Bugojno group

Bugojno group
Bugojanska skupina
Dates of operation	June 20 – July 24, 1972(1972-06-20–1972-07-24)
Motives	Reestablish theIndependent State of Croatia
Ideology	Croatian socialism Neo-fascism
Political position	Far-right
Status	Defunct
Size	19
Part of	Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood
Opponents	SFR Yugoslavia SR Croatia SR Bosnia and Herzegovina

TheBugojno group(Croatian:Bugojanska skupina) was the name given to aCroatianseparatist insurgent cell which was infiltrated intoSFR Yugoslaviaon 20 June 1972 to spark a rebellion against thesocialist Yugoslavgovernment. Their plans failed. Of the 19 men involved, all but one of them were killed or executed afterwards. The sole exception was 21-year-old Ludvig Pavlovic, whose death was commuted due to his young age. He was released from prison in 1990, only to be killed in theCroatian War of Independencethe following year.

Background

See also:Ustaše in Australia

The Bugojno group was organized by theCroatian Revolutionary Brotherhood(Hrvatsko revolucionarno bratstvoor HRB). The HRB was formed inAustraliain 1961 and was active inEuropeand theUnited States.The founding principle of the HRB was the separation of Croatia from Yugoslavia, and the reestablishment of theIndependent State of Croatiathrough the use of military force.

Operation Phoenix

After the suppression of theCroatian Springmovement in 1971, the HRB believed that there existed a political climate in Croatia which would support the beginning of an armed rebellion. After short preparations, the HRB organized their personnel, weapons and funding to support an initial group to start a rebellion. Most of the fighters and money came fromAustraliawhile the armed training was done inWest Germany.After a short preparation inAustria,the 19-member group traveled throughDravogradinto Yugoslavia by truck (the driver of which later reported them to police), on 20 June 1972. TheYugoslav territorial defenseunits soon began a massive search to find them.The insurgents were armed withM-16andHK G-3rifles.

The group was named after the Bosnian town ofBugojno,as their goal was to reach theRadušamountain south of the town. The operation was called "Phoenix" by the Croatian militants, while thecounterinsurgencyoperation carried out by the Yugoslav forces bore the codename "Raduša 72".

Of the 19 men, six were Australian citizens and a further three had lived in Australia. These were brothers, Adolf and Ambroz Andrić together with Filip Bešlić, Ilija Glavaš, Ilija Lovrić, Pavo Vegar, Đuro Horvat, Vejsil Keškić and Mirko Vlasnović. The other members of the group were Viktor Kancijanić, Petar Bakula, Ludvig Pavlović, Stipe Ljubas, Vlado Miletić, Vinko Knez, Ivan Prlić, Nikola Antunac, Vidak Buntić and Vili Eršeg.

Two other Croatian-Australian members of the HRB had been recruited for the Bugojno incursion but police action prevented their participation.Blaž Kraljević,who later became the commander of theHOSforces in theCroatian War of Independence,was arrested inMelbournefor liquor offences, while Zdenko Marinčic had been stopped atFrankfurt Airportwith a firearm and four silencers hidden inside a toykoala.Marinčic, whose father was an Ustaša soldier that survived theBleiburg repatriations,was sent back to Australia where he was jailed for six months.

Main actions

The Yugoslav Army had nospecial forcesat its disposal, and relied exclusively on some 30,000 poorly trainedconscript soldiersand reservists units for the search.The first clash with the security forces took place on June 25 at the edge of a wood nearUskoplje(Gornji Vakuf). The group successfully drove back a team of 30 Yugoslav troops and policemen, killing the officer in charge, captain Miloš Popović, and a soldier. Two other soldiers were wounded. The group, however, fled in disarray as their own commander, Adolf Andrić, was also killed in the action. Three other members were caught over the next 24 hours. Although forced to hide, the insurgents managed to regroup nearRamsko Lake.Cornered once more by 1,000 territorial defense soldiers, the rebels were dispersed and compelled to seek shelter among the civilian population. During the withdrawal, one unit of the territorial defense was ambushed by the militants in a forest clearing near their hideout, a cave in the surroundings of Rumboci, a village on the northern shores of Ramsko Lake, in the region of Bukovac. Nine Yugoslav soldiers were killed, one of them after being captured. The paramilitaries headed forSinjandImotski,in Croatia, where they became decimated in a series of ambushes and counter-ambushes with Yugoslav forces.With the help of an informer the Bugojno group was eventually apprehended by 24 July 1972.

Aftermath

The Yugoslav losses were 13 killed in action and 14 wounded. Of the 19 members of the group, 15 were killed, 10 in action, whilst 5 were summarily executed after having surrendered. The last four members of the group were captured, tried and sentenced on December 21, 1972. Ludvig Pavlović, who was in his early 20s, had his death sentence commuted to 20 years in prison due to his age, and the remaining three, Djuro Horvat, Bejil Keškić and Mirko Vlasnović, were executed by firing squad on 17 March 1973, at the Police headquarters inSarajevo.Pavlović was released from prison in 1990 and was killed in controversial circumstances during theCroatian War of Independenceon 18 September 1991.

Police raids conducted on HRB members in Australia not long after the incident showed strong evidence that former Ustaša officer,Srećko Rover,played a major role in organising the Bugojno incursion.

A quasi-fictional account linking a surviving member of the Bugojno group with theSydney's 1972 bombingwas written in 2017 by Australian journalistTony Jones.