Bunka
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Bunka(Văn hóa,culture)was aJapanese era name(Niên hiệu,nengō,"year name" )afterKyōwaand beforeBunsei.The period spanned the years from January 1804 to April 1818.[1]The reigning emperors wereKōkaku-tennō(Quang cách thiên hoàng)andNinkō-Tennō(Nhân hiếu thiên hoàng).
Change of era
[edit]- February 11, 1804(Bunka gannen(Văn hóa nguyên niên)): The new era name ofBunka( meaning "Culture" or "Civilization" ) was created to mark the start of a new 60-year cycle of theHeavenly StemandEarthly Branchsystem of theChinese calendarwhich was on New Year's Day, thenew moon dayof 2 November 1804. The previous era ended and a new one commenced inKyōwa4.
Events of theBunkaera
[edit]- 1804(Bunka 1):Daigaku-no-kamiHayashi Jussai(1768–1841) explained the shogunate foreign policy to Emperor Kōkaku in Kyoto.[2]
- June 1805(Bunka 2): Genpaku Sugita (1733–1817) is granted an audience with Shōgun Ienari to explain differences between traditional medical knowledge and Western medical knowledge.[3]
- September 25, 1810(Bunka 7, 27th day of the 8thmonth): Earthquake in northern Honshū (Latitude: 39.900/Longitude: 139.900), 6.6 magnitude on theSurface wave magnitudescale.[4]...Click link for NOAA/Japan: Significant Earthquake Database
- December 7, 1812(Bunka 9, 4th day of the 11th month): Earthquake in Honshū (Latitude: 35.400/Longitude: 139.600), 6.6 magnitude.[4]
- 1817(Bunka 14): Emperor Kōkaku travelled in procession to Sento Imperial Palace, a palace of an abdicated emperor. The Sento Palace at that time was called Sakura Machi Palace. It had been built by the Tokugawa Shogunate for former-Emperor Go-Mizunoo.[5]
Notes
[edit]- ^Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Bunka"Japan Encyclopedia,p. 91,p. 91, atGoogle Books;n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum,seeDeutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.
- ^Cullen, L.M. (2003).A History of Japan, 1582-1941: Internal and External Worlds,pp. 117, 163.
- ^Sugita Genpaku. (1969).Dawn of Western Science in Japan: Rangaku Kotohajime,p. xvi.
- ^abOnline "Significant Earthquake Database" -- U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)
- ^National Digital Archives of Japan,...see caption describing image of scrollArchived2008-01-19 at theWayback Machine
References
[edit]- Cullen, Louis M.(2003).A History of Japan, 1582–1941: Internal and External Worlds.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.ISBN9780521821551;ISBN9780521529181;OCLC 50694793
- Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005).Japan Encyclopedia.Cambridge:Harvard University Press.ISBN978-0-674-01753-5;OCLC 48943301
- Sugita Genpaku. (1930).Dawn of Western Science in Japan(Lan học sự thủy,Rangaku kotohajime).Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.OCLC 9424185
External links
[edit]- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"-- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
- National Archives of Japan:Sakuramachiden Gyokozu,scroll depicting Emperor Kōkaku in formal procession, 1817 (Bunka 14).