Jump to content

Brown Sugar(D'Angelo album)

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Brown Sugar
Studio albumby
D'Angelo
ReleasedJuly 3, 1995
Recorded1994–1995
Studio
  • Battery (New York City)
  • RPM (New York City)
  • Pookie Lab (Sacramento)
Genre
Length53:17
LabelEMI
Producer
D'Angelochronology
Brown Sugar
(1995) 		Live at the Jazz Cafe
(1998)
SinglesfromBrown Sugar
  1. "Brown Sugar"
    Released: June 13, 1995
  2. "Cruisin'"
    Released: December 5, 1995
  3. "Lady"
    Released: March 5, 1996[2]
  4. "Me and Those Dreamin' Eyes of Mine"
    Released: 1996

Brown Sugaris the debut studio album by American singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalistD'Angelo,released on July 3, 1995, throughEMI.The album was recorded during 1994 and 1995 in sessions at Battery Studios and RPM Studios inNew York Cityand at the Pookie Lab inSacramento.Its production, instrumentation, arrangements, and songwriting were primarily handled by D'Angelo, who employed both vintage recording equipment and modern electronic devices. The songs feature earnest lyrics about love and romance, set against a fusion ofcontemporary R&Band traditionalsoul musicwith elements offunk,quiet storm,andhip hop music.

Brown Sugardebuted at number six on the USBillboardTop R&B Albumschart, selling 300,000 copies in its first two months. With the help of its four singles, it spent 65 weeks on theBillboard200chart and receivedplatinumcertification within a year of its release.Brown Sugarwas also met with widespread acclaim and earned D'Angelo several accolades, including fourGrammy Awardnominations. Regarded by music journalists as a pivotal release inneo soul,the album brought commercial exposure to the burgeoning musical movement amid the prominence of producer-driven, digitally approached R&B.

Background

[edit]

By 1991, singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Michael D'Angelo Archer had formed his native-Richmond, Virginiamusical group—Michael Archer and Precise—and achieved success on the Amateur Night competition atHarlem, New York'sApollo Theater.Soon after, hedropped outof school and moved toNew York City,[3]as an attempt to develop his own music career.[4]The group had previously enjoyed some notice in Richmond, evenly dividing their repertoire betweensoulcovers and originals, while D'Angelo accumulated compositions of his own and developed his songwriting skills.[3]The group's turnout on Amateur Night resulted in three consecutive wins and a cash prize,[5]after which, upon returning home to Richmond, D'Angelo was inspired to produce his own album and began composing material.[6]

After a brief tenure as a member of thehip hopgroup I.D.U. (Intelligent, Deadly but Unique),[7]D'Angelo signed a publishing deal withEMI Musicin 1991 after catching the attention of record executives through ademo tape,which was originally by the group.[8][9]After impressing EMI execs with a three-hour impromptu piano recital,[5]D'Angelo was signed to a recording contract in 1993.[3]A&R-man Gary Harris was primarily responsible for his signing,[10]while managerKedar Massenburghelped negotiate the contract as well.[11]Massenburg became D'Angelo's manager after hearing of him through "the buzz on the streets".[11]He had previously managed hip hop groupStetsasonicand formed theartist management-firm Kedar Entertainment in 1991, which he diversified into production, music publishing and publicity.[11]

In 1994, his first significant success came in the form of the hit single "U Will Know".[8]D'Angelo co-wrote and co-produced the song for the all-maleR&BsupergroupBlack Men United,which featured R&B singers such asBrian McKnight,Usher,R. Kelly,Boyz II Men,Raphael SaadiqandGerald Levert.[12]D'Angelo composed the music for "U Will Know", while his brother, Luther Archer, wrote the lyrics.[13]Originally featured on the soundtrack to the filmJason's Lyric(1994), the single peaked at number 5 on theHot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracksand number 28 on theBillboardHot 100.[14]The music video for "U Will Know" featured D'Angelo as the group's choir director; he reprised the role for the live performance of the song at theSoul Train Music Awards.[12]That same year, he wrote and produced the song "Overjoyed" for theBoys Choir of Harlem,[15]which appeared on their studio albumThe Sound of Hope(1994).[16]The success of "U Will Know" helped build the buzz surrounding D'Angelo, which was followed by a number of highly promoted performance showcases, and added to the buzz amongmusic industryinsiders.[12]

Recording and production

[edit]
D'Angelo (pictured in 2012) played a variety of instruments on the album, including guitar.

After his successful performance with his group Precise at the Apollo Theater in 1991, D'Angelo received a US$500 check for his work at the venue and used most of it to purchase afour-track recorderand akeyboard.At his mother's house in Richmond,[17]he began writing and recording most of the material that would constituteBrown Sugarduring 1991 and 1992.[3]Recording for the album took place during 1994 and 1995 at Battery Studios and RPM Studios inNew York City,and at the Pookie Lab studio inSacramento, California,[18]which served as the personal recording studio of R&B musician and record producer Raphael Saadiq.[19]Additional recording took place at Back Pocket Studios in New York City for the track "Cruisin'".[18]

In contrast to the production style of contemporary R&B at the time, which featured predominant casting of well-known record producers for an artist's project, D'Angelo handled most of the album's production, as well as contributing all of the vocals.[20]While most of the production was handled by D'Angelo, other producers contributed as well, including Saadiq,Ali Shaheed MuhammadofA Tribe Called Questand studio engineerBob Power.[18]

D'Angelo's expertise and ability to play various instruments, including drums, saxophone, guitar, bass, and keyboards, aided him in the recording ofBrown Sugar,[13]as most of the album's instrumentation and production were credited to his name.[18]In a 1995 interview, he discussed the influence that musicianPrincehad on his approach to recording the album, stating "I was one of those guys who read the album credits and I realized that Prince was a true artist. He wrote, produced, and performed, and that's the way I wanted to do it."[13]For the album, D'Angelo and the production personnel utilized antiquated, vintage equipment, includingWurlitzermusical instruments and datedeffects boxes,as well as modern electronic devices such asdrum machinesandcomputers.[4]Notable instruments used by D'Angelo were theFender Rhodeselectric piano and theHammond organ.[20][21]The album was latermasteredby engineer Herb Powers Jr. atThe Hit Factorymastering studio in New York City.[18]

Music

[edit]

Born to aPentecostal-ministerfather, D'Angelo was brought up to an early appreciation ofgospel music,while his mother, ajazzenthusiast, introduced him to the musical complexities of trumpeterMiles Davisand the funk and soul music of the 1970s.[3]In addition to old gospel records,[22]these factors inspired him during the making ofBrown Sugar,as D'Angelo drew upon his roots of traditional gospel and soul, and infused the sound of contemporary R&B and hip hop music to create a stylistically unique and soulful sound for the album.[13]The album has been noted by critics for its classic soul elements and influences,[20][23][24]as well as the sound of live instruments and organic grooves, which are reminiscent of the work ofStevie WonderandSly & the Family Stone.[5][25]Its production contrasts the producer-driven and digital approach of contemporary R&B at the time of its release.[26]

The album's title track was produced by D'Angelo andAli Shaheed Muhammad(2008).

The album's sound is prominently driven by keyboards, sensual vocals, and smooth melodies,[27]while it evokes the work of such artists asPrince,Isaac Hayes,Marvin Gaye,Smokey Robinsonandthe Isley Brothers.[15][28]Thequiet storm-love song "Cruisin'",a cover of Robinson's 1979 hit of the same name, features a predominant string section.[29]Along with the album's modern aesthetic and vintage texture,[15]Brown Sugaralso encompasses the sounds of the blues, gospel and jazz in a contemporary fashion.[20]According to music journalistPeter Shapiro,"Lady" uses "the jazzy hallmarks of bohemian soul to emphasize the singer's insecurity".[29]Most of the songs on the album have a stripped-down feel, without complex orchestrations, and have heavy drum beats and bass lines, which are accompanied by electric piano riffs and minimal guitar work.[7]Music writerRobert ChristgaufindsBrown Sugarto be "bass-driven rather than voice-led".[30]

Vocals

[edit]

D'Angelo's singing throughoutBrown Sugaris a gospel-influenced,falsettocrooningstyle,[21]which critics have compared the singing of Prince,[29]Al Green,[31]Donny Hathaway,andSam Cooke.[32]Despite the album's retro influence, music writers have noted his delivery as having a hip hop approach and "swagger",as one critic described the album as a" blend of classic soul and urban attitude ".[28]Another writer described the album's vibe as "sultry" and D'Angelo's vocal delivery as "sly".[33]Music journalistJon Caramanicalater called D'Angelo a "classicist, in other words, cloaked in the guise of a hip-hop roughneck."[32]Shapiro viewed the vocal production as similar to that of Prince'sSign o' the Times(1987).[29]The album's closing track "Higher" features D'Angelo's organ set to a choir of his overdubbed vocals,[20]while "Jonz in My Bonz", which compares love to an addiction, features D'Angelo's falsetto moans overdubbed in an array for effect.[29]

According to D'Angelo, the hip hop influence present on the album "came from theNative Tonguesmovement -Tribe Called Quest,Gang StarrandMain Source."[34]The title track features the most hip hop influence on the album, as Ali Shaheed Muhammad's co-production for the song developed a seamless integration of hip hop beats into D'Angelo's old school-influenced material.[13]The vocal delivery on the track resembles the flow of most emcees at the time.[12]In a 1995 interview, D'Angelo cited hip hop artistsRakimandKRS-Oneas one of his greatest influences, and explained his affinity with rapping, stating "All rap is street soul. They just have a different method."[13]

Lyrics

[edit]

With the exception of the title track, a thinly veiled ode to smoking marijuana, most of the album's material consists of traditionalromanceballadsandlove songs,in the style of classic soul music.[7]The lyrical content of the album closer, "Higher", combines the spiritual love of God and the carnal love of a woman, and is similar to the lyricism of Prince,[35]who has been noted by music writers for exploring the "eternal dichotomy" of spirituality and sexuality.[12]Music writers have noted the lyrical "openness" of the album, along with qualities of honesty and "earnestness" in D'Angelo's songwriting,[7][31]in comparison to most contemporary R&B at the time.[20]"Alright" deals with the consequences of a relationship and reassurance of its security.[36]"Shit, Damn, Motherfucker" was cited by Shapiro as "the nastiest cheating song since that hoary old standard of 60s rock, 'Hey Joe' ",[29]It features a string of emphaticinterjections(the chorus line "shit,damn,Mother fucker"describes his reaction)[36]and rhetorical questions by the narrator after walking in on his wife and his best friend in bed together.[29]Music criticChristopher John Farleydescribed the chorus as a "little like theFuhrman tapes,with a beat ",[15]whileMark Anthony Nealfound the song to be "drenched with Marvin Gaye’s paranoia."[37]

Marketing and sales

[edit]

Brown Sugarwas released on July 3, 1995, byEMI.[38]The album debuted at number six on the USBillboardTop R&B Albumschart in the week of July 22, 1995.[39]It ultimately peaked at number four in the week of February 24, 1996,[40]and spent a total of 54 weeks on the chart.[41]Brown Sugaralso spent 65 weeks on theBillboard200and peaked at number 22 on the chart.[42]It sold 300,000 copies within its two months of release.[43]The album had been selling 35,000 to 40,000 copies a week through to November 1995,[44]and by January 1996, it had sold 400,000 copies.[45]With the help of its four singles, including thegold-certified, half-million-sellingBillboardHot 100hit "Lady" andR&Btop-ten singles "Brown Sugar" and "Cruisin'",[46][47][48]the album reached sales of 500,000 copies in the United States by October 1995.[44][49]

In late 1995, D'Angelo toured in promotion of the album, and his concert atThe Jazz Caféin London produced the 1996 live albumLive at the Jazz Cafe.[50]On February 7, 1996,Brown Sugarwas certified platinum by theRecording Industry Association of America,following shipments in excess of one million copies in the U.S.[49]The album was certified gold in Canada on May 9, 2000.[51]Its total sales have been estimated by several sources within the range of 1.5 million to over two million copies.[8][26][52][53][54][55][56]

Brown Sugarwas re-released as a two-disc deluxe edition on August 25, 2017, byVirginandUniversal Music Enterprises.The reissue featured remastering byRussell Elevado,a 20-page booklet essayed byNelson George,and 21 additional songs. The bonus material included instrumentals,a cappellaversions, and remixes by CJ Mackintosh,Dallas Austin,King Tech,Erick Sermon,andIncognito;seven of the 21 additional songs had never been released before commercially, while the others were previously available only on vinyl.[57]

Critical reception and legacy

[edit]
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[23]
Chicago Tribune[58]
Entertainment WeeklyA[24]
The Guardian[59]
MSN Music(Expert Witness)A−[30]
NME9/10[60]
Pitchfork9.2/10[61]
Rolling Stone[62]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[32]
Spin8/10[63]

Brown Sugarwas acclaimed by contemporarymusic critics.[44]Martin Johnson of theChicago Tribunepraised D'Angelo's fusing of "elements of Prince, early '70s Smokey Robinson and post-Woodstock Sly and the Family Stone".[58]NMEwrote that "D'Angelo's downbeat world blurs the borders..., kicking over the traces of the genre game".[60]Timemagazine'sChristopher John Farleysaid that D'Angelo's austere sound on the album serves as a reminder of the 1970s' musical atmosphere, but updated for listeners in the 1990s.[15]In his review forVibe,James Hunter wrote that he is "determined to give pre-hip hop forms like blues, soul, gospel, and jazz a mid-'90s vibe", and "inhabits his songs from odd angles, without non-stop Vandross-style aural showmanship."[64]Rolling Stonemagazine'sCheo H. CokerpraisedBrown Sugarfor its soulful sound and musical deviation from theNew Jack-style of R&B at the time, stating:

Call him an ndegéocello (Swahilifor "free as a bird" ), a rebel soul... Like his fellow retrolutionariesMe'Shell NdegéOcello,Joi,OmarandDionne Farris,he's shattering the conventional definition of "black music." It doesn't have to be a lackluster genre in which format, not content, determines heavy rotation.Brown Sugaris a reminder of where R&B has been and, if the genre is to resurrect its creative relevance like aphoenixrising from the ashes, where it needs to go.[62]

Despite calling it "lyrically a bit simple",Yahoo! Music's Jeff Watson commended D'Angelo for his musicianship and wrote that his "marvelous voice and smooth instrumentation complement his solid songwriting skills".[65]Having been lukewarm toward the record in a contemporary review forThe Village Voice,Robert Christgaulater wrote inMSN Musicthat he "wasn't surprised to have warmed to it... D'Angelo's concentration is formidable, his groove complex yet primal."[30]The song "Brown Sugar" was nominated for the 1996Grammy AwardforBest Male R&B Vocal PerformanceandBest R&B Song.The album was also nominated forBest R&B Album."Lady" was nominated for a 1997 Grammy Award forBest Male R&B Vocal Performance.[20]It was also ranked number 21 onThe Village Voice's 1995Pazz & Jopcritics' poll[20]and number 12 inThe Wire's annual critics' poll.[66]

Since its initial reception, the album's sound has been dubbed as "neo soul".[67]D'Angelo's commercial breakthrough withBrown Sugarhas been credited by writers and music critics for providing commercial visibility to the emerging neo soul movement of the mid-1990s, as well as inspiration behind the coinage of the termneo soul.[67][68][69]The term was originally coined by Kedar Massenburg to market D'Angelo's music, as well as work byErykah Badu,Lauryn Hill,andMaxwell.[67]In a 1996 article for theChicago Tribune,critic Greg Kot citedBrown Sugaras "arguably where the current soul revival started".[68]USA Today's Steve Jones wrote that the album "paved the way for innovative albums by Maxwell,Tony RichandEric Benet".[70]Yahoo! Music's Jeff Watson wrote that the album "single-handedly revitalized the creatively-dormant R&B scene".[65]Robert Christgau has dubbed it a "modern wellspring" for neo soul.[30]Mojoranked it number 97 on its "100 Modern Classics" list, andRolling StoneincludedBrown Sugaron its list of "Essential Recordings of the 90's".[20]In 2020,Rolling Stoneranked the album at number 183 on their updated list of the500 Greatest Albums of All Time.[71]

Track listing

[edit]
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Brown Sugar"D'Angelo,Ali Shaheed MuhammadD'Angelo, Ali Shaheed Muhammad4:22
2."Alright"D'AngeloD'Angelo, Bob Power5:13
3."Jonz in My Bonz"D'Angelo,Angela StoneD'Angelo5:56
4."Me and Those Dreamin' Eyes of Mine"D'AngeloD'Angelo, Bob Power4:46
5."Sh★t, Damn, Motherf★cker"D'AngeloD'Angelo, Bob Power5:14
6."Smooth"D'Angelo, Luther ArcherD'Angelo, Bob Power4:19
7."Cruisin'"William Robinson,Marvin TarplinD'Angelo6:24
8."When We Get By"D'AngeloD'Angelo5:44
9."Lady"D'Angelo,Raphael SaadiqD'Angelo, Raphael Saadiq5:46
10."Higher"D'Angelo, Luther Archer, Rodney ArcherD'Angelo, Bob Power5:28

Personnel

[edit]

Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.[18]

# Title Notes
Brown Sugar

All songs composed, written, arranged, performed and produced by D'Angelo, except where indicated.
Executive producer: Kedar Massenburg for Kedar Entertainment, Inc.
A&R direction: Gary Harris and Kedar Massenburg
Management: Kedar Entertainment, Inc.
A&R administration: Laura Rinaldi
Business management: V. Brown & Co.
Legal representation: Fred Davis, Esq.
Additional assistant engineers: Suz Dweyer, Julio Peralta, Martin Czember
Mastered by Herb Powers Jr. at Hit Factory Mastering, NYC
Art direction: Henry Marquez
Design: C.M.O.N.
Photography: Per Gustafson

1 "Brown Sugar"

Written by D'Angelo and Ali Shaheed Muhammed
Produced by D'Angelo and Ali Shaheed Muhammad
Vocal arrangements by D'Angelo
All vocals by D'Angelo
Musical arrangements by D'Angelo
All instruments by D'Angelo
Drum programming by Ali Shaheed Muhammad
Recorded at Battery Studios, NYC
Additional engineering by Tim Latham at Soundtrack, NYC
Mixed by Bob Power at Battery Studios, NYC
Assistant engineer: G-Spot

2 "Alright"

Written by D'Angelo
Produced by D'Angelo and Bob Power
Vocal arrangements by D'Angelo
All vocals by D'Angelo
Musical arrangements by D'Angelo
All instruments by D'Angelo
Guitar by Bob Power
Recorded by Bob Power at Battery Studios, NYC
Assistant engineer: G-Spot
Mixed by Bob Power at Battery Studios, NYC

3 "Jonz in My Bonz"

Written by D'Angelo and Angie Stone
Produced by D'Angelo
Vocal arrangements by D'Angelo
All vocals by D'Angelo
Musical arrangements by D'Angelo
All instruments by D'Angelo
Guitar by Bob Power
Recorded by G-Spot at Battery Studios, NYC
Assistant engineer: Rob Farrell, Chaz Harper
Mixed by Russell Elevado at Battery Studios, NYC
Additional engineering by Tim Latham at Battery Studios, NYC

4 "Me and Those Dreamin' Eyes of Mine"

Written by D'Angelo
Produced by D'Angelo and Bob Power
Vocal arrangements by D'Angelo
All vocals by D'Angelo
Musical arrangements by D'Angelo
Guitar by Bob Power
All other instruments by D'Angelo
Recorded by Bob Power at Battery Studios, NYC
Assistant engineer: G-Spot
Mixed by Bob Power at Battery Studios, NYC

5 "Sh★t, Damn, Motherf★cker"

Written by D'Angelo
Produced by D'Angelo and Bob Power
Vocal arrangements by D'Angelo
All vocals by D'Angelo
Musical arrangements by D'Angelo
Guitar by Bob Power
All other instruments by D'Angelo
Recorded by Bob Power at Battery Studios, NYC
Assistant engineer: G-Spot
Mixed by Bob Power at Battery Studios, NYC

6 "Smooth"

Written by D'Angelo and Luther Archer
Produced by D'Angelo and Bob Power
Vocal arrangements by D'Angelo
All vocals by D'Angelo
Musical arrangements by D'Angelo
Bass by Larry Grenadier
Guitar by Mark Whitfield
Drums by Gene Lake
All other instruments by D'Angelo
Recorded by Bob Power at Battery Studios, NYC
Assistant engineer: G-Spot
Mixed by Bob Power at Battery Studios, NYC

7 "Cruisin'"

Written by William Robinson and Marvin Tarplin
Produced by D'Angelo
Vocal arrangements by D'Angelo
All vocals by D'Angelo
Musical arrangements by D'Angelo
All instruments by D'Angelo
Orchestra conductor and arranger: Dunn Pierson
Orchestra contractor and copyist: Eugene Bianco
Flute and piccolo: Laura Vivino
Violins: Gerald Tarack, Marilyn Wright, Regis Iandorio, Matthew Raimondi, Masako Yanagita,
Natalie Kriegler, Alexander Simionescu, Winterton Garvey
Viola: Julien Barber, Olivia Koppell, Sue Pray, Eufrosina Railenu
Cello: Jesse Levy, Seymour Barab
Recorded by G-Spot at Battery Studios, NYC
Assistant engineer: Rob Farrell
Additional recording by Butch Jones at Back Pocket Studios, NYC
Mixed by G-Spot at Battery Studios, NYC
Additional engineering by Tim Latham at Quad Studios, NYC

8 "When We Get By"

Written by D'Angelo
Produced by D'Angelo
Vocal arrangements by D'Angelo
All vocals by D'Angelo
Musical arrangements by D'Angelo
Trumpet by Bob "Bassy" Brockman
All other instruments by D'Angelo
Recorded by G-Spot at Battery Studios, NYC
Assistant engineer: Rob Farrell
Mixed by Russell Elevado at Battery Studios, NYC
Assistant engineer: Chaz Harper
Additional engineering by Tim Latham at Battery Studios, NYC

9 "Lady"

Written by D'Angelo and Raphael Saadiq
Produced by D'Angelo and Raphael Saadiq
Vocal arrangements by D'Angelo
All vocals by D'Angelo
Musical arrangements by D'Angelo and Raphael Saadiq
Bass by Raphael Saadiq
Piano byTim Christian
Guitar by Raphael Saadiq
Additional guitar by D'Angelo
Recorded by Darrin Harris at Pookie Lab, Sacramento, CA
Additional recording by G-Spot at Battery Studios, NYC
Assistant engineer: Rob Farrell, Chaz Harper
Mixed by Russell Elevado at Battery Studios, NYC
Additional engineering by Tim Latham at Quad Studios, NYC

10 "Higher"

Written by D'Angelo, Luther Archer and Rodney Archer
Produced by D'Angelo and Bob Power
Vocal arrangements by D'Angelo
All vocals by D'Angelo
Musical arrangements by D'Angelo
Bass byWill Lee
Drums by Ralph Rolle
Rhythm guitar by Bob Power
All other instruments by D'Angelo
Recorded by Bob Power at RPM Studios, NYC
Additional recording at Battery Studios, NYC
Assistant engineer: G-Spot
Mixed by Bob Power at RPM Studios, NYC

Charts

[edit]

Singles

[edit]
Year Single Peak
positions
US
Pop[82] 		US
R&B[83] 		US
Dance[47] 		US
R&B Airplay[47]
1995 "Brown Sugar" 27 5 14 26
"Cruisin'" 53 10 25 20
1996 "Lady" 10 2 7 10
"Me and Those Dreamin' Eyes of Mine" 74 25 2 —
"—" denotes a release that did not chart.

Certifications

[edit]
Region Certification Certified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[84] Gold 100,000^
United States (RIAA)[85] Platinum 1,000,000^

^Shipments figures based on certification alone.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Pitchfork Staff (September 28, 2022)."The 150 Best Albums of the 1990s".Pitchfork.RetrievedApril 26,2023.He crafted an idiosyncratic sound for his debut albumBrown Sugar,blending jazz and soul...
  2. ^"Lady [US Single] - D'Angelo | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards | AllMusic".AllMusic.All Media Network.RetrievedJuly 1,2015.
  3. ^abcdeOblender (2001), pp. 35–36.
  4. ^abD'Angelo: Biography.NME.Retrieved on January 28, 2009.
  5. ^abcSamuels, Allison.Pop Music: A One-Man Soul Revival.Newsweek.Retrieved on April 15, 2014.
  6. ^Touré.Untitled Document: D'Angelo, May 2000.Rolling Stone.Archived fromthe originalon April 2, 2011.
  7. ^abcdH.W. Wilson Co. (2001), pp. 36–39.
  8. ^abcHuey, Steve.D'Angelo: Biography.Allmusic.Retrieved on January 28, 2009.
  9. ^D'Angelo: Artist Bio.MuchMusic.Retrieved on January 28, 2009.
  10. ^Peisner, David (2008).Body & Soul.Spin,pp. 64–72.
  11. ^abcGale Staff (1998), pp. 138–139.
  12. ^abcdeD'Angelo Signed to RCA Music Group (J Records).PRWeb.Retrieved on December 8, 2008.
  13. ^abcdefOnnell (1997), pp. 103–105.
  14. ^Jason's Lyric: Charts & Awards.Allmusic. Retrieved on January 28, 2009.
  15. ^abcdeFarley, Christopher John.Review:Brown Sugar.Time.Retrieved on February 1, 2009.
  16. ^Amazon: The Sound of Hope.Amazon, Inc. Retrieved on February 1, 2009.
  17. ^Biography: D'Angelo.Rolling Stone.Retrieved on January 29, 2009.
  18. ^abcdefTrack listing and credits as per liner notes for Brown Sugar album
  19. ^News Review: SN&R - Full gospeldelic.Chico Community Publishing, Inc. Retrieved on February 3, 2009.
  20. ^abcdefghiProduct Page:Brown Sugar.Muze.Retrieved on February 3, 2009.
  21. ^abNorris, Chris. "Review:Brown Sugar".New York:81. July 17, 1995.
  22. ^Shapiro (2006), p. 103.
  23. ^abErlewine, Stephen Thomas."Brown Sugar– D'Angelo ".AllMusic.RetrievedJanuary 29,2009.
  24. ^abMukherjee, Tiarra (June 30, 1995)."Brown Sugar".Entertainment Weekly.RetrievedMay 12,2020.
  25. ^iTunes Store: Brown Sugar.Apple Inc. Retrieved on February 8, 2009.
  26. ^abWells, Chris.Pop: Just Got to Keep It Real.The Independent.Retrieved on May 9, 2010.
  27. ^Farley (2002), pp. 56–57.
  28. ^abBarnes & Noble: Brown Sugar.Barnesandnoble llc. Retrieved on February 8, 2009.
  29. ^abcdefgShapiro (2006), p. 104.
  30. ^abcdChristgau, Robert(February 24, 2012)."Al Green/D'Angelo".MSN Music.RetrievedFebruary 25,2012.
  31. ^abEventful: D'Angelo - Bio.Eventful, Inc. Retrieved on February 1, 2009.
  32. ^abcJon Caramanica et al. Hoard (2004), p. 210.
  33. ^Vibe: VIBE 150 R&B.Vibe Media Group, Inc. on February 8, 2009.
  34. ^Farber, Jim (January 23, 2000). "Body & Soul: Sexy D'Angelo practices a little 'Voodoo' and spins a hit".Daily News.New York.
  35. ^MusicCity.org: Brown Sugar[permanent dead link].Music City. Retrieved on January 29, 2009.
  36. ^abMVRemix Album Reviews: D'Angelo - Brown Sugar.MVRemix Media. Retrieved on January 29, 2009.
  37. ^PopMatters: D'Angelo - Voodoo.PopMatters. Retrieved on February 1, 2009.
  38. ^"Today in Hip Hop History: D'Angelo Drops Debut 'Brown Sugar' LP 23 Years Ago".The Source.July 3, 2018.RetrievedOctober 24,2018.
  39. ^R&B/Hip-Hop Albums - Week of July 22, 1995.Billboard.Retrieved on May 9, 2010.
  40. ^R&B/Hip-Hop Albums - Week of February 24, 1996.Billboard.Retrieved on May 9, 2010.
  41. ^Chart History: D'Angelo - R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.Billboard.Retrieved on May 9, 2010.
  42. ^Chart History: D'Angelo - Billboard 200.Billboard.Retrieved on May 9, 2010.
  43. ^Coker, Cheo H. "Is D'Angelo the Heir to Throne of Soul Music? 21-Year-Old Newcomer Has Fans Swooning Over Voice as Sweet as `Brown Sugar'[dead link]".Chicago Tribune:1. August 18, 1995.
  44. ^abcAyers, Anne. "D'Angelo Cruisin' Through His First Tour.USA Today:14.D. November 1, 1995.
  45. ^Phillips, Chuck. "The New Payola // Record Companies Use Perks To Gain Ear of Radio Stations The New Payola // Record Companies Use Perks To Gain Ear of Radio Stations".Chicago Sun-Times:1. January 3, 1996.
  46. ^"Best-Selling Records of 1996".Billboard.Vol. 109, no. 3. BPI Communications Inc. January 18, 1997. p. 61.ISSN0006-2510.RetrievedMay 8,2015.
  47. ^abcBillboard Singles:Brown Sugar.Allmusic. Retrieved on May 9, 2010.
  48. ^"American certifications – D%27Angelo".Recording Industry Association of America.
  49. ^abGold & Platinum - Searchable Database: Brown SugarArchivedOctober 19, 2015, at theWayback Machine.Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved on May 9, 2010.
  50. ^"The Summer Heat of Miles, the Early Cool of D'Angelo".The New York Times.March 28, 2014.RetrievedApril 15,2014.
  51. ^Search Certification Database: Brown SugarArchivedNovember 15, 2011, at theWayback Machine.Canadian Recording Industry Association.Retrieved on May 9, 2010.
  52. ^Staff.D'Angelo Reportedly Moving To J Records.SoundSlam. Retrieved on May 9, 2010.
  53. ^Columnist. "Soul Survivor".Miami Herald:1M. May 27, 2001.
  54. ^Burch, Audra D.S. "Neo-Soul: Past Future Perfect".Richmond Times:H.2. June 3, 2001.
  55. ^Webster, Nicholas. "A Little Sugar: Follow-Up Albums Is a Good Listen If Not a Market Hit[dead link]".Winston-Salem Journal:2. February 7, 2000.
  56. ^Infantry, Ashante. "Doing Voodoo; D'Angelo's Sophomore Album Has a Lot to Live Up To, After the Massive Success of Brown Sugar".Toronto Star:1. January 25, 2000.
  57. ^"D'Angelo's Neo-Soul Masterpiece, 'Brown Sugar,' Remastered and Expanded for New Deluxe Edition"(Press release).PR Newswire.RetrievedOctober 8,2017.
  58. ^abJohnson, Martin (August 17, 1995)."D'Angelo:Brown Sugar(EMI) ".Chicago Tribune.p. 6.RetrievedJanuary 29,2009.
  59. ^Mulholland, Garry (July 7, 1995). "Pop CD of the week: Is D'Angelo the new Prince?".The Guardian.
  60. ^ab"D'Angelo:Brown Sugar".NME.July 22, 1995. p. 50.
  61. ^Moore, Marcus J. (August 26, 2017)."D'Angelo:Brown Sugar".Pitchfork.RetrievedSeptember 1,2017.
  62. ^abCoker, Cheo H.(September 7, 1995)."Brown Sugar".Rolling Stone.RetrievedNovember 27,2008.
  63. ^Powers, Ann(October 1995)."D'Angelo:Brown Sugar".Spin.Vol. 11, no. 7. p. 116.RetrievedJuly 9,2009.
  64. ^Hunter, James. "Review:Brown Sugar".Vibe:125. August 1995.
  65. ^abWatson, Jeff.Review:Brown Sugar.Yahoo! Music.Retrieved on July 9, 2009.
  66. ^"Blessed Releases: Records of the Year".The Wire.No. 143. London. January 1996. p. 32 – viaExact Editions.(subscription required)
  67. ^abcShapiro (2006), p. 105.
  68. ^abKot, Greg. "Dusting of Old King Soul".Chicago Tribune:1. July 21, 1996.
  69. ^Mitchell, Gail. "Soul Resurrection: What's So New About Neo-Soul?".Billboard:30, 36. June 1, 2002.
  70. ^Jones, Steve.Gangsta Rap Still Hanging Tough.USA Today.Retrieved on July 18, 2009.
  71. ^"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time".Rolling Stone.September 22, 2020.Archivedfrom the original on September 22, 2020.RetrievedDecember 27,2020.
  72. ^"Dutchcharts.nl – D'Angelo – Brown Sugar"(in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved February 12, 2023.
  73. ^"Charts.nz – D'Angelo – Brown Sugar".Hung Medien. Retrieved February 12, 2023.
  74. ^"Official Albums Chart Top 100".Official Charts Company.Retrieved February 12, 2023.
  75. ^"Official R&B Albums Chart Top 40".Official Charts Company.Retrieved February 12, 2023.
  76. ^"D'Angelo Chart History (Billboard200) ".Billboard.Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  77. ^"D'Angelo Chart History (Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums)".Billboard.Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  78. ^"Top Billboard 200 Albums – Year-End 1995".Billboard.RetrievedJanuary 12,2021.
  79. ^"Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums – Year-End 1995".Billboard.RetrievedJanuary 12,2021.
  80. ^"Top Billboard 200 Albums – Year-End 1996".Billboard.RetrievedJanuary 12,2021.
  81. ^"Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums – Year-End 1996".Billboard.RetrievedJanuary 12,2021.
  82. ^Chart History: D'Angelo - Hot 100.Billboard.Retrieved on May 9, 2010.
  83. ^Chart History: D'Angelo - R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.Billboard.Retrieved on May 9, 2010.
  84. ^"British album certifications – D'Angelo – Brown Sugar".British Phonographic Industry.RetrievedApril 15,2014.
  85. ^"American album certifications – D'Angelo – Brown Sugar".Recording Industry Association of America.RetrievedApril 15,2014.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brown_Sugar_(D%27Angelo_album)&oldid=1245088492"