National Liberation Committee for Northern Italy
TheCommittee of National Liberation for Northern Italy(Italian:Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale Alta Italia,CLNAI) was set up in February 1944 bypartisansbehindGermanlines in theItalian Social Republic,a Germanpuppet stateinNorthern Italy.It enjoyed the loyalty of mostanti-fascistgroups in the region.[1]
History
[edit]In Milan, a September 1944 meeting decided a northern National Liberation Committee, within the Italian Social Republic that was established in 1943, was important.National Liberation Committee (CLN)leaders of Rome led by Bonomi recognized in January 1944 the need for coordination of the partisan struggle in the north and then the delegates were the Committee of Milan all political and military powers for Upper Italy, despite some disagreement with the Committee of Turin. Directed by independentAlfredo Pizzoni( "Longhi" ), the committee became CLNAI Milan (National Liberation Committee for Northern Italy) and the rest of the Resistance led effectively to the partisan struggle in the heart of the Republic of the military and against the Germans.[2]
Members
[edit]The initial members of Milan's CLN, which would later become CLNAI were:
- Alfredo Pizzoni,as president
- Girolamo Li CausiandGiuseppe Dozza,representing theItalian Communist Party
- Ferruccio ParriandVittorio Albasini Scrosati,representing theAction Party
- Roberto VerrattiandDomenico Viotto,representing theItalian Socialist Party
- Enrico Casò andEnrico Falck,representing theChristian Democracy
- Giustino Arpesaniand Luigi Casagrande, representing theItalian Liberal Party
The composition changed over time. At the time of the general insurrection of 25 April 1945, the members were:
- Roberto Morandi,a Socialist, as president
- Luigi LongoandEmilio Serenifor the Communist Party
- Parri andLeo Valianifor the Action Party
- Sandro Pertinifor the Socialist Party
- Augusto De GasperiandAchille Marazzafor the Christian Democracy
- Arpesani andFilippo Jacinifor the Liberal Party
Functions
[edit]The role of CLNAI grew in importance during the war, after the delegation of powers to the north of Rome CLN obtained by 31 January 1944, last on 26 December 1944 as the government of national unity Bonomi gave the powers of direction in northern Italy to CLNAI, thus effectively assumed the role of "third-party government" or "shadow government" in the occupied territories.[3]
Organized as a "government of the great North", the CLNAI managed to maintain cohesion among the different political positions, and maintained the relationship, sometimes difficult, with the Allies. It dealt with the problem of financing guerrilla warfare (especially tasks undertaken by Pizzoni and Falck) through a network connection with Switzerland. It also concluded cooperation agreements with theFrench ResistanceandYugoslav Resistance.[4]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Alberto Cotti,E-Book: Il Partigiano D’Artagnan,1994
- Basil Davidson(1980).Special operations Europe: scenes from the anti-Nazi war.London: V. Gollancz.ISBN0-575-02820-3.OCLC6522086.
- Lamb, Richard (1996).War in Italy, 1943-1945: a brutal story.New York: Da Capo Press.ISBN0-306-80688-6.OCLC33161689.
External links
[edit]- (in Italian)ANPI – Associazione Nazionale Partigiani d'Italia
- La mappa delle Repubbliche partigianeprovides a source for the List of partisan governments
- ANPI Section of Rimini
- ANPI Section of Pesaro-Urbino
- (in Italian)ANCFARGL – Associazione Nazionale Combattenti Forze Armate Regolari Guerra di LiberazioneArchived2020-01-26 at theWayback Machine
- (in Italian)INSMLI – Istituto Nazionale per la Storia del Movimento di Liberazione in Italia
- (in Italian)Il portale della guerra di Liberazione
- Articles on Anarchist resistance to Italian Fascism
- 1943–1945: Anarchist partisans in the Italian Resistance
- European Resistance Archive
- The Life of Basil Davidson by James Currey