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Buckie

Coordinates:57°40′35″N2°57′54″W/ 57.67639°N 2.96500°W/57.67639; -2.96500
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For the fortified wine, seeBuckfast Tonic Wine.For the mollusc, seeWhelk.

Buckie
East Church Street looking eastwards
Buckie is located in Moray
Buckie
Buckie
Location withinMoray
Population9,010 (2022)[1]
OS grid referenceNJ425655
Civil parish
Council area
Lieutenancy area
CountryScotland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townBUCKIE
Postcode districtAB56
Dialling code01542
PoliceScotland
FireScottish
AmbulanceScottish
UK Parliament
Scottish Parliament
List of places
UK
Scotland
57°40′35″N2°57′54″W/ 57.67639°N 2.96500°W/57.67639; -2.96500

Buckie(Scottish Gaelic:Bucaidh[2]) is aburghtown (defined as such in1888) on theMoray Firthcoast ofScotland.HistoricallyinBanffshire,Buckie was the largest town in the county until the administrative area was abolished in 1975. The town is the third largest in theMoraycouncil area afterElginandForresand within the definitions of statistics published by theGeneral Register Office for Scotlandwas ranked at number 75 in the list of population estimates for settlements in Scotland mid-year 2006.[3]Buckie is virtually equidistant toBanffto the east and Elgin to the west, with both approximately 17 miles (27 kilometres) distant whilstKeithlies 12 mi (19 km) to the south by road.

Etymology

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The origin of the name of the town is not entirely clear. Although thefolk etymologyis that Buckie is named after aseashell(genusbuccinum) the reality is that the shared marine background is a coincidence. The name Buckie would not have originally identified a place immediately adjacent to the sea, so alternativeetymologicalsources are more likely. Unfortunately, in one of the earlier books on Scottish place names, Buckie on the Moray Firth does not receive a mention. However, a Buckie in theBalquhidderdistrict ofPerthshireis described as being derived from theGaelicwordbocorWelshbowk,both meaning a buck or male deer. This suggests the meaning of Buckie asplace where male deer gather,most likely referring to the valley of what is known today as the Buckie Burn.

History

[edit]
Cluny Harbour, with town in background

A 1936 article by a Dr Cramond[4]discusses the earliest mention of Buckie dating from 1362, when the lands ofRove Bucky in le Awnewere leased by John Hay to John Young, vicar ofFordyce.The Hays, from whom the Rannes family were descended, had acquired through Royal favour a footing in the district at a still earlier age when the greater part from the Deveron to the Spey was embraced in the Forest of Awne or Ainie (now Enzie) and the Boyne. Rove Bucky is far from understandable and could be a scribe's error and should perhaps read Over Bucky as occurs in older title deeds, in distinction to Nether Buckie. It has been spelt in different ways,Robert Burnscalled it Bucky in his poemLady Onlie - Lady Lucky.This was the form at the end of the 18th century.

Robert Gordon's mapAberdeen, Banf, Murrey &c. to Inverness: [and] Fra the north water to Ross,[5]which is dated at some time between 1636 and 1652, shows Buckie in its own right as a community some small distance from the coast with the community of Freuchny sitting nearer the shore to the north. Robert Gordon and Joan Blaeu'sDuo Vicecomitatus Aberdonia & Banfia, una cum Regionibus & terrarum tractibus sub iis comprehensis[6]published inAmsterdam1654 clearly shows Buckie and Freuchny with the addition of Nether Buckie. James Robertson'sTopographical and military map of the counties of Aberdeen, Banff and Kincardine,[7]London,1822 seems geographically inaccurate in its relative positioning of Buckie, Nether Buckie and Freuchny, but is significant in that the new label of Rotten Slough is given equal importance in terms of size of community with Buckie; however, inThomson’s Atlas of Scotland,[8]Edinburgh,1832 Rotten Slough is fairly unimportant by size so one of these two reference publications is distorted, probably the former. This community, which would later come to be known asPortessie,was reportedly formed when "Porteasie.....became a fishing station in 1727, when 5 houses were built by the proprietor of Rannes for the accommodation of the original fishers fromFindhorn"and the 1731 Rathven Session Minutes shows that Rotten Slough already has a population of 40 with ten households and subsequent minutes show the community growing until the 1791 entry records 177 souls in 44 households.[9]

By the time of the publication of the 1891 First SeriesOrdnance SurveyMap ofElgin,[10]which reflects the 1866-1870 survey, Buckie has developed markedly with areas named Seatown, Newtown, Ianstown and Portessie. The 19th century OS Six Inch series[11]further shows Gordonsburgh, Craig Bow and Strathlene. The 1910 OS 3rd Edition one-inch map of Elgin[12]has settled on the name of Ianstown and all other parts of Buckie are named as they are known today but then, just to confuse the issue, the Bartholomew Survey Atlas of Scotland,[13]Edinburgh, 1912 uses the labelIanston.The conflicting nomenclature continued with the issue of the 1929 OS One-inch Popular edition[14]and the 1933 JG Bartholomew & Son, Half-inch to the Mile maps of Scotland.[15]

Layout today

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Geographically, the town is, broadly speaking, laid out in alinearfashion, following the coastline. There is a lower shore area and an upper area. Fundamentally Buckie itself is the central part of the community lying between the Victoria Bridge under which flows the Buckie Burn at the western end of West Church Street, the eastern end of Cluny Harbour and above the shore area. To the west of Victoria Bridge and the Buckie Burn isBuckpool,which was formerly known as Nether Buckie, and on the shoreline, west of Cluny Harbour, between Baron Street and the Buckie Burn mouth, there is the Yardie. Immediately above the Yardie on the Buckie side of the burn is the Seatown. To the west of the Yardie is Harbourhead. To the east of Cluny Harbour lieIanstown,Gordonsburgh andPortessiealso known locally asThe Sloch(historicallyThe Rotten Slough), which reaches towardsStrathlene.These communities were, to all intents and purposes, separate fishing settlements that gradually merged over the course of time. A new town was laid out above the shoreline in the 19th century and this is the rump of Buckie.

Population and demography

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The2011 UK Censusreported that, from Buckie's total population, 88.7% were born in Scotland with the largest single minority being those born inEngland(7.5%). In terms of declared ethnic allegiance the largest was "White Scottish", at 90.5%.

Source:https:// scotlandscensus.gov.uk/Scotland's Census, 2011 Census data

Politics

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National governments

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Buckie is in theMoray (Westminster) constituencyofthe UK Parliament,which returned the Scottish ConservativeDouglas Rossas itsMember of Parliament(MP) in 2019, after winning the seat in 2017.[16]

Buckie is in theBanffshire and Buchan Coast constituencyof theScottish Parliament.The seat was represented by SNP MSPStewart Stevensonfrom 2011 until 2021 and by SNP MSP Karen Adam since the Scottish Parliament election of 2021.[17]The constituency is also part of theNorth East Scotland electoral region.

Local government

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See also:2022 Moray Council election

Following the reorganisation of local government in Scotland, Buckie now has a multi-member ward with 3 councillors.

Additionally, there is the Buckie Community Council, which allows for 12 members to be elected or co-opted.

Transport

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Road

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Buckie is situated near theA98primary road, which connectsFraserburghwithFochabersat the junction of theA96.The A98 runs east–west, approximately parallel with the southern edge of Buckie. The A942 starts at "The Toll Bar" and runs due north from the A98 into Buckie becoming High Street and then North High Street before swinging east as Low Street, along the harbour as Commercial Road and onwards as Rathburn Street, Reidhaven Street and finally Great Eastern Road out of town towards Findochty and Portknockie. Where the A942 swings east, the A990 commences to the west and heads past The Yardie and onwards as Main Street and then Great Western Road towards Portgordon. The nearest railway station is at Keith serving theAberdeen-Inverness line.Bus services operate toAberdeen,MacduffandElgin.There was a connecting service toKeith railway station,which was synchronised with rail times but the service was withdrawn when Moray Council funding ceased in late September 2013. Local bus services are operated byStagecoach.

Golden Age of the Railway

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Historically, Buckie had extensive rail connections with the rest ofNorth East Scotland.TheGreat North of Scotland Railway[18]was laid out in the 1850s and served theAberdeentoInvernessroute until it was decommissioned in the late 1960s. This construction did not reach the coast untilNairnand various branch lines were built to link the peripheral areas to the mainline service.

Buckie railway station in 1961

In 1923, GNSR was absorbed into theLondon and North Eastern Railwaybefore that itself wasnationalisedalong with all otherUKrail services intoBritish Railin 1948.

TheMoray Coast Railway[19]was also constructed by GNSR and the part of it that served Buckie, opening in 1886, ran fromCairnienearKeithdown to the coast atPortsoyand then swung west through Cullen, Portknockie and Findochty reaching its first stop in Buckie atPortessie.This station was built directly on top of the cliff and commanded panoramic views over the Strathlene House Hotel, Strathlene outdoor swimming pool and beach and onward to the offshore rocks of Craigenroan and the Moray Firth. Indeed, a footpath led from the station down to the hotel and beach area and a visit to Strathlene was a popular day out by train before and duringWorld War II.In 1936 Buckie Town Council proposed to change the name of the station to Strathlene but LNER declined suggesting instead that the Town Council erect their own large sign on Strathlene Golf Course that could be seen from the train.[4]A retired passenger carriage was available for rent at the station. 1 mile (1.6 km) to the west wasBuckie Station,which was located below the cliff and virtually across the street from Buckie Fish Market. To reach Buckie Station the railway gently descended to the west from the heights of Portessie on an embankment to the foot of the cliff whilst the parallel road lying adjacent to the track on its southern flank rose to the west up theMcLaren's Braeend of East Church Street to the town centre. 1 mile (1.6 km) further west stoodBuckpool Stationand from there the line continued due west to Portgordon and onward toSpey Baybefore crossing theRiver Speyand swinging inland to rejoin the mainline service at Elgin. Buckie was served by these three railway stations until 1968 when the line was finally closed.

It is possible to walk, or cycle along the route of the old railway from Cullen toGarmouth.This walk takes in the magnificent Cullen viaduct from which fine views of that town can be had and, at the other end, the Spey Bridge.

Remains of Buckpool station in 1961

Portessie was also terminus to theBuckie and Portessie Branch[20]of theHighland Railway.[21]This line was opened in 1884 and provided a direct rail link "up the hill" to Keith. The line ran westwards from Portessie but remained on top of the cliff, passing the Pot O' Linn, skirting the rear of Cliff Terrace and crossing Harbour Street then swinging south contributing to the curve of Mill Crescent to stop atBuckie Highland Stationbefore continuing up present day Millbank Terrace towards Rathven. Until recent years this latter section was used as a footpath and commonly known as "The Highland Line" – it was quite possible to cycle from Millbank Terrace to the site of Rathven Station as late as the 1970s and even early 1980s – but housing development and farming interests have contributed to the virtual closure of this popular route to Peter Fair Park. The line passed under a road bridge of what is now the A98, which has long since been demolished, and then turned westwards again towards Drybridge and made another sweep to the south as it passed Enzie and then headed uphill, over the Enzie Braes, to Aultmore and on to Keith. This link was relatively short-lived and was closed in 1915 except for a freight service between Buckie and Portessie, which was closed in 1944.

As a port

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Cluny Harbour has long been the industrial centre of Buckie. This port was built by the Cluny family in 1877 to replace the town's first stone harbour in Nether Buckie, which was constructed in 1857 1 mile (2 km) or so to the west but had a tendency to silt up and become unusable.[22]The Laird of Letterfourie had contributed £5,000 of the construction costs at Nether Buckie but the main investor with the balance of £10,000 was the Board of Fisheries. The engineers were D.& T. Stevenson of Edinburgh, the family firm of the authorRobert Louis Stevenson.It was and remains a very sturdily built edifice with the main walls of considerable thickness being built ofquartzite,quarried locally at Strathlene, capped with a very hard type of sandstone, which was also used to form the walls at the entrance and of the harbour proper. As regards stability the harbour has remained a monument to engineering science with very little maintenance ever being necessary. It had a design fault, however, in that the entrance opened to the north east and was subject to infill with shingle, moving westwards bylongshore drift.Later known as Buckpool Harbour, this earlier port became something of an eyesore and eventually the silted basin became overgrown and dangerously swampy. The decision was taken to fill in the basin and this work was undertaken in the 1970s. The resulting park includes a pebble beach and the original quartzite harbour walls remain completely intact.

Industry

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Once a thrivingfishingandshipbuildingport, these industries have declined. Though Peterhead and Aberdeen are now more often associated with thefishing industryin northeast Scotland, in 1913 Buckie had the largest steam drifter fleet in Scotland.[23]Food processing remains important, with large fish factories and smoke houses found around the harbour. Buckie can properly be regarded as one of the main points of origin of the modern Scottishshellfishindustry.[24]AMancunian,Charles Eckersley, who moved to Buckie in the 1950s and started trading as a fish merchant, noticed that many of the varieties of shellfish that were regarded as economically useless by Buckie fishing vessels (prawns,scallopsetc.) were in fact the same species that he had enjoyed whilst completing hisNational ServiceinPalestine.He seized the opportunity to exploit this gap in the market and he built a thriving processing and packing business, which eventually expanded to include factories as far afield asBarcelonaandAlicanteinSpain.

TheBuckie Shipyardnow repairs and refitsRNLIlifeboats for much of theUnited Kingdom[25]and operates service contracts for various other clients including theMoDas well as building new vessels but boatbuilding was a major industry in the town for decades. Until recent years there were three quite separate boatyards building traditional woodenclinkerfishing vessels. Leaving Cluny Square and heading down North High Street, also locally known as theBowling Green Brae,the view of the sea would have been interrupted by a huge grey corrugated iron shed. This was Thomsons and vessels were launched directly into the Moray Firth from a slipway. Heading east to Cluny Harbour it would have been impossible to miss Herd and Mackenzie on the fourth orlifeboatbasin of the harbour. Directly behind their large sheds and across Blantyre Terrace was Jones with their private harbour into which they launched their vessels. Thomsons is gone but the premises of Herd and McKenzie and Jones are part of the modern day Buckie Shipyard. It was Herd and McKenzie, a firm with its roots inDunbartonshirefrom where Messrs Herd and Mackenzie sortied north, which built and launched the trainingschoonerCaptain Scottin 1972. At the time of its launch, this vessel was the largest of its type in the world. In earlier years, there were further boat construction operations dotted along the shoreline from The Yardie to Ianstown and on to Portessie but these had mostly been amalgamated into the three main firms or had gone out of business by theinterwar period.

A significant part of the population works in the offshoreoilindustry although Buckie somewhat missed the boat with theNorth Seaboom. In the late 1970s, there were extensive plans drawn up to extend Cluny Harbour out to the Mucksreefwith the intention of serving oilfield supply vessels. Nothing came of this but every now and then the idea rears its head once more to be met with great enthusiasm before failing to get off the ground again.

Buckie was home to a specialist electric lamp factory ofThorn EMIuntil 1987[26]when it was closed and production moved to a new plant inLeicestershire.All of the predominantly female staff were offered jobs at the new facility in theEast Midlandsbut, as the vast majority of the labour force were second wage earners in families, this offer was almost universally rejected.

Buckie is home to the Inchgower Distillery,[27]which sits 1 mile (2 km) or so inland from the town and is best known for theInchgower Single Malt.[28]

Religion

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St Peter's, Buckie, as seen from offshore between Cluny and Buckpool harbours

As a traditional fishing community, Buckie has always had an active religious life, and thus has numerous churches representing almost every branch of Northern EuropeanChristianity.The largest church isSt. Peter's,which stands on St. Andrews Square in Buckpool. This twin-spired red sandstone construction was originally planned to act as the cathedral for theRoman CatholicDioceseof Aberdeen when it was opened in 1857.[29]This never came to pass and Buckie was left with what is arguably one of the grandest churches in NE Scotland outside of Aberdeen. The basis of this reasoning was that the Roman Catholic population per capita in the area around Buckie was one of the highest in post-ReformationScotland.St. Gregory's,built at Preshome near Buckie in 1788, was the first post-Reformation church to be built in Scotland that looked like a church – prior to that date post-Reformation Roman Catholics worshiped inclandestine churchesdesigned to look anonymous. These sometimes resembled farm buildings or ordinary houses, a superbly preserved example of this isSt. Ninian's(1775) at Tynet about 4 mi (6 km) to the west of Buckie, which looks like a long, low barn.[30][31]

St Peter's Roman Catholic Church

The largestChurch of Scotlandcongregation in the town worships in the North Church in Cluny Square. This building houses the town clock and was opened in 1879.[32]There are other Church of Scotland congregations in addition toMethodist,Salvation Army,Episcopal,Baptist,Gospel Hall Brethrenand other congregational churches.

Schools

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Buckie High Schoolis located on West Cathcart Street. Directly opposite from the original and still functioning old building of the school is Cluny Primary School (Buckie Primary School until 1974.) Examination results are in line with those of young people with similar needs and backgrounds in other schools across Scotland.[33]

There are three further primary schools in the town - Millbank Primary School on McWilliam Crescent in the newer mid-southern part of Buckie, St. Peter's RC Primary School in Buckpool and Portessie Primary School. Additional primary schools inPortgordon,Findochty,PortknockieandCullencontribute to the roll of Buckie High School. The small communities ofArradoul,Drybridge,Rathvenand Lintmill, none of which support their own schools any longer, also contribute to the BHS roll along with the families of the many farms scattered locally. The adjoining school areas areBanff,Keith andFochabers.

Leisure

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Like other towns in the area, Buckie is well served by golf courses, with clubs at the eastern and western peripheries. To the eastern extremity with a spectacular clifftop location liesStrathlene Golf Course,which stretches almost all the way to the village of Findochty; while to the west, also on a clifftop, liesBuckpool Golf Club,[34]which reaches towards the village of Portgordon.

Adjacent to Buckie High School isVictoria Park,home ofBuckie Thistle Football Club.AlthoughThe Jagshad been consistently high finishers in theHighland Football League,the league title had eluded the club since 1958. The long wait ended on 1 May 2010 when an away win atWick Academy F.C.sealed a first championship in 52 years. The championship was retained in May 2011 by a 2–1 victory over nearest rivalsDeveronvalein the last match of the season, with Buckie scoring the winner in the final minute. The 1950s was a decade when all trophies available were regularly won. During this era Buckie Thistle travelled toHampden Parkto meet Queen's Park in a Scottish Cup 4th round replay on 30 October 1954, winning 2–1,[35]becoming the first and, to this day, only senior non-league club to have won a competitive match at the national stadium. The board has developed the stadium in recent years, adding a function hall within the ground so that sponsors and match-goers can enjoy licensed and catering facilities pre- and post-match.[36]

In Buckpool, next door to Buckpool Golf Club, is the Merson Park home ofBuckie Rovers Football Club.The Roversare members of theScottish Junior Football Associationand play in that body'sNorth First Division (East).At one time they played at Victoria Park, alternating home fixtures with their senior cousins but when Buckie Thistle were suffering an episode of extreme financial distress the decision was taken to move to a new facility at the municipal Merson Park. The Merson Park ground has only a perimeter fence and dugouts differentiating it from a municipal pitch and there are no covered or seated facilities at all.[37]

Near the southern edge of town on High Street lies Linzee Gordon Park. This is home to Buckie Cricket ClubBuckie Cricket Club Online 2008,which has a very long history with numerousMacallanNorth of Scotland Cricket Association LeagueNoSCA - North of Scotland Cricket Associationtitles (having last topped the league in 2018) on top of various league and cup wins in the 1990s including two wins in the prestigiousScottish Cricket UnionSmall Clubs Cup, specifically in 1995 and 1997.[38]BCC built a modern pavilion to replace their aging home, which opened in June 1998. The construction was partly funded bysportscotlandand theNational Lottery.Linzee Gordon Park also has a municipal pavilion along with adjoining pitch for football use. Additionally, for some of the year, the football pitch at Linzee Gordon Park had been converted to become a rugby pitch where Buckie RFC trained and played home games although the club ceased operations as of 28 May 2011 due to lack of interest.

Bowling is a popular pastime in Buckie and the town boasts two greens. Buckie Bowling Club is on North High Street and Low Street with views over the Moray Firth from the clubhouse. Victoria Bowling Club sits on West Church Street adjacent to Victoria Bridge and the Buckie Burn flowing below.

Buckie has a 25m swimming pool, which was built next to Buckie High School and opened in 1975.[39]

Buckie is at the end of theSpeyside Waylong-distance footpath. There is magnificent coastal scenery all along the Banff coast, with easy access to areas such asGlenlivet,Speysideand theCairngorms.

Notable people

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[edit]

Stephen Kingmentioned the Buckie Thistle Football club in his novel If It Bleeds.[45]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^"Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba - Gaelic Place-Names of Scotland - Database".gaelicplacenames.org.Archived fromthe originalon 20 September 2022.Retrieved25 August2015.
  3. ^"General Register Office for Scotland - Mid-2006 Population Estimates for Settlements in Scotland - List of Tables".General Register Office for Scotland. Archived fromthe originalon 31 January 2009.Retrieved12 February2009.
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  12. ^"Ordnance Survey, One-inch to the mile maps of Scotland, 3rd Edition - 1903-1912 - National Library of Scotland".National Library of Scotland. Archived fromthe originalon 5 December 2008.Retrieved21 November2008.
  13. ^"Nairn, Elgin - Bartholomew Survey Atlas of Scotland, 1912".National Library of Scotland. Archived fromthe originalon 9 March 2009.Retrieved21 November2008.
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  15. ^"Maps: Viewing 74467012.sid".National Library of Scotland. Archived fromthe originalon 3 October 2011.Retrieved21 November2008.
  16. ^http:// parliament.uk/about_commons/about_commons.cfmArchived15 April 2006 at theWayback Machineparliament.uk
  17. ^http:// scottish.parliament.uk/home.htmArchived30 April 2011 at theWayback Machinescottish.parliament.uk
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  27. ^"Inchgower Distillery - The Distilleries of Scotland - scotchwhisky.net".scotchwhisky.net.Retrieved7 November2008.
  28. ^"Inchgower Single Malt Scotch Whisky - scotchwhisky.net".scotchwhisky.net.Retrieved7 November2008.
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  30. ^"Roman Catholic Diocese of Aberdeen Parish Profile".RC Diocese of Aberdeen. Archived fromthe originalon 12 July 2007.Retrieved5 November2008.
  31. ^Kaplan, Benjamin J.,Religious Conflict and the Practice of Toleration in Early Modern Europe,Harvard University Press, 2007, Chapter 8, pp. 198. ff.
  32. ^"Presbytery of Moray".Presbytery of Moray. Archived fromthe originalon 21 August 2007.Retrieved5 November2008.
  33. ^"Buckie High School".Archived fromthe originalon 4 June 2011.Retrieved24 February2009.Report from Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Education (HMIe),13 January 2009
  34. ^"Buckpool Golf Club".buckpoolgolf.
  35. ^"Scotland - Cup Results 1873/74-1877/78 and 1889/90-1995/96".Dinant Abbink/RSSSF.Archivedfrom the original on 23 October 2008.Retrieved10 November2008.
  36. ^"Buckie Thistle Scottish Football Club".Buckie Thistle FC. Archived fromthe originalon 16 June 2011.Retrieved24 November2008.
  37. ^"Soccerworld North First Division".nonleaguescotland.co.uk - Jamie Wire. Archived fromthe originalon 24 September 2008.Retrieved24 November2008.
  38. ^"Small Clubs Cup 1997".Cricket Scotland.Retrieved10 November2008.[dead link]
  39. ^"Buckie Swimming Pool & Fitness Centre".moray.gov.uk.25 June 2004.
  40. ^Chris McConville (1979),"Bennett, George Henry (1850 - 1908)",Australian Dictionary of Biography,Volume 7, Melbourne University Press,retrieved22 September2020
  41. ^"Alex Jappy's Pleasure, Scottish Country Dance Instructions".
  42. ^"Angus MacKinnon's Hornpipe, Scottish Dance Instruction".
  43. ^Blanchard, Tamsin (25 March 2001)."i-D magazine's 21st birthday"– via theguardian.
  44. ^Changing English.David Graddol, Open University. Abingdon: Routledge. 2007.ISBN978-1-000-15531-0.OCLC1165392554.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: others (link)
  45. ^"Stephen King link helps Highland football team through lockdown".The Guardian.17 July 2020.
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