CSPG4
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4,also known asmelanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan(MCSP) orneuron-glial antigen 2(NG2), is achondroitin sulfate proteoglycanthat in humans is encoded by theCSPG4gene.[5][6][7]
Function
[edit]CSPG4 plays a role in stabilizing cell-substratum interactions during early events of melanoma cell spreading onendothelialbasement membranes.It represents an integral membrane chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expressed by humanmalignant melanomacells.[7]
Implications in disease
[edit]CSPG4/NG2 is also a hallmark protein ofoligodendrocyte progenitor cells(OPCs)[8]and OPC dysfunction has been implicated as a candidate pathophysiological mechanism of familial schizophrenia.[9]A research group investigating the role of genetics inschizophrenia,reported, two raremissense mutationsinCSPG4gene,segregating within families (CSPG4A131TandCSPG4V901Gmutations). The researchers also demonstrate that theinduced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)-derived OPCs fromCSPG4A131Tmutation carriers exhibited abnormal post-translational processing, subcellular localization of the mutant NG2 protein, aberrant cellular morphology, and a decreased cell viability andmyelinationpotential.In vivodiffusion tensor imagingof the brain ofCSPG4A131Tmutation carriers demonstrated a reducedwhite matterintegrity compared to the unaffected sibling and matched general population controls.[10]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000173546–Ensembl,May 2017
- ^abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032911–Ensembl,May 2017
- ^"Human PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^"Mouse PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^Pluschke G, Vanek M, Evans A, Dittmar T, Schmid P, Itin P, Filardo EJ, Reisfeld RA (September 1996)."Molecular cloning of a human melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.93(18): 9710–5.Bibcode:1996PNAS...93.9710P.doi:10.1073/pnas.93.18.9710.PMC38494.PMID8790396.
- ^Luo W, Wang X, Kageshita T, Wakasugi S, Karpf AR, Ferrone S (May 2006). "Regulation of high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen (HMW-MAA) gene expression by promoter DNA methylation in human melanoma cells".Oncogene.25(20): 2873–84.doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209319.PMID16407841.S2CID39073910.
- ^ab"Entrez Gene: CSPG4 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4".
- ^Nishiyama A, Dahlin KJ, Prince JT, Johnstone SR, Stallcup WB (July 1991)."The primary structure of NG2, a novel membrane-spanning proteoglycan".The Journal of Cell Biology.114(2): 359–71.doi:10.1083/jcb.114.2.359.PMC2289079.PMID1906475.
- ^de Vrij FM, Bouwkamp CG, Gunhanlar N, Shpak G, Lendemeijer B, Baghdadi M, Gopalakrishna S, Ghazvini M, Li TM, Quadri M, Olgiati S, Breedveld GJ, Coesmans M, Mientjes E, de Wit T, Verheijen FW, Beverloo HB, Cohen D, Kok RM, Bakker PR, Nijburg A, Spijker AT, Haffmans PM, Hoencamp E, Bergink V, Vorstman JA, Wu T, Olde Loohuis LM, Amin N, Langen CD, Hofman A, Hoogendijk WJ, van Duijn CM, Ikram MA, Vernooij MW, Tiemeier H, Uitterlinden AG, Elgersma Y, Distel B, Gribnau J, White T, Bonifati V, Kushner SA (January 2018)."Candidate CSPG4 mutations and induced pluripotent stem cell modeling implicate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell dysfunction in familial schizophrenia".Molecular Psychiatry.24(5): 757–771.doi:10.1038/s41380-017-0004-2.PMC6755981.PMID29302076.
- ^de Vrij FM, Bouwkamp CG, Gunhanlar N, Shpak G, Lendemeijer B, Baghdadi M, Gopalakrishna S, Ghazvini M, Li TM, Quadri M, Olgiati S, Breedveld GJ, Coesmans M, Mientjes E, de Wit T, Verheijen FW, Beverloo HB, Cohen D, Kok RM, Bakker PR, Nijburg A, Spijker AT, Haffmans PM, Hoencamp E, Bergink V, Vorstman JA, Wu T, Olde Loohuis LM, Amin N, Langen CD, Hofman A, Hoogendijk WJ, van Duijn CM, Ikram MA, Vernooij MW, Tiemeier H, Uitterlinden AG, Elgersma Y, Distel B, Gribnau J, White T, Bonifati V, Kushner SA (January 2018)."Candidate CSPG4 mutations and induced pluripotent stem cell modeling implicate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell dysfunction in familial schizophrenia".Molecular Psychiatry.24(5): 757–771.doi:10.1038/s41380-017-0004-2.PMC6755981.PMID29302076.
Further reading
[edit]- Kirschfink M, Blase L, Engelmann S, Schwartz-Albiez R (February 1997)."Secreted chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of human B cell lines binds to the complement protein C1q and inhibits complex formation of C1".Journal of Immunology.158(3): 1324–31.doi:10.4049/jimmunol.158.3.1324.PMID9013976.
- Iida J, Meijne AM, Oegema TR, Yednock TA, Kovach NL, Furcht LT, McCarthy JB (March 1998)."A role of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan binding site in Alpha 4beta1 integrin-mediated melanoma cell adhesion".The Journal of Biological Chemistry.273(10): 5955–62.doi:10.1074/jbc.273.10.5955.PMID9488735.
- Eisenmann KM, McCarthy JB, Simpson MA, Keely PJ, Guan JL, Tachibana K, Lim L, Manser E, Furcht LT, Iida J (December 1999)."Melanoma chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan regulates cell spreading through Cdc42, Ack-1 and p130cas".Nature Cell Biology.1(8): 507–13.doi:10.1038/70302.PMID10587647.S2CID16876663.
- Barritt DS, Pearn MT, Zisch AH, Lee SS, Javier RT, Pasquale EB, Stallcup WB (August 2000)."The multi-PDZ domain protein MUPP1 is a cytoplasmic ligand for the membrane-spanning proteoglycan NG2".Journal of Cellular Biochemistry.79(2): 213–24.doi:10.1002/1097-4644(20001101)79:2<213::AID-JCB50>3.0.CO;2-G.PMC3501957.PMID10967549.
- Iida J, Pei D, Kang T, Simpson MA, Herlyn M, Furcht LT, McCarthy JB (June 2001)."Melanoma chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan regulates matrix metalloproteinase-dependent human melanoma invasion into type I collagen".The Journal of Biological Chemistry.276(22): 18786–94.doi:10.1074/jbc.M010053200.PMID11278606.
- Staub E, Hinzmann B, Rosenthal A (September 2002). "A novel repeat in the melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan defines a new protein family".FEBS Letters.527(1–3): 114–8.doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03195-2.PMID12220645.S2CID43541248.
- Stegmüller J, Werner H, Nave KA, Trotter J (February 2003)."The proteoglycan NG2 is complexed with Alpha -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors by the PDZ glutamate receptor interaction protein (GRIP) in glial progenitor cells. Implications for glial-neuronal signaling".The Journal of Biological Chemistry.278(6): 3590–8.doi:10.1074/jbc.M210010200.PMID12458226.
- Legg J, Jensen UB, Broad S, Leigh I, Watt FM (December 2003). "Role of melanoma chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan in patterning stem cells in human interfollicular epidermis".Development.130(24): 6049–63.doi:10.1242/dev.00837.PMID14573520.S2CID10336770.
- Ghali L, Wong ST, Tidman N, Quinn A, Philpott MP, Leigh IM (February 2004)."Epidermal and hair follicle progenitor cells express melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core protein".The Journal of Investigative Dermatology.122(2): 433–42.doi:10.1046/j.0022-202X.2004.22207.x.PMID15009727.
- Fukushi J, Makagiansar IT, Stallcup WB (August 2004)."NG2 proteoglycan promotes endothelial cell motility and angiogenesis via engagement of galectin-3 and Alpha 3beta1 integrin".Molecular Biology of the Cell.15(8): 3580–90.doi:10.1091/mbc.E04-03-0236.PMC491820.PMID15181153.
- Yang J, Price MA, Neudauer CL, Wilson C, Ferrone S, Xia H, Iida J, Simpson MA, McCarthy JB (June 2004)."Melanoma chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan enhances FAK and ERK activation by distinct mechanisms".The Journal of Cell Biology.165(6): 881–91.doi:10.1083/jcb.200403174.PMC2172406.PMID15210734.
- Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, Mougin C, Groizeleau C, Hamburger A, Meil A, Wojcik J, Legrain P, Gauthier JM (July 2004)."Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway".Genome Research.14(7): 1324–32.doi:10.1101/gr.2334104.PMC442148.PMID15231748.
- Suzuki Y, Yamashita R, Shirota M, Sakakibara Y, Chiba J, Mizushima-Sugano J, Nakai K, Sugano S (September 2004)."Sequence comparison of human and mouse genes reveals a homologous block structure in the promoter regions".Genome Research.14(9): 1711–8.doi:10.1101/gr.2435604.PMC515316.PMID15342556.
- Makagiansar IT, Williams S, Dahlin-Huppe K, Fukushi J, Mustelin T, Stallcup WB (December 2004)."Phosphorylation of NG2 proteoglycan by protein kinase C- Alpha regulates polarized membrane distribution and cell motility".The Journal of Biological Chemistry.279(53): 55262–70.doi:10.1074/jbc.M411045200.PMID15504744.
- Petrini S, Tessa A, Stallcup WB, Sabatelli P, Pescatori M, Giusti B, Carrozzo R, Verardo M, Bergamin N, Columbaro M, Bernardini C, Merlini L, Pepe G, Bonaldo P, Bertini E (November 2005). "Altered expression of the MCSP/NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in collagen VI deficiency".Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences.30(3): 408–17.doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2005.08.005.PMID16169245.S2CID36610297.
- Brekke C, Lundervold A, Enger PØ, Brekken C, Stålsett E, Pedersen TB, Haraldseth O, Krüger PG, Bjerkvig R, Chekenya M (February 2006). "NG2 expression regulates vascular morphology and function in human brain tumours".NeuroImage.29(3): 965–76.doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.08.026.hdl:1956/2370.PMID16253523.S2CID42026544.
- Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, Camp DG, Monroe ME, Moore RJ, Smith RD (2006)."Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry".Journal of Proteome Research.4(6): 2070–80.doi:10.1021/pr0502065.PMC1850943.PMID16335952.
External links
[edit]- HumanCSPG4genome location andCSPG4gene details page in theUCSC Genome Browser.
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