YJ-12
| YJ-12 | |
|---|---|
 YJ-12A anti-ship missile launcher | |
| Type | Anti-shipcruise missile |
| Place of origin | China |
| Service history | |
| In service | c.2011–present |
| Used by | |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation(CASIC) |
| Specifications | |
| Warhead | 205–500 kg (452–1,102 lb)[1][2] |
| Engine | integratedramjet/booster propulsion system[3] |
Operational range | 250–270 nmi (290–310 mi; 460–500 km) |
| Maximum speed | Mach2.5 to 4 |
Guidance system | BeiDousatellite navigation withmid-course updates,terminalactive radar homing |
Launch platform |
|
TheYJ-12(Chinese:Ưng đánh -12;pinyin:yīngjī-12;lit.'Eagle Strike 12') is aChinesesupersonicanti-shipcruise missile[4][5]manufactured byChina Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation(CASIC).[6]
Description
[edit]
The YJ-12 resembles a lengthenedKh-31.[3]According to the United States, the air-launched (YJ-12) and ship-launched (YJ-12A) variants have 270 nmi (310 mi; 500 km) ranges.[4][5]Speeds of Mach 2.5[3]to 4[1]have been reported. The YJ-12 may perform evasive maneuvers to avoid anti-missile threats.[7]
According toWar on the Rocks,a ship has 45 seconds to engage a YJ-12 aftersea-skimmingmissile appears over the horizon and is detected. In 2014, theUnited States Navy(USN) intended to counter air-launched YJ-12 saturation attacks by destroying Chinese strike aircraft at long range before the missiles are launched; the tactic relies onCooperative Engagement Capability.[8]
Development
[edit]In August 2000, the Chinese unveiled a model of an air-launched missile labeled as the YJ-91, resembling the FrenchAir-Sol Moyenne Portée.Later, a similar-looking missile was seen that may have been designated as the YJ-12. The YJ-91 designation ultimately went to the Chinese development of the RussianKh-31.[9]
Externally, the YJ-12 resembled a lengthened Kh-31.[3]
The YJ-12 appeared at the2015 China Victory Day Parade,[10]indicating that the missile had entered active service since all weapons showcased during the parade are actively inducted prior to the parade.[11]
The YJ-12A was reportedly in development in 2014.[9]The YJ-12A entered service around 2020 aboard refittedType 051BandSovremenny-classdestroyers of thePeople Liberation Army Navy.[12]
The YJ-12B was reportedly deployed to theSpratly Islandsaround April 2018.[13]They may cover the southern half of the South China Sea when based on three largest Chinese-controlled islands.[14]
Variants
[edit]- YJ-12
- Air-launched variant with a 270 nmi (310 mi; 500 km) range.[5]
- YJ-12A
- Ship-launched variant with a 270 nmi (310 mi; 500 km) range.[4]
- YJ-12B
- Land-based variant with a 250 nmi (290 mi; 460 km) range.[14]
- CM-302
- Export variant. According to theChina Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation,it is an anti-ship andland-attack missilewith a 280 km (170 mi; 150 nmi) range, a 250 kg (550 lb) warhead, and launched from air, land, and naval platforms The missile uses BeiDou satellite navigation, withactive radarterminal guidance;the target may be updated bydata-link.[15]
Operators
[edit]Current operators
[edit]
- Algerian National Navy,CM-302 (land-based)[16]
- Pakistan Navy,CM-302 (ship-launched)[17]
See also
[edit]Related development
Comparable missiles
- 3M-54 Klub– (Russia)
- BrahMos– (Russia, India)
- P-800 Oniks– (Russia)
- Future Cruise/Anti-Ship Weapon– (France, Italy, United Kingdom)
- ASM-3– (Japan)
- Yun Feng– (Taiwan)
References
[edit]- ^abRenjie, Guo, ed. (4 February 2015)."China's anti-ship missiles YJ-12 and YJ-100 revealed".China Military Online.Archived fromthe originalon 11 February 2015.Retrieved13 June2015.
- ^"Pradun: From Bottle Rockets to Lightning Bolts, p.14".Archived fromthe originalon 2016-03-04.Retrieved2015-05-21.
- ^abcdGormley, Dennis M.; Erickson, Andrew S.; Yuan, Jingdong (30 September 2014)."A Potent Vector: Assessing Chinese Cruise Missile Developments".Joint Forces Quarterly(75).National Defense University:102.Retrieved8 May2015.
- ^abcdMilitary and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2023,p. 57.
- ^abcMilitary and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2023,p. 58.
- ^"Chấn động: Trung Quốc 3 đại quân công đầu sỏ ở hàng triển thượng thế nhưng triển lãm nhiều như vậy tân đạn đạo".Sina News.9 November 2016.
- ^Minnick, Wendell (August 8, 2017)."China Puts Guam Within Missile Range".Defense News.
- ^Haddick, Robert (2 July 2014)."China's Most Dangerous Missile (So Far)".War on the Rocks.Retrieved19 May2015.
- ^ab"YJ-91/YJ-12 (China), Offensive weapons".janes.Archived fromthe originalon 2 February 2010.Retrieved15 May2015.
- ^Fisher, Richard D. Jr. (4 September 2015)."China showcases new weapon systems at 3 September parade".IHS Jane's 360.Retrieved11 December2015.
- ^"Trần sĩ cường: Kháng chiến thắng lợi 70 đầy năm kỷ niệm hoạt động đầy đủ triển lãm ta quân sức chiến đấu -- quân sự -- nhân dân võng".military.people.cn.Retrieved2015-12-13.
- ^Sutton, H.I. (1 May 2020)."China Increases Potency Of Anti-Carrier Capabilities".Forbes.Retrieved30 June2024.
- ^Macias, Amanda (May 2, 2018)."China quietly installed defensive missile systems on strategic Spratly Islands in hotly contested South China Sea".CNBC.
- ^abStashwick, Steven (14 June 2018)."China deploys anti-ship missiles on islands in the South China Sea".The Diplomat.Retrieved10 March2023.
- ^Tate, Andrew; Gibson, Neil (9 November 2016)."China offers export version of YJ-12 supersonic anti-ship missile".Jane's Information Group.Archived fromthe originalon 12 November 2016.Retrieved21 November2016.
- ^The Military Balance 2024,p. 344.
- ^The Military Balance 2024,p. 302.
- ^The Military Balance 2024,p. 260.
- Bibliography
- The International Institute for Strategic Studies (13 February 2024).The Military Balance 2024.London: Routledge.ISBN978-1-032-78004-7.
- Pradun, Vitaliy O. (Spring 2011)."From Bottle Rockets to Lightning Bolts: China's Missile Revolution and PLA Strategy against U.S. Military Intervention".Naval War College Review.64(2).United States Naval War College.Archived fromthe originalon 4 March 2016.Retrieved19 May2015.
- United States Office of the Secretary of Defense(19 October 2023).Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China(PDF)(Report).