlier prototype classes81,82,83,84and85;these had been produced by different manufacturers in the early days of the WCML electrification, as test-beds for locomotive development.

The AL6 featured design elements pioneered on the earlier classes, such as the general construction of the bodies and bogies, and control systems. However, some design features were unique, such as the squarer front ends (as opposed to the raked back noses of the earlier designs), the lack of a second pantograph and the cooling fans, which were redesigned to produce less noise than the earlier locos. A major departure from the designs of the earlier prototype locomotives came in the use of axle-hung, rather than frame mounted traction motors; this feature would later prove very problematic for the class.

The order for 100 locomotives was placed in 1963; it was split between two manufacturers, with theEnglish ElectricVulcan FoundryinNewton-le-Willowsbuilding 60 locomotives and British RailDoncaster Worksproducing 40. The Doncaster and Newton-built locomotives were not identical; the Newton-built versions had a power output of 3,600 hp (2,685 kW), whilst the Doncaster-built examples were rated at 4,000 hp (2,983 kW), due to a different design of traction motor.

British Rail service

Class 86/2, no. 86252, atBirmingham New Streetwith a cross-armedAEIpantograph during theBR blue era.This locomotive was originally E3101, the class pioneer.

The class was introduced officially into service in August 1965; the entire fleet was delivered within 24 months of that date.In the early years, the locomotives became notorious for rough riding, and causing track damage, being fitted with axle-hung traction motors in place of the bogie-frame-mounted motors of the earlier designs; this additional unsprung mass was causing damage at speeds in excess of 90 mph (145 km/h). In 1969, E3173 was fitted experimentally with the large helical'flexicoil' springs.Trials carried out under the direction of theBritish Rail Research Divisionproved successful and the modification was applied gradually in phases to the whole fleet.

As a result, the first batch of Class 86s were modified with improved suspension and, from 1971 onwards, locomotives were renumbered progressively into two subclasses; 86/0 (numbers 86001–86048), which remained in as-built condition, and had their maximum speed reduced from 100 mph (161 km/h) to 80 mph (129 km/h) and which were generally restricted to use on freight and slower passenger services, and subclass 86/2 (86204–86252), which were fitted with the improved suspension and retained the 100 mph maximum speed. Within a short time, a further batch was modified to the new specification and renumbered accordingly; 86040–86048 became 86253–86261.

In 1970, locomotive E3173 was also fitted experimentally with astreamlinednose cone made fromfibreglass;this was to assist BR's research intoaerodynamicsand high-speed running for their newAdvanced Passenger TrainandHigh Speed Train,which were under development. The locomotive was tested on the WCML in theTringarea; it reportedly reached speeds of 129 mph (208 km/h), which made it the first BR locomotive to beatMallard's speed record. The record was not publicised however, as BR did not want the event to overshadow their new trains.

At the same time, three Class 86s were converted into 5,000brake horsepower(3,728 kW) test-bed locomotives for development of theClass 87;they were numbered initially to 86201–86203, refitted with BP9 bogiesbut were renumbered quickly to a new 86/1 subclass; 86101–86103. These locomotives were capable of 110 mph (177 km/h) running. The most obvious visual difference between the classes is that the Class 86 has a windscreen with three windows, whereas the Class 87 only has two; likewise, the Class 86 was fitted with headcode boxes (later plated over) while the Class 87 was built without them.

By the late-1970s, there was a need for more locomotives capable of operating at 100 mph. To achieve this, nineteen 86/0s were modified by the use of SAB resilient wheels, a new design of wheel in two sections separated by a rubber bearing, which allowed their top speed to be raised. The converted locos (86011–86029) were renumbered into the 86/3 series (86311–86329). As the SAB wheels were found to be insufficient for preventing track damage, in 1984 BR decided to refit all of their remaining 86/0 and 86/3 locos with flexicoil suspension, and by the mid-1980s all of the modified 86/0s and 86/3s were renumbered again as 86/4s, allowing a standardised fleet capable of 100 mph running.

86430 atCoventryinInterCitylivery in 1987

Further electrification of theGreat Eastern Main Linein the 1980s beyondColchestertoHarwich,IpswichandNorwichsaw the class employed on passenger trains fromLondon Liverpool Streetto these locations; Ipswich was energised in 1985 and Norwich in 1987. Class 86s would operate inter-city passenger services to Norwich andboat trainstoHarwichuntil 2005, when they were replaced fully by Class 90s. In addition, many of the freightliner trains toFelixstowewere also hauled as far as Ipswich by Class 86 locomotives working in multiple.TheWest Anglia Main Linefrom Liverpool Street toCambridgewas also electrified at the same time and Class 86s hauled services on this route from 1987 until 1989.

A later development saw Class 86/2 and 86/4 locomotives fitted withtime-division multiple xingto enable them to operatepush-pullpassenger trains. The main benefit of this was the requirement for fewer locomotives; for example, a second locomotive would otherwise have to join at the other end of the train after arrival at terminal stations to lead the train's onward journey. 52Driving Van Trailerswere manufactured and introduced to the WCML in 1988 to enable push-pull trains;Driving Brake Standard Openswere transferred later from Scotland to the GEML to work with their Class 86/2s. The 86/4s were already fitted with an older multiple-working system and this was gradually phased out after TDM was fitted across the fleet.

Two Class 86/6s on a container train atNorthamptonin 1996

Sectorisationof British Rail in the late 1980s, saw the fleet split up again; the 86/2s were dedicated to theInterCitysector for use on express passenger trains, whilst the majority of the 86/4 subclass were dedicated to freight and parcels traffic. As a result, many had their electric train heating isolated and were re-geared to a lower maximum speed of 75 mph (121 km/h), these were usually operated in pairs on long-distance freight services. These locomotives were reclassified as a new subclass 86/6. Eight Class 86/2 locomotives were also dedicated to freight work and were reclassified as Class 86/5, being renumbered into the range 86501–86508. However, the InterCity sector of BR decided that it wanted these locomotives back, so they were soon renumbered back to Class 86/2s.For a period of one year starting on 10 May 1992, six Class 86/6s were returned to Parcels use. These were renumbered back to class 86/4, as follows: 86405, 86411, 86414, 86415, 86428 and 86431. All six remained in Railfreight's Triple Grey livery.

The late 1980s also saw the introduction of many new liveries. The class had previously worn rail blue when built with cast lion-and-wheel emblems, but this was replaced by the standardBR Bluelivery from 1967 with a cast-metal double arrow symbol. The first new livery was introduced by theInterCity sectorin 1984 with the unveiling of an 'InterCity Executive' livery, with dark grey upper body, tan lower body separated by red and white stripes, with wrap around yellow cabsides and yellow cab roofs.

A pair of Class 86/2s in InterCity Swallow livery atPrestonin 1998

InterCity undertook a rebranding ofInterCity Swallowlivery in 1987 on InterCity 125s, Class 90s and Class 91s, which were in the final stages of construction. Class 86/4s were still used on a mixed traffic basis on InterCity express trains, parcels, Speedlink and Freightliner traffic, so a modernised version of InterCity livery was used, commonly known as 'Mainline' livery. The red and white stripes and tan bands covered the whole bodyside, and the roof was dark grey. The whole of the ends were painted yellow, although some were repainted dark grey around the front windows. It wasn't until 1990 that the first Class 86 received InterCity Swallow livery, when a full sector ownership was established.

86241Glenfiddich,in parcels sector livery, at Northampton in 1992

The Railfreight sector introduced its new two tone grey livery in 1987, initially without sub-sector logos due to shared operations onSpeedlinkandFreightlinerduties. Four Class 86s received Railfreight General logos from June 1988, but all Class 86/6 locomotives carriedRailfreight Distributionlivery beginning in January 1990. Finally, theparcels sectorintroduced a new red and grey livery with repaints from July 1990 to July 1991, which was replaced withRail Express Systemslivery applied between December 1991 to February 1995.

Former operators

In the mid-1990s, British Rail wasprivatisedand the Class 86 fleet was divided among several operators. These are dealt with separately below.

Anglia Railways/One

Anglia Railwayswas one of three passenger franchises to inherit the class. A fleet of 15 locomotiveswere inherited, which were used to exclusively haulLondon Liverpool Street-Norwichinter-city services. The locomotives were used inpush-pullmode withMk 2E and Mk 2Fcoaching stock and aDriving Brake Standard Open,which removed the need for the locomotive to swap ends at the termini. Generally, the locomotive was at the south, or London, end of a formation, with the DBSO at the north, or country, end of the train – this was to aid simple switchover of locomotives close to their home depot,Norwich Crown Point.

In 1998, Anglia Railways introduced a new livery of turquoise, with a central white stripe. The first locomotive to be treated was no. 86223Norwich Union,followed quickly by no. 86218NHS 50.Over the next few years the whole fleet was treated as they received works overhauls atSpringburn Works,Glasgow.

Class 86/2, no. 86227Golden JubileeatIpswichrepainted in a special livery to celebrate theGolden JubileeofElizabeth IIin 2002.

Over the years, several of the Anglia fleet were withdrawn following mishaps. For example, nos. 86220, 86221 and 86237, were withdrawn in 2002, 2003 and 2004 respectively, following transformer failures. Another machine, no. 86252, was written off in 2002 after catching fire near Colchester on 1 December 2001 whilst no. 86257 was withdrawn in 2003 due to its general bad condition. These locomotives were replaced by locomotives made redundant fromVirgin CrossCountry(nos. 86234/242) or West Coast (nos. 86209/260) franchises. Another locomotive, no. 86227, was reinstated to traffic in 2002 after being stored for many years. It was repainted in a variation of Anglia's livery, with a largeUnion Flagpainted on the side and namedGolden Jubileeto commemorateElizabeth II's 50th anniversary of her reign.

The first major changes to the fleet occurred in late 2002, when Anglia started to hireClass 90locomotives fromFreightliner.This was because, at the time, the Class 86 fleet was suffering from reliability problems. In late 2003, Anglia swapped to usingEnglish Welsh & Scottishowned Class 90 locomotives, hiring up to five at any one time. Consequently, the use of the Class 86 fleet was decreased, which subsequently allowed reliability to improve.

In early 2004, two locomotives suffered from serious transformer failures. One locomotive, no. 86246, was subsequently repaired, but the other, no. 86237, was withdrawn and later scrapped. This prompted the suggestion that the Anglia Class 86 fleet be replaced by the 15 Class 90 locomotives fromVirgin Trains,which were soon to be made redundant by the introduction of newClass 390Pendolinounits.

86235Crown Pointpassing Stratford with an up express

On 1 April 2004, the Anglia Railways franchise ended and the franchise was merged with the other operators inEast Angliato form the newGreater Anglia franchiseoperated byOne.With this came the news that the Class 86 fleet would progressively be replaced byClass 90locomotives, cascaded fromVirgin Trains.The first day of the new franchise saw two Class 90 locomotives unveiled in the new franchisee's 'One' livery. However, despite this announcement, one Class 86 locomotive, no. 86235, was authorised a complete overhaul. As such, this locomotive became the last to receive classified repairs.

For the first few months of the new franchise, all of the Class 86 fleet was retained, to insure against reliability issues with the new Class 90 locomotives. However, in October 2004, the fleet was reduced to just six examples, these being nos. 86218/232/234/235/246/260. The rest were withdrawn, but three (nos. 86217/223/250) were subsequently sold toFragonset Railways.By December, the fleet stood at just two operational locomotives, these being nos. 86235Crown Pointand 86246Royal Anglian Regiment.These were the last two locomotives to receive classified repairs and consequently were the most reliable, in theory at least.

It was originally planned to withdraw these final two locomotives on 31 December 2004. However, all did not go to plan, as the replacement Class 90 locomotives did not prove to be as reliable as hoped. Therefore, two locomotives were reprieved until at least March 2005. A final twist saw no. 86232 repaired, replacing no. 86246, which had again suffered from a serious failure. A third locomotive, no. 86234, was also repaired and briefly returned to traffic in April 2005, but was later stored again after failing. The last two locomotives (nos. 86232/235) saw occasional use when insufficient Class 90 locomotives were available. By mid-2005, no. 86232 was out of use and no. 86235 was operational but not used. The final use of the class came on 17 September 2005, when no. 86235 was used on several Norwich-London return trips to mark its retirement from service. This brought an end to 40 years of Class 86-hauled passenger trains.

Colas Rail

86701 joined the Colas Rail fleet and was painted into the Colas Rail yellow and orange livery in October 2012. This, however, was short lived, as it was withdrawn from mainline use in January 2013. In 2015, it was used for contractual work at Ilford depot. In March 2016, it was transferred to Europhoenix, where it was subsequently exported to Bulgaria for further use.

Caledonian Sleeper

On 31 March 2015, the new Caledonian Sleeper contract started, following takeover of the contract fromDB Schenker.In February 2015, 86101 was repainted into the new Caledonian Blue livery. From 31 March 2015, 86101 was used to convey the empty sleeper coaching stock betweenLondon EustonandWembley Intercity Depot,as well as betweenGlasgow CentralandPolmadie TRSMD,along with 87002. After a lengthy refurbishment, 86401 joined theCaledonian Sleeperfleet on 8 August 2015. In October 2019, the Class 86s were withdrawn, primarily due to coupler incompatibility, and returned to the AC Locomotive Group.

English, Welsh & Scottish Railway

86401 at Manchester Piccadilly on charter to Virgin Trains

English Welsh & Scottishinherited a small fleet of 15 locomotiveswhen it bought theRail Express Systemsparcels business. The locomotives were employed on mail trains fromLondon King's CrosstoNewcastleand Birmingham toGlasgow.One of the locomotives, no. 86239LS Lowry,was destroyed in an accident atStaffordin 1996.

EWS soon diversified the use of its fleet, hiring its locomotives to charter train operators and also toVirgin Trains,to supplement their unreliable fleet. Three locomotives (nos. 86261/401/426) were repainted into EWS's red and gold livery.

The rundown of the fleet started in 2001, when the locomotives were replaced on charter and mail trains byClass 67orClass 90locomotives. They saw continued use with Virgin Trains, however, but were gradually withdrawn as newClass 390Pendolinounits entered service, reducing the need for hired locomotives. By the end of their working careers, most of the EWS locomotives were in an appalling state and suffered from numerous failures. The final locomotives, nos. 86210/401/424 were withdrawn from traffic in late 2002.

Following withdrawal from traffic, two locomotives (nos. 86426/430) were subsequently reinstated and hired toFreightliner,on a long-term contract. This was due to aClass 90locomotive, no. 90150, being written off due to fire damage, resulting in a shortage of electric traction. The two locomotives were repainted into Freightliner's racing green livery and employed on intermodal traffic, with the rest of Freightliner's Class 86 fleet. The contract ended in mid-2004, following deliveries of newClass 66locomotives, meaning that the two electric locomotives were surplus to requirements and they were withdrawn from traffic.

In late 2003, with the exception of the two locomotives on hire to Freightliner, EWS advertised all of its remaining locomotives for sale. Most were subsequently sold for scrap, but one locomotive (no. 86401) was preserved (later hired in and used byGB Railfreighton the Caledonian Sleeper contract), whilst two others (nos. 86210/424) were sold for further use withNetwork Railand reclassified class 86/9. The former Freightliner pair were sold toC F Boothin late 2005.

FM Rail

FM Rail(previously Fragonset Railways) briefly leased several locomotives fromHSBC Rail.These locomotives were previously used by Anglia Railways (86217/223/250), Virgin Cross-Country (86231/251) and Virgin West Coast (86229/233). One locomotive, ex-Virgin 86212, was hauled toEast Ham Depotin London to be used for carriage power duties for the new Blue Pullman train. However, it did not operate services on the mainline.

FM Rail entered administration in December 2006, without having returned any of their Class 86 locomotives to traffic and they were returned to the lease company.

Freightliner

86613 and 86610 at Ipswich, 2004

Freightlinerinherited a large fleet of thirty Class 86/6 freight-dedicated locomotives, most of which had previously been operated byRailfreight Distribution,but some came fromRail Express Systems.The fleet therefore consisted of locomotives in many different obsolete liveries so, from 1995, Freightliner started to apply its newly introduced livery. This was based on the previous Trainload two-tone grey, with the addition of Freightliner red triangle logo.

The Freightliner fleet were originally employed onintermodaltraffic along the northern half of theWCMLfromCrewetoCoatbridge(nearGlasgow). The steep gradients along this route meant that trains were hauled by pairs of locomotives working in multiple. The class also worked services south from Crewe toTilburyandIpswich(for onwards movement toFelixstoweby diesel locomotive), and some services toTrafford ParkinManchester.The class have occasionally been used on theEast Coast Main Line,particularly when services are diverted due to engineering works.

In 1998, following the introduction of the rebuiltClass 57diesel locomotives, Freightliner introduced a new livery of racing green with yellow cabsides. The first Class 86 to appear in this livery was no. 86631, which was hurriedly repainted for display at an open day atToton.The majority of the fleet have slowly been treated over the years, such that by the end of 2004, only a handful remained in the original two-tone grey livery.

In 2000, locomotive no. 86608 was experimentally regeared to allow it to work trains single-handedly. It was reclassified as Class 86/5 and renumbered to 86501. This was the second time this classification and number had been used. The first occasion being former 86/2s dedicated to freight work in the late 1980s (86258 having previously held the 86501 number). Despite the apparent success of 86501's conversion, no further locomotives have been similar regeared. In mid-2004, the locomotive suffered fire damage, but was subsequently repaired and returned to service. 86501 again suffered fire damage in August 2008 nearBletchley.It was subsequently repaired in December 2008 and returned to service again shortly after.

Due to a locomotive shortage in 2002, two further locomotives, nos. 86426/430, were hired fromEnglish Welsh & Scottish,which had just withdrawn its last examples. Since the hire contract was long-term, both locomotives were repainted in Freightliner green livery. They were used in a common pool with the rest of the fleet. By 2004, the need for the extra locomotives was reduced, so both were returned to EWS and subsequently withdrawn.

Two other locomotives, nos. 86101/102, formerly used byVirgin Trains,were also briefly hired by Freightliner in 2001/2002. Neither of these locomotives were repainted and they both retained obsoleteInterCitylivery. Due to their non-standard nature, both locomotives had been withdrawn by early 2002.

Following the withdrawal of the Anglia Railways, Virgin Trains and EWS fleets, Freightliner became the last operator of the class. In January 2005, it had an operational fleet of twenty-two locomotives, with several more in warm-storage (capable of being returned to traffic). In the last few years, however, several locomotives have been withdrawn from service, mainly due to the influx of newClass 66diesel locomotives; in addition, two locomotives (nos. 86611/631) were written off following theNorton Bridge rail crashand another three (nos. 86615/620/621) have been withdrawn following fire damage and subsequently scrapped. In addition, Freightliner'sClass 90fleet, which were previously hired to passenger operators Virgin Trains and Anglia Railways, have now all returned to the company, thus reducing the requirement for the Class 86 fleet. However, Freightliner retained a core fleet of sixteen locomotives,with two locomotives (nos. 86622/637) repainted into Freightliner Powerhaul livery.

By early 2021, the fleet was down to just two locomotives, and these final two were withdrawn from service in March, replaced by ex-Greater Anglia Class 90s.

In July and August 2023, Freightliner all 16 Freightliner Class 86/6s were purchased by Express Services, Bulgaria and exported.

Hull Trains

86101 atLondon King's Crosspreparing to depart with a service toDoncaster

The open-access passenger operatorHull Trainsobtained the use of 86101 (one of the preserved Class 86 locomotives), between January and April 2008, to provide cover in the short term for its badly damagedClass 222PioneerDMU. The locomotive, together with a rake of Mark 3 coaches, was introduced to public services between London and Doncaster on 11 January 2008, following several months of tests and training, and ran until 20 April 2008 whenClass 180AdelanteDMUs were introduced to the service.

Vintage Trains

In 2008, privately owned and preserved 86259 was returned to service on the main line, regaining the name of its ownerLes Ross.It was operated on occasional charters by Vintage Trains from their base at Tyseley and, from 2011, was based at Willesden and available for ad-hoc charters. By August 2011, it had covered 5.7 million miles in service. It is currentlycleared for operation at up to 100 mph (161 km/h).

Virgin Trains

TheVirgin Rail Groupoperated two franchises:CrossCountryandInterCity West Coast.

CrossCountry

Virgin CrossCountry inherited a fleet of 19 locomotives.These were employed on various services, such as Birmingham New Street toManchester Piccadilly,Liverpool,EdinburghorGlasgow Central.Other services continued south toBirmingham International,whilst others originated from Preston. At Birmingham New Street and Preston, in particular, it was common for the Class 86 locomotive to be removed and replaced with aClass 47diesel locomotive, before the service continued south to destinations such asBristol,Penzance,Reading,Brighton,PooleandWeymouth.

From 1998 onwards, locomotives began to be outshopped in the new Virgin Trains red and black livery. However, a few locomotivesretained the oldInterCitylivery.

In mid-2001, Virgin CrossCountry started to introduce newClass 220VoyagerandClass 221Super-Voyagerunits. These new trains enabled Virgin to start to retire its older traction. Several of the early withdrawals were transferred to other operators, such as nos. 86234 and 86242 to Anglia Railways. However, the majority of locomotives were retained in service until September 2002, when virtually the entire fleet was withdrawn en masse. Prior to this, Virgin had specially repainted no. 86253 inInterCitylivery to commemorate its final few months in traffic. The final CrossCountry operated service was actually operated by no. 86233, from the West-Coast fleet, which had been repainted in original electric blue livery a few weeks earlier.

Since withdrawal from traffic, several locomotives have been scrapped atImmingham Railfreight Terminal.A few locomotives were sold to other operators for further use, such as no. 86253 toNetwork Railand nos. 86231/251 toFragonset Railways.One locomotive, no. 86249, was retained by Virgin until late-2004, as a driver-training locomotive atPolmadiedepot in Glasgow.

West Coast

Class 86/2 number 86229Lions Clubs InternationalatBirmingham New Street

Virgin Trains West Coastinherited a small fleet of thirteen locomotiveswhich were employed onWest Coast Main Lineexpress trains from London Euston toBirmingham,Wolverhampton,Manchester,Liverpool Lime Street,CarlisleandGlasgow Central.By 2001, the fleet had been cut to nine locomotives, with 86209 being transferred to Anglia Railways and three more (nos. 86101/102/213) withdrawn from traffic.

In 1998, no. 86229 became the first of the class to be repainted in Virgin's red and black livery. By 2001, all except one locomotive had been repainted in this livery.

The West Coast fleet contained several 'celebrity' locomotives, including no. 86245Caledonian,which was repainted into a variant of the Virgin livery usingCaledonian Railwayblue in place of the standard red, to celebrate the company's 150th Anniversary. In 2002, no. 86233 was specially repainted into originalelectric blueto commemorate the last few months in traffic for the fleet. One locomotive, no. 86228, also retained in the oldInterCitylivery.

In mid-2003, the rundown of the fleet started as newClass 390Pendolinoelectrical multiple unitsentered service. The final three locomotives (nos. 86229/233/247) were removed from traffic in September 2003. The final service being operated by electric blue locomotive no. 86233. Several of the fleet were later transferred to other operators, including Anglia Railways (no. 86260) andFragonset Railways(nos. 86212/229/233). One former West Coast locomotive (no. 86259) has been preserved.

Network Rail

In 2004,Network Railacquired three locomotives (nos. 86210/253/424), of which the first two were converted to mobile load-bank testing locomotives, with the third used for spares. The two operational locomotives were reclassified as Class 86/9 and renumbered as 86901/902. They were formerlybased atRugby,but were moved and stored atDerbyand carried the Network Rail all-over yellow livery. Their primary use was to test the overhead line supply of electrified lines by simulating various loads. Both locomotives were capable of running under their own power for positioning purposes, but could not haul any significant loads. Therefore, when being used to test the overhead supply, they had to be hauled by a diesel locomotive.

As of 8 January 2014, they were removed from service and extracted from Derby by low-loader and taken toLong Marston.86901 was subsequently taken to Sandbach Car and Commercial Dismantlers, where it was broken up, whilst 86902 suffered the same fate at CF Booth's scrapyard in Rotherham. 86424, the erstwhile source of spares, was exported to Hungary, where it is used as a source of spares for the Class 86s that were purchased byFloyd Zrtfor freight usage. 86424 was returned to service with Floyd in late 2018, due to Floyd's need for an additional Class 86.

Current operators

Bulgaria export

86234 overhauled and renumbered 85006 at Express Service Ruse, Bulgaria in 2017.

The first Class 86 to be exported to Bulgaria was 86233 in October 2012. It served as a spares donor forBulmarketpreviously exported Class 87s, numbers 87009, 87017, 87023 and 87025. In March 2016, Bulmarket purchased an additional six Class 86 locomotives with the intent of operating them alongside their Class 87 locos. By the end of 2017 they had a fully operational fleet of six locos, renumbered into the 85xxx range:

85001 (ex-86701), 85002 (ex-86702), 85003 (ex-86213), 85004 (ex-86235), 85005 (ex-86231) and 85006 (ex-86234).

During July and August 2023, all sixteen Freightliner Class 86/6s were purchased by Express Services and exported to Bulgaria.

Hungary export

0450 004-1 (previously 86218), owned by the HungarianFloyd ZRt.in Kecskemét, Hungary

In 2008,Europhoenixcompleted a deal to purchase the remaining Class 86/2 fleet fromHSBC Rail Leasing,numbering 23 locomotives, with the intention of overhauling some of them for use in Europe and the UK. 86248 and 86250 were sold to Hungarian private open access freight operatorFloyd Zrtand were delivered in February and May 2009, becoming Hungarian Class 450. As of 2020, Floyd Zrt owns nine Class 86 locomotives.

Locomotive Services

Following their replacement on the Caledonian Sleeper trains, one of the two class 86s owned byAC Locomotive Group,86101Sir William A Stanier FRS,was sold toLocomotive Services Limitedin November 2019 along withClass 87no. 87002.86101 was then repainted from its Caledonian blue livery intoInterCitySwallow livery, as were 87002, 90001 and 90002.

West Coast Railways

86259, nowPeter Panon one side only, at Crewe, 2017

Privately owned class 86, no. 86259, was transferred over from operating with Vintage Trains in around 2012 and is presently used byWest Coast Railwayshauling excursion trains from London. These have, so far, included the popularCumbrian Mountain Expressexcursion trains and, in recent times, its first-ever visit toBlackpoolalong the newly electrified line toBlackpool Northwhile working thePennine Blackpool Express.

In February 2020, West Coast Railway acquired its first Class 86, no. 86401Mons Meg,which had previously been owned byAC Locomotive Groupand used on theCaledonian Sleeperservices from London to Scotland. Following the replacement of the sleeper'sMark 2andMark 3coaches with newMark 5coaches, 86401 was taken off lease.

Preservation

86101Sir William A Stanier FRSatCrewe

Currently three locomotives have been preserved, with examples from both manufacturers:

• The first locomotive to be preserved was 86401, which was namedHertfordshire Rail Toursat the time. This locomotive was operated by EWS until 2002, when it was one of their three final machines to be withdrawn from traffic. Prior to that, it was the only locomotive of its class to be painted inNetwork SouthEastlivery and was namedNorthampton Town.In this guise, it was used on London Liverpool Street-Cambridgeand London Euston-Northamptonpassenger trains. In 2004, 86401 was preserved by theAC Locomotive Group,which also owns examples of Classes 81-85, based atBarrow Hill Engine Shed.86401 was deployed initially in the reserve fleet of operational shunting/depot service locomotives atWillesden TMD.In February 2015, 86401 moved toLeicester depot,where it underwent renovation work; modifications included the fitting of GSM-R and OTMR, the recommissioning of thetime-division multiple xingsystem and attention to the components and bodywork. On 12 May 2015, it was moved toBrush Tractionwhere it was repainted into Caledonian Blue livery and renamedMons Meg;it was used subsequently on Serco'sCaledonian Sleepercontract. The locomotive was purchased byWest Coast Railwaysin February 2020 and is now based atCarnforth MPD;it hauled a small number of railtours in 2022.

• 86101 was preserved by theAC Locomotive Groupin August 2005. It was stored initially at MoDAshchurch,but was restored to working condition at Barrow Hill. On 15 March 2007, it undertook its first test run; it then hauled the Carlisle-Crewe and return legs ofThe Ynys Mon Expressrailtour to Holyhead on 24 March 2007. In December 2014, after a few years in storage, 86101 made its initial main-line run to and from Willesden TMD. In 2015, 86101 was selected as one of the locomotives to support the new Caledonian Sleeper Services. In February 2015, it was taken toBrush Tractionwhere it was painted into Caledonian Blue livery. From March 2015 to September 2019, it was used to convey empty coaching stock for the Caledonian sleepers between London Euston andWembley InterCity depot,as well as betweenGlasgow CentralandPolmadie TRSMD,alongside 87002. 86101 was sold subsequently toLocomotive Services Limitedin November 2019, along with 87002, and was painted into InterCity Swallow livery; it currently hauls excursions.

• 86259 has been preserved, initially atTyseley Locomotive Worksand, as of late 2017, stabled atRugby station.It is owned byLes Ross,after whom the locomotive was named. The locomotive is maintained in full operational condition, wearing its initial Electric Blue scheme. The engine also wears different nameplates; on one side, it carries the nameplateLes Rossand, on the other, it has the nameplatePeter Pan.It also has its original numberE3137at one end and86259at the other. It hauls theCumbrian Mountain Expressexcursions several times each year, in conjunction with Railway Touring Company.

Numbers(current in bold)			Name	Livery	Location	Status	Builder	Built	Withdrawn	Service Life	Owners	Operator	Notes
E3137	86045	86259	Les Ross Peter Pan	1960s Electric Blue	Rugby railway station	Operational (mainline registered)	Doncaster Works	Jan 1966	Oct 2003	38 Years, 9 Months	Les Ross	West Coast Railways
E3191	86201	86101	Sir William A Stanier FRS	InterCity Swallow	Crewe Diesel TMD	Operational (mainline registered)	Vulcan Foundry	Nov 1965	Dec 2001	36 Years, 1 Month	Locomotive Services Limited	Locomotive Services
E3199	86001	86401	Mons Meg	Caledonian Blue	Carnforth MPD	Operational (mainline registered)	Vulcan Foundry	Jan 1966	Jun 2004	38 Years, 5 Months	West Coast Railways	West Coast Railways

A further locomotive, 86213, was preserved initially by the AC Locomotive Group, but has since been sold to Bulmarket and exported to Bulgaria.

Three cab sections have been saved from scrapped locomotives. Two cabs from 86247 were saved by the South Wales Cab Preservation Groupand one cab from 86902 was saved by a private owner. One cab from 86247 has since been sold to a private owner and is on display atCrewe Heritage Centre.

Fleet details

Key:	In Service	Withdrawn	Preserved	Scrapped	Exported

Numbers			Name(s)	Dates named	Current /Final Livery	Operator	Withdrawn	Status
TOPS		BTC
86101	86201	E3191	Sir William A Stanier FRS	1978–2005 2006–	InterCity Swallow	Locomotive Services	-	Preserved operational
86102	86202	E3150	Robert A Riddles	1981–2002	InterCity	Freightliner	04/2002	Scrapped atMoD Caerwent(04/2005)
86103	86203	E3143	André Chapelon	1981–1995	InterCity	Virgin Cross-Country	05/1995	Scrapped atImmingham RFT(11/2002)
86204	-	E3173	City of Carlisle	1978–1998	InterCity	Virgin Cross-Country	08/1998	Scrapped atImmingham RFT(07/2003)
86205	86503	E3129	City of Lancaster	1979–2003	Colas Rail	Colas Rail	10/2003	Exported to Bulgaria, renumbered 85001. See 86701 below.
86206	-	E3184	City of Stoke on Trent	1978–2002	Virgin Red/Black	Virgin Cross-Country	10/2002	Scrapped at Cardiff (02/2004)
86207	-	E3179	City of Lichfield	1981–2002	InterCity	Virgin Cross-Country	07/2002	Scrapped at Rotherham (04/2006)
86208	-	E3141	City of Chester	1979–2000	InterCity	EWS	03/2002	Scrapped atCrewe Electric TMD(07/2003)
86209	-	E3125	City of Coventry	1979–2004	Anglia Railways	Anglia Railways	10/2004	Involved in Bushey accident (23/01/1975). Scrapped at Boreham, Essex (07/2005)
86210	-	E3190	City of Edinburgh	1981–1995	Network Rail yellow	Network Rail	12/2002	Scrapped. See 86902 below.
			C.I.T. 75th Anniversary	1995–2003
86211	-	E3147	City of Milton Keynes	1982–1986	BR Blue	British Rail	11/1986	Written off inColwich accidentin 1986. Scrapped at Crewe Works (09/1987)
86212	-	E3151	Preston Guild	1979–1992	Virgin Red/Black	FM Rail	10/2003	Scrapped at EMR Kingsbury (02/2011)
			Preston Guild 1328–1992	1992–2003
86213	-	E3193	Lancashire Witch	1981–	InterCity	AC Locomotive Group	09/1998	Initially preserved, but later sold for export to Bulgaria in February 2016. Operated by Bulmarket, renumbered to 85003.
86214	-	E3106	Sans Pareil	1980–2002	InterCity	Virgin Cross-Country	10/2002	Scrapped at Rotherham (03/2006)
86215	-	E3165	Joseph Chamberlain	1981–1996	Anglia Railways	'one'	10/2004	Exported to Hungary (05/2012). Operated by Floyd ZRt, no. 0450 005-8.
			Norwich Cathedral	1996–1997
			Norfolk and Norwich Festival	1998–1999
			The Round Tabler	2003–2004
86216	-	E3166	Meteor	1978–2002	InterCity	Virgin West Coast	04/1998	Scrapped atImmingham RFT(03/2003)
86217	86504	E3177	Comet	1980–1985	Anglia Railways	FM Rail	04/2004	Exported to Hungary (02/2013). Operated by Floyd ZRt, no. 450 006-6.
			Halley's Comet	1985–1994
			City University	1994–2004
86218	-	E3175	Planet	1979–1993	Anglia Railways	'one'	09/2004	Exported to Hungary (02/2011). Operated by Floyd ZRt, no. 0450 004-1.
			Harold Macmillan	1993–1997
			Year of Opera and Musical Theatre 1997	1997–1998
			NHS 50	1998-
86219	-	E3196	Phoenix	1978–2002	InterCity	Virgin West Coast	05/1996	Scrapped atImmingham RFT(05/2002)
86220	-	E3156	Goliath	1979–1987	Anglia Railways	Anglia Railways	05/2002	Scrapped atImmingham RFT(11/2003)
			The Round Tabler	1987–2002
86221	-	E3132	Vesta	1979–1987	Anglia Railways	Anglia Railways	05/2003	Scrapped atImmingham RFT(11/2003)
			BBC Look East	1987–2003
86222	86502	E3131	Fury	1979–1987	Virgin Red/Black	Virgin Cross-Country	10/2002	Scrapped atImmingham RFT(12/2003)
			Lloyd's List	1987–1989
			Lloyd's List 250th Anniversary	1989–1994
			Clothes Show Live	1994–2002
86223	-	E3158	Hector	1979–1987	Anglia Railways	FM Rail	04/2004	Scrapped at EMR Kingsbury (04/2011)
			Norwich Union	1987–2004
86224	-	E3134	Caledonian	1979–1988	InterCity	Virgin Cross-Country	07/2002	Scrapped at Rotherham (05/2006)
86225	-	E3164	Hardwicke	1980–2003	Virgin Red/Black	Virgin Cross-Country	07/2002	Scrapped at Rotherham (04/2006)
86226	-	E3162	Mail	1979–1984	Virgin Red/Black	Virgin Cross-Country	07/2002	Scrapped at EMR Kingsbury 04/2011
			Royal Mail Midlands	1984–1996
			Charles Rennie Mackintosh	1996–2002
86227	-	E3117	Sir Henry Johnson	1981–2002	Anglia Railways (with Union Flag)	'one'	10/2004	Scrapped at Rotherham (07/2005)
			Golden Jubilee	2002–2004
86228	-	E3167	Vulcan Heritage	1980-	InterCity	Virgin West Coast	10/2003	Exported to Hungary (07/2013). Operated by Floyd ZRt, no. 0450 007-4
86229	-	E3119	Sir John Betjeman	1983–1998	Virgin Red/Black	FM Rail	10/2003	Scrapped at Sandbach Commercial Dismantlers (02/2020).
			Lions Club International	1998–2003
86230	-	E3168	The Duke of Wellington	1981–1997	Anglia Railways	'one'	10/2004	Scrapped at EMR Kingsbury (05/2011)
86231	-	E3126	Starlight Express	1984–2002	Virgin Red/Black	FM Rail	07/2002	Exported to Bulgaria. Operated by Bulmarket, renumbered to 85005.
			Lady of the Lake	2017–
86232	-	E3113	Harold Macmillan	1979–1990	Anglia Railways	'one'	07/2005	Exported to Hungary (04/2010). Operated by Floyd ZRt, no. 0450 003-3
			Norfolk and Norwich Festival	1990–1995
				2001–2005
86233	86506	E3172	Laurence Olivier	1980–2002	BR Electric Blue	Swift Rail Ltd	11/2007	Exported to Bulgaria as a source of spares. Scrapped in Bulgaria (2019)
			Alstom Heritage	2002–2003
86234	-	E3155	J B Priestley OM	1980–2002	Anglia Railways	'one'	04/2005	Exported to Bulgaria. Operated by Bulmarket, renumbered to 85006.
			Suffolk - Relax Refresh Return	2002-
86235	-	E3194	Novelty	1979–1990	Anglia Railways	'one'	09/2005	Exported to Bulgaria. Operated by Bulmarket, renumbered to 85004.
			Harold Macmillan	1990–1992
			Crown Point	1992-
86236	-	E3133	Josiah Wedgwood - Master Potter 1736–1795	1978–2002	Virgin Red/Black	Virgin Cross-Country	10/2002	Scrapped atImmingham RFT(12/2003)
86237	-	E3197	Sir Charles Hallé	1983–1993	Anglia Railways	'one'	04/2004	Scrapped at Cardiff (10/2004)
			University of East Anglia	1993–2004
86238	-	E3116	European Community	1986–2004	Anglia Railways	'one'	10/2004	Scrapped at Boreham, Essex (05/2005)
86239	86507	E3169	L. S. Lowry	1980–1996	Rail Express Systems	EWS	04/1996	Written off inStafford accident. Scrapped atCrewe Electric TMD(04/1997)
86240	-	E3127	Bishop Eric Treacy	1979–2002	Virgin Red/Black	Virgin Cross-Country	10/2002	Scrapped at Rotherham (04/2005)
86241	86508	E3121	Glenfiddich	1979–2003	Rail Express Systems	EWS	01/2000	Scrapped atCrewe Electric TMD(02/2003)
86242	-	E3138	James Kennedy GC	1981–2002	Anglia Railways	'one'	10/2004	Involved inNuneaton rail crash(1975). Exported to Hungary (07/2013). Operated by Floyd ZRt, no. 0450 008-2
			Colchester Castle	2002–2004
86243	-	E3181	The Boys' Brigade	1983–1993	Rail Express Systems	EWS	11/2002	Scrapped atCF Booth, Rotherham(09/2004)
86244	-	E3178	The Royal British Legion	1981–2002	Virgin Red/Black	Virgin Cross-Country	10/2002	Scrapped atImmingham RFT(11/2003)
86245	-	E3182	Dudley Castle	1984–1998	Virgin Red/Black	Virgin West Coast	10/2003	Scrapped at EMR Kingsbury (06/2010)
			Caledonian	1998–2003
86246	86505	E3149	Royal Anglian Regiment	1985–	Anglia Railways	'one'	12/2004	Stripped of spare parts for 86101, 86401 and 87002 at Willesden. Some parts were transported to Barrow Hill for use on 81002, 82008, 83012 and 85101. Scrapped atCF Booth, Rotherham(01/2017)
86247	-	E3192	Abraham Darby	1981–2003	Europhoenix	Europhoenix	10/2003	Scrapped at Crewe Basford Hall (12/2015).Two cabs preserved by private owners.
86248	-	E3107	County of Clwyd / Sir Clwyd	1981–2003	Virgin Red/Black	Virgin Cross-Country	10/2002	Exported to Hungary (2/2009). Operated by Floyd ZRt, number 0450 001-7
86249	-	E3161	County of Merseyside	1981–2005	InterCity	Virgin Cross-Country	10/2003	Scrapped atMoD Caerwent(10/2005)
86250	-	E3189	The Glasgow Herald	1980–1998	Anglia Railways	FM Rail	04/2004	Exported to Hungary (5/2009). Operated by Floyd ZRt, no. 0450 002-5
			Sheppard 100	2003–2004
86251	-	E3183	The Birmingham Post	1984–2002	Virgin Red/Black	FM Rail	10/2002	Scrapped at CF Booth, Rotherham in January 2023
86252	-	E3101	The Liverpool Daily Post	1980–2000	Anglia Railways	Anglia Railways	05/2002	Scrapped atImmingham RFT(08/2002)
			Sheppard 100	2000–2002
86253	86044	E3136	The Manchester Guardian	1980–2004	Network Rail yellow	Network Rail	10/2002	Scrapped. See 86901 below.
86254	86047	E3142	William Webb Ellis	1980–1996	Rail Express Systems	EWS	10/2002	Scrapped atCF Booth, Rotherham(08/2004)
86255	86042	E3154	Penrith Beacon	1981–1999	InterCity	Virgin Cross-Country	08/1998	Scrapped atImmingham RFT(09/2002)
86256	86040	E3135	Pebble Mill	1981–2003	Virgin Red/Black	Virgin Cross-Country	10/2002	Scrapped at Rotherham (03/2006)
86257	86043	E3139	Snowdon	1981–1999	Anglia Railways	Anglia Railways	11/2002	Scrapped atImmingham RFT(11/2003)
86258	86046 86501	E3140	Talyllyn - The First Preserved Railway	1984–2001	Virgin Red/Black	Virgin Cross-Country	07/2002	Conversion to battery-electric locomotive cancelled. Scrapped at EMR Kingsbury (12/2009)
			Talyllyn 50 Years of Railway Preservation 1951-2001	2001-2002
86259	86045	E3137	Peter Pan	1979–1995	BR Electric Blue	Peter Pan Locomotive Ltd (Les Ross)	10/2003	Preserved by Les Ross and operational. Stabled atRugby railway station
			Greater Manchester The Life & Soul Of Britain	1995–2002
			Les Ross	2002–present
86260	86048	E3144	Driver Wallace Oakes GC	1981–2003	Anglia Railways	'one'	05/2004	Exported to Bulgaria. See 86702 below.
86261	86041	E3118	Driver John Axon GC	1981–1992	EWS Red/Gold	EWS	11/2002	Scrapped atCF Booth, Rotherham(12/2004)
			The Rail Charter Partnership	1997–2004
86401	86001	E3199	Northampton Town	1989–1991	Caledonian Blue	West Coast Railways, Carnforth	-	Preserved operational
			Hertfordshire Rail Tours	1998–2002
			Northampton Town	2005–2015
			Mons Meg	2015–present
86416	86316	E3109	Wigan Pier	1984–1992	Rail Express Systems	EWS	02/2002	Scrapped atCF Booth, Rotherham(07/2005)
86417	86317	E3146	The Kingsman	1985–1993	Rail Express Systems	EWS	09/2001	Scrapped atCF Booth, Rotherham(11/2004)
86419	86319	E3120	Post Haste 150 Years of the Travelling Post Office	1990–1993	Rail Express Systems	EWS	03/1999	Scrapped atCrewe Electric TMD(03/2003)
86424	86324	E3111	-	-	NR Yellow	Network Rail	12/2002	Exported to Hungary (08/2013). Operated by Floyd ZRt, no. 0450 009-0. Returned to service in 2018.
86425	86325	E3186	Saint Mungo	1995–2003	Rail Express Systems	EWS	02/2002	Scrapped atCF Booth, Rotherham(01/2005)
86426	86326	E3195	Pride of the Nation	1998–2002	Freightliner Green	EWS	06/2004	Derailed at Bushbury Junction (13/08/1979). Scrapped atCF Booth, Rotherham(11/2005)
86429	86329	E3200	The Times	1982–1986	InterCity	British Rail	11/1986	Written off inColwich accident(1986). Scrapped at Crewe Works (11/1986)
86430	86030	E3105	Scottish National Orchestra	1987–1991	Freightliner Green	EWS	06/2004	Scrapped atCF Booth, Rotherham(12/2005)
			Saint Edmund	1996–2002
86602	86402	E3170	-	-	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	03/2005	Scrapped by Sandbach Car & Commercial Dismantlers at Crewe LNWR (01/2010)
86603	86403	E3115	-	-	Revised Railfreight Distribution	Freightliner	09/1999	Scrapped atCF Booth, Rotherham(11/2005)
86604	86404	E3103	-	-	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	15/01/2021	Exported to Bulgaria
86605	86405	E3185	Intercontainer	1992–1996	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	05/06/2020	Exported to Bulgaria
86606	86406	E3112	-	-	Freightliner grey	Freightliner	11/2003	Scrapped at Ron Hull Jr, Rotherham (06/2007)
86607	86407	E3176	The Institution of Electrical Engineers	1987–2000	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	16/01/2021	Exported to Bulgaria
86608	86408 86501	E3180	St. John Ambulance	1987–1999	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	21/01/2021	Exported to Bulgaria
86609	86409	E3102	-	-	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	19/01/2021	Exported to Bulgaria
86610	86410	E3104	-	-	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	20/01/2020	Exported to Bulgaria
86611	86411	E3171	Airey Neave	1983–2003	Freightliner grey	Freightliner	11/2003	Written off inNorton Bridge accident(2003). Scrapped at Crewe Works byHNRC(02/2005)
86612	86412	E3122	Elizabeth Garrett Anderson	1983–2004	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	15/06/2020	Exported to Bulgaria
86613	86413	E3128	County of Lancashire	1985–1999	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	09/02/2021	Exported to Bulgaria
86614	86414	E3145	Frank Hornby	1986–2001	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	07/10/2020	Exported to Bulgaria
86615	86415	E3123	Rotary International	1984–2005	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	04/2005	Scrapped at Ron Hull Jr, Rotherham (07/2007)
86618	86418	E3163	-	-	Freightliner grey	Freightliner	08/2001	Scrapped atCF Booth, Rotherham(03/2005)
86620	86420	E3114	Philip G Walton	1998–	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	09/2005	Scrapped at Ron Hull Jr, Rotherham (06/2007)
86621	86421	E3157	London School of Economics	1985–2004	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	04/2011	Scrapped at Crewe LNWR (03/2013)
86622	86422	E3174	-	-	Freightliner Powerhaul	Freightliner	17/11/2020	Exported to Bulgaria
86623	86423	E3152	-	-	Freightliner grey	Freightliner	10/2003	Scrapped by Sandbach Car & Commercial Dismantlers at Crewe LNWR (01/2010)
86627	86427	E3110	The Industrial Society	1985–1999	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	28/05/2020	Exported to Bulgaria
86628	86428	E3159	Aldaniti	1984–2004	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	09/07/2020	Exported to Bulgaria
86631	86431	E3188	-	-	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	11/2003	Written off inNorton Bridge accident(2003). Scrapped at Crewe Works byHNRC(03/2005)
86632	86432	E3148	Brookside	1987–1999	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	17/02/2021	Exported to Bulgaria
86633	86433	E3198	Wulfruna	1985–2004	Freightliner grey	Freightliner	02/2004	Scrapped at Crewe LNWR (03/2013)
86634	86434	E3187	University of London	1986–1999	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	05/2002	Scrapped atCF Booth, Rotherham(03/2005)
86635	86435	E3124	-	-	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	02/2004	Scrapped at Crewe LNWR (03/2013)
86636	86436	E3160	-	-	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	03/2000	Scrapped atCF Booth, Rotherham(01/2005)
86637	86437	E3130	-	-	Freightliner Powerhaul	Freightliner	05/01/2021	Exported to Bulgaria
86638	86438	E3108	-	-	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	21/01/2021	Exported to Bulgaria
86639	86439	E3153	-	-	Freightliner Green	Freightliner	22/01/2021	Exported to Bulgaria
86701	86205	E3129	Orion	2009–2015	Colas Rail Yellow & Orange	Europhoenix	12/2015	Exported to Bulgaria. Operated by Bulmarket, renumbered to 85001.
86702	86260	E3144	Cassiopeia	2009–2015	Electric Traction Limited Red and Grey	Europhoenix	12/2015	Exported to Bulgaria. Operated by Bulmarket, renumbered to 85002.
86901	86253	E3136	Chief Engineer	2005–2011	NR Yellow	Network Rail	03/2011	Scrapped at Sandbach Commercial Dismantlers Ltd (06/2018)
86902	86210	E3190	Rail Vehicle Engineering	2005–2011	NR Yellow	Network Rail	03/2011	Scrapped atCF Booth, Rotherham(11/2016). One cab preserved by a private owner.

N.B.All locomotives numbered 86253–86261, 863xx, 864xx and 866xx were previously numbered in the 860xx series.

Accidents

Over the years, several Class 86 locomotives have been involved in accidents. The most serious of these was theWatford Junction rail crashon 23 January 1975, between Bushey and Watford Junction, when no. 86209 collided head-on withClass 83no. 83003.The Class 86 was seriously damaged after falling down an embankment, coming to rest in a field (now the site of the Colne Valley Retail Park). It was eventually recovered, several weeks later, by road. Surprisingly, given the seriousness of the incident, it was authorised for repairs and later returned to service.

Also, on 6 June 1975, nos. 86006 and 86242 were involved in theNuneaton rail crash.The accident happened when the 23:30 sleeper from London Euston to Glasgow derailed after entering a temporary speed restriction at too high a speed, resulting in the loss of six lives. Both locomotives were later repaired.

Another serious accident was theColwich rail crashon 19 September 1986, when nos. 86211 and 86429 were involved in a head-on collision. Both locomotives were written off and subsequently scrapped at Crewe Works over the following year.

On 8 March 1996, aTravelling Post Officetrain hauled by no. 86239 collided with the rear of a freight train atStafford,writing-off the locomotive and killing two of theRoyal Mailemployees on board the train, John Thomson and Tommy Poynts.

On 16 October 2003, theNorton Bridge rail crashsaw anintermodaltrain, hauled by nos. 86631 and 86611, collide with the rear of another stationary freight train. The force of the impact broke the leading locomotive in half, although the driver survived. 86631 was written off due to severe damage, while 86611 became a source of spares for Freightliner.

Model railways

In 1981,Hornby Railwayslaunched its first version of the Class 86 inOO gaugein BR Blue, as 86219Phoenix.Further examples, in a variety of liveries, have since been released.The Hornby model has since been superseded by a model fromHeljan,which was introduced in 2010.However, this latter model had its faults and a retooled version depicting Classes 86/4 and 86/6 was announced in 2019.Further Class 86/2 models will then join the Heljan range in 2023.

InBritish N gauge,a model was made briefly byLimaas E3185 in Electric Blue livery; however, this model was too short and has not been available new for many years. A more accurate model is made byDapoland is available in a variety of liveries.The Dapol model was introduced in 2010.

References

Sources

• Longhurst, Roly (1979).Electric Locomotives of the West Coast Main Line.Truro: D. Bradford Barton Ltd.ISBN0851533558.OCLC16491712.
• Webb, Brian; Duncan, John (1979).AC Electric Locomotives of British Rail.David & Charles.ISBN9780715376638.OCLC6916046.
• Haresnape, Brian (July 1965). "The New Image Emerges on the LMR".Modern Railways.Vol. 21, no. 202. Ian Allan.

Further reading

• Derrick, Kevin (2014).Looking back at AC Electric Locomotives.Strathwood.ISBN9781905276516.OCLC931820979.
• Marsden, Colin J. (2007).The AC Electrics.OPC.ISBN9780860936145.OCLC148304137.
• McManus, Michael.Ultimate Allocations, British Railways Locomotives 1948–1968.Wirral. Michael McManus.
• Morrison, Brian (1988).The Power of the AC Electrics.OPC.ISBN9780860932468.OCLC59814839.
• Morrison, Gavin (2013).AC Electric Locomotives in Colour.Ian Allan.ISBN9780711035058.OCLC812686430.
• Shaw, Chris (1991).Rail Portfolios 13: The AC Electrics.Ian Allan.ISBN9780711019386.OCLC59968422.
• "Class 86s to be cut up at Crewe".The Railway Magazine.Vol. 159, no. 1345. Horncastle: Mortons Media Group. May 2013. p. 80.ISSN0033-8923.OCLC750645684.
• Vehicle Diagram Book No. 110 for Electric Locomotives(PDF).Derby: British Railways Board. November 1988. 86-0b, 86-0c, 86-1a, 86-1b, 86-2b, 86-2c, 86-2d, 86-2e, 86-3a, 86-3b, 86-4a, 86-4b, 86-5a, 86-6a, 86-6b – via Barrowmore MRG.

External links

• The AC Locomotive Group
• BR Blue Livery Specification