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CTV Television Network

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For other uses of "CTV", seeCTV (disambiguation).

CTV Television Network
TypeTerrestrialtelevision network
CountryCanada
Broadcast areaCanada (Available in parts of the Northern United States by cable or antenna)
AffiliatesSee§ CTV stations
Headquarters9 Channel Nine Court,Agincourt,Scarborough, Toronto,Ontario,Canada
Programming
Language(s)English
Picture format1080iHDTV
Ownership
OwnerBCE Inc.
ParentCTV Inc.
(Bell Media)
Key peopleWade Oosterman
President,Bell Media
Karine Moses
Senior Vice-President, Content Development and News
Wendy Freeman
Vice-President,CTV News
Sister channels
History
LaunchedOctober 1, 1961;62 years ago(1961-10-01)
FounderSpence Caldwell
Former namesCanadian Television Network (CTN) (pre-launch name)
Links
Websitectv.ca

TheCTV Television Network,commonly known asCTV,is aCanadianEnglish-language terrestrial television network. Launched in 1961 and acquired byBCE Inc.in 2000, CTV is Canada's largest privately ownedtelevision networkand is now a division of theBell Mediasubsidiary of BCE.[1]It is Canada's largest privately or commercially owned network consisting of 22 owned-and-operated stations nationwide and two privately owned affiliates, and has consistently been placed as Canada's top-ratednetwork in total viewers and in keydemographicssince 2002, after several years trailing the rivalGlobal Television Networkin key markets.

Bell Media also operates additional CTV-branded properties, including the 24-hour national cable news networkCTV News Channeland the secondaryCTV 2television system.

There has never been an official full name corresponding to the initials "CTV"; prior to CTV's launch in 1961, it was given the proposed branding of "Canadian Television Network" (CTN). But that branding was dropped before the network's launch when theCanadian Broadcasting Corporation(CBC) objected to it, claiming exclusive rights to the term "Canadian".[2][3]

History

[edit]
See also:History of Baton Broadcasting / Bell Globemedia / CTVglobemedia / Bell Media

Formation

[edit]

In 1958, Prime MinisterJohn Diefenbaker's government passed theBroadcasting Act,which established theBoard of Broadcast Governors(BBG), a forerunner to theCanadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission(CRTC), as the governing body of Canadian broadcasting, effectively ending theCanadian Broadcasting Corporation's (CBC) dual role as regulator and broadcaster.[4]The new board's first act was to take applications for "second" television stations inHalifax,Montreal(in both English andFrench),Ottawa,Toronto,Winnipeg,Calgary,Edmonton,andVancouverin response to an outcry for an alternative tothe CBC's television service.Calgary and Edmonton were served by privately owned CBCaffiliates;the other six markets by CBCowned-and-operated stations(O&Os).

The nine winners, in order of their first sign-on, were:

The first eight stations were privately owned; the Edmonton station was a CBC O&O, thusCFRN-TV,the existing local station, would lose its CBC affiliation once CBXT signed on.

Even before his station was licensed,John Bassett,the chief executive of the ultimately successful Toronto applicantBaton Aldred Rogers Broadcasting,[14]had expressed interest in participating in the creation of a second television network, "of which we see the Toronto station as anchor".[15]Indeed, Baton had already begun quietly contacting the successful applicants in other cities to gauge their interest in forming a cooperative group to share Canadian programming among the stations.[15]This led to the July 1960 formation of the Independent Television Organization (ITO), consisting of the eight newly licensed private stations and CFRN, each having one vote in the ITO's operations regardless of the size of its audience (CFTM, being a French-language station and therefore having little reason to collaborate with the other stations, would soon withdraw from the group; it would later emerge as the flagship of the first private French-language network,TVA). The ITO soon resolved to apply for a network licence to link these second stations.[16]

However, the ITO faced opposition fromSpence Caldwell,a former CBC executive and one of the unsuccessful applicants for the Toronto licence, who had first approached the BBG in April 1960 to pitch a second-station network proposal of his own. Under his plan, at least 51% of the shares of the network would be owned by various prominentBay Streetinvestors who had previously backed his Toronto station bid; only 49% would be reserved for the network's affiliates to purchase, if they wished. The BBG – and particularly its chair Andrew Stewart (who at the time also served as the president of theUniversity of Alberta) – was not in favour of a station-owned network, fearing that any such network would be dominated by Toronto's CFTO. Although it did not immediately approve Caldwell's proposal, it soon set several conditions on such a network that effectively made Caldwell's group the only feasible applicant.[17]

That fall, the Caldwell group (now named theCanadian Television Network,or CTN) and the ITO faced off in a series of meetings with the BBG. The ITO decided not to follow through with a formal network application, but the stations – particularly Baton, which said it had no interest in participating in CTN and believed it could still be successful without one – continued to indicate various concerns with the viability of Caldwell's proposal. Ultimately, the BBG granted a licence to CTN, conditional on securing the affiliation of six of the eight ITO stations.[3]

Baton's opposition to the CTN reversed in early 1961, soon after CFTO won the broadcast rights to theCanadian Football LeagueEastern Conferencefor the 1961 and 1962 seasons.[18]Baton's original plan was to operate a temporary network to distribute the games incorporating CFTO, other independent stations, and CBC affiliates in smaller markets (assuming the public network released its affiliates to carry the game).[19]Although the plan was neither officially rejected or approved, various uncertainties eventually led John Bassett to decide to sign an affiliation agreement with CTN instead to ensure the games would air.[20]Most of the other second stations followed suit, with the exception of CHAN in Vancouver, which agreed to carry several network programs but never officially signed on as an affiliate for the duration of the Caldwell era, yet nonetheless would later claim to have been a "charter member" of the network.[21][22]

Early years

[edit]

The network finally launched as the CTV Television Network on October 1, 1961.[23][24][nb 1]The CBC had objected to the network's initial name, apparently claiming it had exclusive rights to the term "Canadian", and therefore the letters "CTV" have no official expanded meaning.[2]

The CTV network's first night on-air began withHarry Rasky's promotional documentary on the new network. That was followed by a fall season preview program.[23]

CTV's initial 1961–1962 season began with the following programs, five of which were Canadian productions:[23]

Other series such asTelepollandA Kin to Winwere introduced later in the inaugural season.

At first, flagship CFTO was the only station that carried programming live. During CBC's off-hours, CTV used CBC's microwave system to send programming to the rest of the country on tape delay.[24]Eventually, a second microwave channel opened up, enabling live programming from coast to coast.

The Caldwell-led management team immediately ran into financial trouble, and relations between the network and its stations were not smooth at first since CTV had essentially been the product of a forced marriage. For example, most of the rights to American programming rested with the ITO, not CTV.[30]In many cases, CTV found itself competing with its own stations for the rights to programming.

Reorganization and expansion

[edit]

Caldwell's departure in 1965[31]did little to alleviate the situation, and CTV soon found itself on the verge of bankruptcy. In 1966, the network's affiliates (which by this time includedCJON-TVinSt. John's,CKCO-TVinKitchener,CHAB-TV/CHRE-TVinMoose Jaw/Regina,and the network's first and only U.S. affiliate,WNYP-TVinJamestown, New York) sought permission to buy the network and run it as a cooperative. The BBG was initially skeptical of the proposal. Since CFTO was by far the largest and richest station (it was more than double the size of the next-largest station, Montreal's CFCF-TV), the BBG feared that CFTO would dominate CTV if the stations were allowed to buy the network. To alleviate these concerns, the affiliates promised that each station owner would have one vote regardless of its audience share. The board readily approved the proposal, and by the start of the 1966–67 season, the stations owned their network.[32]The network also began broadcasting incolouron September 1, 1966.[32]

By the mid-1970s, CTV had expanded its footprint across Canada, mostly bytwinstickarrangements in smaller cities, and with CBC affiliates switching to CTV once the CBC opened its own stations or added rebroadcasters of nearby O&O stations. In a unique twist, the originalSaskatchewanaffiliate, CHAB/CHRE, was bought by the CBC in 1969 (and eventually changed its calls toCBKT,with the Regina station as the main station), allowing Regina's original station,CKCK-TV,to join CTV. Its attempt to expand to the United States ended when Buffalo's three network affiliates threatened legal action, forcing WNYP off the air.

CTV made a name for itself in news coverage when it convinced star CBC news anchorLloyd Robertsonto switch networks in 1976.[33](Robertson served as the network's main anchorman until 2011). Its weekly newsmagazine series,W5,has been a fixture on the network since 1966,[34]predating the similar American program60 Minutesby two years.

CTV logo, used from 1975 to 1985.

In the 1970s, CTV often bought rights to pop and rock songs to serve as theme music for its programming, rather than commissioning original themes. Most notably,W5used an instrumental portion ofSupertramp's "Fool's Overture",Canada AMused an instrumental version ofThe Moody Blues' "Ride My See-Saw", the game showDefinitionusedQuincy Jones' "Soul Bossa Nova"and theCTV Movieused theKeith Mansfieldinstrumental "Statement" from theKPM Musichouselibrary.

For most of its first four decades, CTV did not have what could be considered a main schedule outside of news programming. The differences were enough that Ottawa's CJOH used a rebroadcaster inCornwallto feed cable systems in Montreal from the early 1980s through the mid-1990s despite the presence of CFCF; the CJOH rebroadcaster reaches the western portion of the Montreal area.

Conflict and consolidation

[edit]

CTV's cooperative structure regularly led to conflicts between the network's owner-affiliates. In particular, the owners of CFCF, CJOH, and especially CHAN felt thatBaton Broadcasting,owners offlagshipCFTO in Toronto, dominated production of network programming.[35]

In the mid-1980s, Baton began a drive to take over CTV by buying as many affiliates as possible. Having already boughtCFQC-TVinSaskatoonin 1971,[36]Baton purchased additional stations in Saskatchewan – including CTV affiliates CKCK-TV Regina,CICC-TVYorkton,andCIPA-TVPrince Albert– in 1986. Baton then purchased CJOH in 1988, followed by theMCTVandHuron Broadcastingstations, which included four CTV affiliates inNorthern Ontario,in 1990.

One caveat, however, was the "one owner, one vote" provision of the cooperative's bylaws. Any acquisition of one station by an existing station owner triggered an automatic redistribution of the acquired station's shares among the other owners.[37]As a result, even though it owned 11 of CTV's 24 affiliates, Baton still had only had one vote out of eight.

Around the same time, several CTV owner-affiliates were expanding their holdings outside of the network. CHAN ownerWestern International CommunicationspurchasedSelkirk Communicationsand Allarcom, which together owned several independent stations in Alberta and Ontario.[38]CHUM Limited,owner of the CTV-affiliatedATVsystem serving the Maritimes, already owned independent stationCITY-TVin Toronto, and by this point had begun launching national cable channels likeMuchMusic.Even Baton added some stations outside of CTV, with the purchase or launch of three independent stations in southwestern Ontario in 1992–93.[39]It also began competing with the network for some program acquisitions in 1992, and in 1994 launched theBaton Broadcast System(BBS) as a parallel programming brand for both its CTV affiliates and independent stations.[40]

After several years of contentious negotiations between the eight remaining owner-affiliates, by late 1992 they had reached an agreement to recapitalize the network, and provide a path for a single company to eventually take control.[41]The restructuring took effect in January 1993, and CTV converted from a cooperative to a corporation. Seven of the owner-affiliates invested equally, yielding a 14.3% stake in the network for each; however, Newfoundland Broadcasting, owner of CJON, decided not to invest further and effectively relinquished its vote, reducing the number of active voting members to seven.[42][a]As part of the restructuring, the stations also agreed to reduce the number of hours of network programming, allowing Baton and WIC to program more of their stations' schedules with their own acquisitions.[44]

The ribbons logo used from 1998 to 2018.

In 1996, Baton acquired CFCN fromRogers Communications.Significantly, Baton also acquired Rogers' CTV vote. It also started a joint venture withElectrohome,owner of CFRN and CKCO. As part of the deal, Baton was allowed to vote Electrohome's shares in addition to its own. The following year, Baton acquired Electrohome's share of the joint venture, and separately acquired ATV from CHUM. This gave Baton a 57.2% controlling interest in the network, triggering aput optionallowing the remaining affiliates, WIC (which by this time owned both CHAN and CFCF) andMoffat(owner of CKY), to sell their CTV shares to Baton without selling their stations, which they did. Baton was now full owner of the CTV network and immediately began plastering the CTV brand across its stations, even on non-network programming, and dropped its secondary BBS brand. The company changed its name to CTV Inc. in 1998, and eventually acquired two of the final three large-market stations, CKY and CFCF (it replaced the third, CHAN, as discussed below).

CTV has attracted some controversy in the past because of cutbacks to its small-market stations. In the late 1990s, cuts were made to the news staff and productions at CTV's two small-market Saskatchewan stations,CICC-TVinYorktonandCIPA-TVinPrince Albert.These stations currently simulcast supper-hour and late-night news from CKCK and CFQC respectively, placing local inserts into the newscasts. Similarly, the fourMaritimestations, known collectively asCTV Atlantic(then known as ATV), and the fourNorthern Ontariostations, known collectively asCTV Northern Ontario(then known as MCTV), each had their local news production cut back in the early 2000s to one single centrally produced newscast for each region, with only brief inserts for news of strictly local interest. This was a controversial move in all of the affected communities, especially in Northern Ontario where MCTV's newscasts were the only locally oriented news programs in those markets.

Bell Canada era

[edit]
Updated CTV logo for the 2018–19 television season; the basic design of this logo, with minor modifications along the way, has been in use since 1966.
See also:2001 Vancouver TV realignmentand2007 Canada broadcast TV realignment

In 2000, typical of theownership consolidationtrend at the time,BCE Inc.acquired CTV,Netstar Communications,andThe Globe and Mailnewspaper, combining them into a media division known as Bell Globemedia (BGM). BGM also subsequently acquired a minority share in the French-language networkTQS,which broadcasts inQuebec.

CTV has legally been a "television service" in the eyes of the CRTC since 2000, when it allowed its network licence to expire.[45]CBC,Radio-Canada,TVAandAboriginal Peoples Television Networkare the only official television networks in Canada (CTV was issued a separate network licence in 2001 to continue to provide programming to CHFD Thunder Bay, CJBN Kenora, and CITL Lloydminster).[46][47]

CTV lost significant coverage inBritish ColumbiaandNewfoundland and Labradorat the beginning of the 21st century, starting with amajor television realignment in Vancouver.In 2000,CanwestGlobal bought the television stations ofWestern International Communications,which owned long-standing CTV affiliates CHAN in Vancouver andCHEK-TVinVictoria.A year later, after its CTV contract ran out, Canwest made CHAN theGlobalowned-and-operated station for British Columbia, taking advantage of CHAN's massive network of repeaters that cover 97% of the province. CTV shifted its programming toCIVT-TV,anindependent stationit already owned. Unlike CHAN, CIVT has only one transmitter covering the metropolitan areas of Vancouver and Victoria, and has to rely on cable and satellite to reach the rest of the province. CIVT is either carried on a higher channel number or unavailable altogether in theMountain Time Zoneportion of British Columbia, where CTV relies onCFCN-DTorCFRN-DTas its main carriers.

Meanwhile, in 2002,CJON-TV(known as "NTV" ) inSt. John'sdropped its 38-year CTV affiliation after the network attempted to alter its affiliation agreement in a way that Newfoundland Broadcasting found unfair. Since joining CTV, CJON had aired the base network schedule essentially for free since CTV paid it for the airtime. The station then bought additional CTV programming and sold all advertising. However, CTV tried to make CJON pay for the base schedule as well, with no possibility of airtime payments. It also increased the fees for additional CTV programming beyond what CJON claimed it could pay. Newfoundland Broadcasting also did not want to continue to carry CTV's national advertising during these programs. At the start of the 2002–03 season, CJON became an independent station and dropped most CTV programming except for national newscasts; in exchange, it provides news coverage of Newfoundland and Labrador events to CTV. In recent years, all of CTV's non-news programming has disappeared from the station, and since then virtually all primetime programs aired on that station are from rival Global. CTV does not currently have ade factoaffiliate in that province, with most Newfoundlanders having to rely on cable and satellite (usually from CTV Atlantic) for its programming.

In September 2005, CTV announced an agreement withMTV Networksthat saw the launch ofMTV Canada.[48]

In July 2006, CTV parent Bell Globemedia announced plans to acquireCHUM Limited,itself a former partner in CTV (via ATV), and at that point one of Canada's largest broadcasters.[49]While CTVglobemedia kept CHUM's radio stations along with theA-Channeltelevision stations and most of CHUM's specialty channels, theCitytvstations were sold off to Rogers as required by the conditions the CRTC placed upon CTV when approving the CHUM purchase.[50]Bell Globemedia was renamed CTVglobemedia on January 1, 2007.[51]In March 2009, CTV became the first Canadian television network to offer its programming online inhigh definition.

CTV affiliateCHFDinThunder Bay,Ontario left the network on February 12, 2010, after being unable to reach an agreement on new affiliation terms; CHFD instead became a full-time Global affiliate. CFTO was offered as part of the basic package to Thunder Bay cable subscribers for the duration of the2010 Winter Olympics;the station had otherwise been available only on the digital cable timeshifting package, leaving CTV without a presence on basic cable in the market.

On September 10, 2010, BCE Inc. announced it would purchase the remaining shares of CTVglobemedia for $1.3 billion (CAD). On April 1, 2011, CTVglobemedia was officially renamed Bell Media. On December 1, 2011,CJBN-TVinKenora,Ontario dropped all CTV programming and became a full Global station, adopting a schedule similar to nearby Global stationCKND-DTin Winnipeg. The move leftCITL-DTinLloydminsteras the sole remaining CTV affiliate not owned by the network until 2014.[52][53]It was announced in June 2014, thatCKPR-DTin Thunder Bay, Ontario would change affiliations fromCBCto CTV on September 1, 2014, resulting in Thunder Bay having a CTV affiliate again.[54]

On May 20, 2015,Corus Entertainmentannounced an agreement with Bell Media to switch its three CBC affiliates in Ontario to CTV:CHEX-DTPeterborough,CHEX-TV-2Oshawa,andCKWS-DTKingston.The affiliation switch went into effect on August 31, 2015.[55]

Programming

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Main article:List of programs broadcast by CTV and CTV 2

The network's programming consists mainly of hit American series (such asThe Amazing Race,The Big Bang Theory,Blue Bloods,Castle,CSI,The Good Doctor,Grey's Anatomy,The Mentalist,The Michael J. Fox Show,UnforgettableandThe X Factor), but it has also had success with Canadian-made shows such asDue South,Power Play,Degrassi: The Next Generation,Corner Gas,Instant Star,The Eleventh Hour,Flashpoint,The Listener,Canadian Idol,MasterChef CanadaandThe Amazing Race Canada.

CTV also regularly produces and airs Canadian-made television movies, often based on stories from Canadian news or Canadian history, under the bannersCTV Signature SeriesorCTV Movie.

News programming consists of the nightlyCTV National News;national morning programYour Morningon CTV stations in Eastern Canada; local morning programCTV Morning Liveon CTV stations in Western Canada; local newscasts branded asCTV News;and newsmagazinesW-FiveandQuestion Period,which interviews politicians and recaps political events during the week.

As well, in recent years,[when?]CTV has purchased Canadian broadcast rights to a number of Americancableseries, such asThe Sopranos,Nip/Tuck,Punk'd,The Daily Show,The Colbert Report,andThe Osbournes.In many cases, CTV has been one of the few conventional broadcast networks in the world to air these series in prime time, which has attracted some controversy from Canadian media watchdogs and parents groups who object to the profanity, violence and sexual content ofNip/Tuck,The SopranosandThe Osbournes—which, unlike originating broadcasterMTV,CTV aired uncensored. It has broadcast MTV programming live, starting with theMTV's New Year of Musicspecial during New Year's 2005/2006.

In late 2003, CTV started broadcasting select American programmes in 16:9 (widescreen)high definition.It later began airing Canadian programs in this format, such asDegrassi.Currently, only CFTO and CIVT have dedicated HD feeds (sometimes marketed asCTV HD EastandWestrespectively), but both are available nationally via cable and satellite, and do not differ otherwise from their analog counterparts.

On July 2, 2005, CTV broadcast 20 hours of theLive 8concerts, which was watched by over 10.5 million people – nearly one-third the country's population – at some point during the day; however, the average audience was much lower. According to at least one source, it was the most-watched program by this standard in Canadian history.

On June 27, 2007, CTV andThe Comedy Networkgained exclusive Canadian rights to the entireComedy Centrallibrary of past and current programs on all electronic platforms, under a multi-year agreement withViacom,expanding on past programming agreements between the two channels. Canadian users attempting to visit Comedy Central websites are redirected to The Comedy Network's website, and vice versa for American users. The Canadian channel kept its own brand name, but the agreement is otherwise very similar to the earlier CTV/Viacom deal forMTV Canada.[56]

Sports programming

[edit]
Main article:CTV Sports

Historically, CTV Sports existed as a stand-alone division; with CTV's purchase of cable networkTSNin 2001, TSN has assumed responsibility for all sports output on CTV since.

In early 2005, CTV was part of the consortium that won the Canadian broadcast rights to Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics hosted by Canada itself and theLondon 2012 Summer Olympics.CBC had consistently won Olympic broadcast rights from the1996 Summer Olympicsthrough to the2008 Summer Olympics,the1996 Summer Olympicsbeing held in their main fiction TV series source, the United States. CTV and V (nowNoovoand previously TQS) were the primary broadcasters, withTSN,RDSandSportsnetproviding supplementary coverage. CTV promised to broadcast 22 hours per day of event coverage during the 2012 Olympics; regular CTV programming was reallocated to CTV's secondary television system CTV Two during the Olympics.

On May 22, 2007, it was announced that CTV had acquired the broadcast rights to theNational Football Leagueearly-afternoon Sunday games, the full NFL playoffs, and theSuper Bowl,starting with the2007 NFL season,[57]effectively ending a lengthy association between the NFL andGlobal.TSN, a sports channel co-owned with CTV, airs primetime NFL games and produces the CTV broadcasts in tandem withCBSandFox.

CTV high-definition and digital transition

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CTV carries its high-definition feed broadcasting at1080i.The following CTV stations are available in HD on digital terrestrial television (DTT):

Station City Pre-transition digital
terrestrial channel		 DTT
launch date		 Post-transition
DTT channel		 BDU Carriage
launch date		 Notes
CFTO-DT Toronto 40 (9.1) 2005 40 (9.1) November 19, 2003 Nationally on satellite
CIVT-DT Vancouver 33 (32.1) 2006 32 (32.1) June 1, 2004 Nationally on Bell TV
CFCN-DT Calgary 36 (4.1) January 8, 2009 29 (4.1) Shaw: January 8, 2009 Also available on Bell TV
CFCF-DT Montreal 51 (12.1) January 28, 2011 12 (12.1) Vidéotron: December 1, 2009 Also available on Bell TV
CJOH-DT Ottawa ─ 2011 13 (13.1) Vidéotron: December 1, 2009
CFRN-DT Edmonton ─ 2011 47 (3.1) Telus TV: February 2011 Also available on Bell TV
CKCO-DT Kitchener ─ September 1, 2011 13 (13.1) Rogers: September 2011 Also available on Bell TV
CKY-DT Winnipeg ─ September 1, 2011 7 (7.1) MTS: January 2010 Also available on Bell TV
CJCH-DT Halifax ─ September 1, 2011 48 (5.1) Eastlink: May 12, 2011 Also available on Bell TV

On November 19, 2003, CTV launched anHDsimulcast of its Toronto station CFTO-DT, with the free-to-air feed launching in 2005. CTV has since launched HD simulcasts of CIVT-DT Vancouver on June 1, 2004 (the terrestrial feed followed suit in 2006), CFCN-DT Calgary on January 8, 2009,CFCF-DTMontreal on December 1, 2009 (the free-to-air feed followed suit on January 28, 2011),CJOH-DTOttawa on December 1, 2009 (BDU only), CFRN-DT Edmonton in January 2011, CKY-DT Winnipeg in February 2011, and CJCH-DT Halifax on May 11, 2011.

Local newscasts in high definition

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On May 12, 2009, Toronto's CFTO-DT became the first station in the CTV network to broadcast its local newscasts in high definition (the first station in Canada to broadcast its local newscasts in high definition was fellow Toronto station CITY-DT). CTV-ownedCIVT-DTin Vancouver followed, becoming the second station in the CTV network to broadcast its local newscasts in high definition as of November 23, 2009. CFCN-DT inCalgarybegan broadcasting its local newscasts in HD in October 2011, while CFRN-DT inEdmontonupgraded its local news production to HD in October 2012.

CTV stations

[edit]

CTV owned-and-operated stations

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As of mid-October 2005, all CTV-owned and operated stations have adopted a single on-air brand of "CTV", rather than use their official callsigns or channel numbers on-air (although some stations, most notablyCIVT,promote their cable channel number). When further differentiation is needed, for example during regional programming, the city or region they serve (for example, "CTV Ottawa" or "CTV British Columbia" ) may be used as well. Under CRTC regulations, however, the callsign is still the station's legal name.

Note:

1) Italicized channel numbers indicate a digital channel allocated for future use by theCanadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission.
City of license Station Channel
TV(RF) 		Year of
affiliation 		Owned since
Calgary,Alberta CFCN-DT 4.1 (29) 1961 1998
Edmonton,Alberta CFRN-DT 3.1 (12) 1961 1997
Halifax,Nova Scotia CJCH-DT 5.1 (48) 1961 1997
Kitchener,Ontario CKCO-DT 13.1 (13) 1964 1998
Lethbridge,Alberta CFCN-DT 13.1 (13) 1968 1996
Moncton,New Brunswick CKCW-DT 29.1 (29) 1969 1997
Montreal,Quebec CFCF-DT 12.1 (12) 1961 2001
North Bay,Ontario CKNY-DT 10.1 (12) 1971 1990
Ottawa,Ontario CJOH-DT 13.1 (13) 1961 1998
Prince Albert,Saskatchewan CIPA-TV 9(analog only) 1987 1987
Red Deer,Alberta CFRN-DT 3.1 (12) 1973 1997
Regina,Saskatchewan CKCK-DT 2.1 (8) 1969 1997
Saint John,New Brunswick CKLT-DT 9.1 (9) 1969 1997
Saskatoon,Saskatchewan CFQC-DT 8.1 (8) 1971 1997
Sault Ste. Marie,Ontario CHBX-TV 2(analog only) 1977 1990
Sudbury,Ontario CICI-TV 5(analog only) 1971 1990
Sydney,Nova Scotia CJCB-DT 4.1 (25) 1972 1997
Timmins,Ontario CITO-TV 3(analog only) 1971
(as rebroadcaster of
CKSO/Sudbury)		 1990
Toronto,Ontario CFTO-DT 9.1 (8) 1961 1998
Vancouver,British Columbia CIVT-DT 32.1 (32) 2001 1997
Winnipeg,Manitoba CKY-DT 7.1 (7) 1961 2001
Yorkton,Saskatchewan CICC-TV 10(analog only) 1971 1986

Regional affiliates

[edit]

As CTV does not presently operate as ade juretelevision network using a CRTC-issued network license, these stations acquire CTV programming from Bell Media by way of program supply agreements, notnetwork affiliationagreements.[58]Although they currently carry the vast majority of CTV programs and generally use a similar schedule to CTV-owned stations, the stations retain all advertising inventory, and have final authority over carriage and scheduling of CTV programming.[58]

City of license/market Station Channel
TV(RF) 		Year of
affiliation 		Owner
Lloydminster,Alberta/Saskatchewan CITL 4.1 (4) 1976 Stingray Group
Thunder Bay,Ontario CKPR 2.1 (2) 2014 Dougall Media

Former affiliates

[edit]
City of license Station Year of affiliation Year of disaffiliation Notes
Jamestown/Buffalo,New York, United States WNYP-TV 1966 1969 Left the network after legal action fromWKBW-TV,WGR-TV(now WGRZ-TV), andWBEN-TV(now WIVB-TV); channel now used for aTCTowned-and-operated station with the call sign WNYB (but a different license from WNYP-TV).
Kenora,Ontario CJBN-TV 1980 2011 Left the network after its affiliation agreement with Bell Media ended; subsequently owned byShaw Communicationsas aGlobalaffiliate; left the air on January 27, 2017.
Kingston,Ontario CKWS-DT 2015 2018 Left the network after its affiliation agreement with Bell Media ended; currently owned byCorus Entertainmentas aGlobalO&O.
Oshawa,Ontario CHEX-TV-2 2015 2018 Left the network after its affiliation agreement with Bell Media ended; currently owned byCorus Entertainmentas aGlobalO&O.
Pembroke/Ottawa,Ontario CHRO-TV 1991 1997 Swapped by Baton forCHUM Limited's stations in Atlantic Canada; currently owned byBell Mediaas aCTV 2O&O.
Peterborough,Ontario CHEX-DT 2015 2018 Left the network after its affiliation agreement with Bell Media ended; currently owned byCorus Entertainmentas aGlobalO&O.
Thunder Bay,Ontario CHFD-DT 1972 2010 Left the network after an affiliation dispute with CTVglobemedia, became an affiliate ofGlobal;currently operated byDougall Mediaas Global affiliate. As noted above, in 2014 Dougall Media readded a CTV affiliation on its other station in the market,CKPR-DT,after disaffiliating that station fromCBC Television.
St. John's,Newfoundland and Labrador CJON-DT 1964 2002 (primary) Left the network after an affiliation dispute with Bell Globemedia, still airs news programming from CTV; currently operated by Stirling Communications International as an independent station.
Vancouver,British Columbia CHAN-DT 1961(secondary)
1965(primary)		 2001 Originally owned byWIC,sold toCanwest Globaland became aGlobalO&O; currently owned byCorus Entertainmentas a Global O&O.
Victoria,British Columbia CHEK-DT 1963(secondary)
1981(primary)		 2001 Originally owned by WIC, sold toCanwestGlobal and became aCHO&O; currently owned by CHEK Media Group as anindependent station.

Special cases

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  • St. John's,Newfoundland and Labrador –CJON-DT(NTV): disaffiliated with CTV in 2002, but still carries CTV's newscasts and specials.

Other CTV-branded channels

[edit]
CTV Two
CTV Two

In addition toCTV News Channel,several other spin-offs have been launched under the CTV branding. Former specialty channels that have used the CTV brand (and formerly had ownership stakes by the parent company) includeCTV Sportsnet(now Sportsnet) andCTV Travel(now T+E).

Following the 2007 acquisition ofA-Channelby CTVglobemedia as part of the takeover of CHUM Limited, media analysts had speculated that CTV may potentially extend its market-leading CTV brand to that television network.[citation needed]Bell officially announced on May 30, 2011, that the A-Channel television network would be rebranded as "CTV Two", a change that took effect on August 29, 2011. CTV Two currently consists of four over-the-air O&Os inOntarioand three inBritish Columbia,as well as regional cable-only channels inAtlantic CanadaandAlberta,providing complementary programming which have smaller audiences than those on the mainline CTV network.

In June 2018, Bell Media announced plans to rename four of its existing specialty channels under the CTV branding.[59]Bravo, The Comedy Network, Gusto, and Space were respectively relaunched asCTV Drama Channel,CTV Comedy Channel,CTV Life Channel,andCTV Sci-Fi Channelon September 12, 2019.[60]In December 2018, Bell launched two ad-supportedvideo on demand(AVOD) services, CTV Movies and CTV Throwback (originally announced as "CTV Vault" ), respectively offering second-run feature films and classic TV series. Their programming comes from an agreement withSony Pictures Television;Sony's video service,Crackle,would exit Canada on June 28, 2018, with its content being assumed by the two services.[61][62]

It was also announced that content from CTV, its four genre channels, as well as CTV Movies and CTV Throwback, would be eventually accessible within a unified "super-hub" for streaming video platforms.[63][64]The new CTV app was released in July 2020, subsuming theTV Everywhereapps for the aforementioned channels.[65]It would also subsume the streaming apps for most other Bell Media networks.[66]

Logos

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The network's original logo was an oval-shaped letter "C", the inside shaped like a television tube. Contained within the C were the initials "CTV". In 1966, colour programming was ushered in with a new logo, depicting a red circle containing the initial "C", a blue square with a "T", and a green inverted triangle with a "V".[32]This logo has been used, albeit with minor variations along the way ever since. In 1967, the letters "CTV" were rounded and easier to see, with the "base/TV" graphic added later. In 1975, the shapes were brightened.

In 1990, the letters "CTV" were angled and tweaked with any additional designs dropped from it. In 1998, CTV introduced a new "ribbons" identity which lasted until 2018 with various minor adjustments before then. Initially, CTV used the three coloured ribbons and shapes of its logo to represent its different divisions. In the network branding, the red ribbon and circle represented entertainment programming, the blue ribbon and square represented news programming, and the green ribbon and inverted triangle referred to sports programming. For a period, the identity featured bumper idents featuring CTV personalities manipulating the logo's shapes as physical objects. In 2004, the network added colour gradients to the shapes to create a 3D effect. The 3D shapes were then brightened in 2011.

On September 24, 2018, CTV introduced a new logo and branding elements with a flatter "digital" appearance, as well as a new promotional campaign, "Get into it".[67]

  • CTV's original logo (1961–1966)
    CTV's original logo (1961–1966)
  • Original version of CTV's geometrical shape logo (1966–1975)
    Original version of CTV's geometrical shape logo (1966–1975)
  • The logo in use in the 1970s and 1980s added the colours, still in use today, to the shapes, with the letters being rounded and a white half-square representing a television picture tube (1975–1985)
    The logo in use in the 1970s and 1980s added the colours, still in use today, to the shapes, with the letters being rounded and a white half-square representing a televisionpicture tube(1975–1985)
  • The logo in use in the late 1980s adds three diagonal stripes to the geometrical shape logo (1985–1990)
    The logo in use in the late 1980s adds three diagonal stripes to the geometrical shape logo (1985–1990)
  • The version in use from 1990 to 2018 drops any additional designs to the geometrical shape logo with letters being angled and tweaked. In 2004, the network added colour gradients to the shapes to create a 3D effect before brightening the shapes in 2011, although the plain version remained in use in print publications where the colour gradients could not be rendered.
    The version in use from 1990 to 2018 drops any additional designs to the geometrical shape logo with letters being angled and tweaked. In 2004, the network added colour gradients to the shapes to create a 3D effect before brightening the shapes in 2011, although the plain version remained in use in print publications where the colour gradients could not be rendered.
  • The 2018 logo switched exclusively to a flat version, with brighter colours and refined letter shapes. (2018–present)
    The 2018 logo switched exclusively to a flat version, with brighter colours and refined letter shapes. (2018–present)

See also

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Footnotes

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  1. ^There may be some confusion about the network's launch date due to a celebration of "50 years of local news" held by local CTV and A-Channel stations in April 2008,[25][26]particularly as there were a handful of cases where the event was erroneously referred to as a "50th anniversary".[27]Neither the network nor any local CTV-owned station launched in 1958, although some of the stations that later joined CTV launched earlier in the 1950s.[28]The celebration was not timed to any particular anniversary but rather to a CRTC review of regulations for local television stations also held that month.[29]
  1. ^Newfoundland Broadcasting retained 100 common shares in CTV (out of approximately 14 million outstanding after the restructuring) until the completion of the Baton acquisition.[43]

References

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  1. ^"About CTV".CTV Television Network.Archived fromthe originalon August 10, 2016.RetrievedJune 3,2020.
  2. ^abGittins 1999,p. 63
  3. ^abGittins 1999,pp. 45–51
  4. ^"CTV Television Network".Canadian Communications Foundation.Archived fromthe originalon September 29, 2018.RetrievedSeptember 28,2018.
  5. ^"CFCN-DT".broadcasting-history.ca.History of Canadian Broadcasting.RetrievedJune 16,2024.
  6. ^"CHAN-DT".broadcasting-history.ca.History of Canadian Broadcasting.
  7. ^"CKY-DT".broadcasting-history.ca.History of Canadian Broadcasting.
  8. ^"CFTO-DT".broadcasting-history.ca.History of Canadian Broadcasting.
  9. ^"CJCH-DT".broadcasting-history.ca.History of Canadian Broadcasting.
  10. ^"CFCF-DT".broadcasting-history.ca.History of Canadian Broadcasting.
  11. ^"CFTM-DT".broadcasting-history.ca.History of Canadian Broadcasting.
  12. ^"CJOH-DT".broadcasting-history.ca.History of Canadian Broadcasting.
  13. ^"CBX-DT".broadcasting-history.ca.History of Canadian Broadcasting.
  14. ^Gittins 1999,p. 20
  15. ^abGittins 1999,p. 26
  16. ^Gittins 1999,pp. 43–44
  17. ^Gittins 1999,37–38
  18. ^Gittins 1999,p. 52
  19. ^Gittins 1999,p. 53
  20. ^Gittins 1999,p. 55
  21. ^Gittins 1999,p. 58
  22. ^Archived atGhostarchiveand theWayback Machine:"BCTV Ch-8 Vancouver BC_sign off (posted 2009-03-15)".YouTube.RetrievedFebruary 25,2012.
  23. ^abcBraithwaite, Dennis (October 2, 1961). "Filmed Accolades Put Private TV Network on the Air".The Globe and Mail.p. 4.
  24. ^abGittins 1999,p. 72-73
  25. ^50yearsofnews.ctv.caArchivedMay 30, 2012, at theWayback Machine
  26. ^CTV and A-Channel Celebrate Local NewsArchivedApril 12, 2008, at theWayback Machine,CTV press release, April 8, 2008
  27. ^"CTV celebrates 50 years of news".CTV.ca.April 15, 2008.RetrievedJune 22,2011.CTV Anchors from across the country are in Ottawa to celebrate the network's 50th anniversary
  28. ^CTV – Local News Matters – BackgroundArchivedMarch 23, 2011, at theWayback Machine(list of CTV-owned stations that launched in the 1950s)
  29. ^CTV – Local News Matters – FAQArchivedJune 22, 2010, at theWayback Machine(makes several references to CRTC review
  30. ^Gittins 1999,p. 78
  31. ^Gittins 1999,p. 82
  32. ^abcGittins 1999,p. 86
  33. ^Gittins 1999,p. 118
  34. ^Gittins 1999,p. 89
  35. ^Gittins 1999,pp. 90–91, 205
  36. ^Gittins 1999,p. 131-133
  37. ^Gittins 1999,p. 248
  38. ^Gittins 1999,p. 217
  39. ^Gittins 1999,p. 243
  40. ^Gittins 1999,pp. 243, 269–70
  41. ^Gittins 1999,pp. 240–41, 244–6
  42. ^Gittins 1999,pp. 248–250
  43. ^Gittins 1999,p. 326
  44. ^Gittins 1999,pp. 244–5
  45. ^"Decision CRTC 2000-235".Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission.July 6, 2000.RetrievedJanuary 2,2012.
  46. ^"Decision CRTC 2001-507".Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission.August 21, 2001.RetrievedJanuary 2,2012.
  47. ^"Decision CRTC 2001-509".Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission.August 21, 2001.RetrievedJanuary 2,2012.
  48. ^"CTV brings MTV brand back to Canada".The Globe and Mail.September 28, 2005.
  49. ^"Bell Globemedia makes $1.7B bid for CHUM".CBC News.July 12, 2006.
  50. ^"Rogers Media snaps up 5 Citytv stations".CBC News.June 12, 2007.
  51. ^Robertson, Grant (December 15, 2006)."Bell Globemedia becomes CTVglobemedia Inc".The Globe and Mail.
  52. ^"TV Listings Guide and TV Schedule, where to watch TV shows - Zap2it".Zap2it.Archived fromthe originalon March 8, 2016.RetrievedDecember 9,2011.
  53. ^"TV Listings Guide and TV Schedule, where to watch TV shows - Zap2it".Zap2it.Archived fromthe originalon March 8, 2016.RetrievedDecember 9,2011.
  54. ^Lundmark, Jodi (June 18, 2014)."CTV-set-to-return-to-CKPR-TV – Tbnewswatch Thunder Bay News".tbnewswatch.Archived fromthe originalon August 19, 2014.
  55. ^"Corus Entertainment's Eastern Ontario Television Channels Enter into a Program Supply Agreement with Bell Media to Broadcast CTV Programming".Archived fromthe originalon May 28, 2015.RetrievedMay 21,2015.
  56. ^CTV Strikes Multi-Platform Content Deal With Comedy Central,CTV press release, June 27, 2007
  57. ^"CTV.ca | CTV News, Shows and Sports – Canadian Television".Archived fromthe originalon February 10, 2008.RetrievedDecember 7,2017.
  58. ^abCanadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission(August 27, 2015)."Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2015-403".RetrievedAugust 31,2015.
  59. ^"Magnum P.I. reboot, new Jann Arden comedy on CTV's fall lineup".Toronto Star.RetrievedJune 7,2018.
  60. ^"Bolstered by New Acquisitions, New CTV Suite of Specialty Channels to Be Unveiled Sept. 12".Newswire.RetrievedJune 8,2019.
  61. ^"Bell Media announces new VOD services, CTV 'digital super-hub'".Mobilesyrup.RetrievedSeptember 13,2019.
  62. ^Roettgers, Janko (June 27, 2018)."Sony Crackle Shutting Down in Canada".Variety.RetrievedJune 26,2018.
  63. ^Ahearn, Victoria (June 7, 2018)."Jann Arden to play a fictionalized version of herself in CTV comedy series".The Canadian Press (via Calgary Herald).RetrievedJune 7,2018.[permanent dead link]
  64. ^"CTV to launch two free VoD services".Cartt.ca.RetrievedDecember 7,2018.[permanent dead link]
  65. ^"CTV app for iOS and Android now offers more live and on-demand channels".MobileSyrup.July 15, 2020.RetrievedApril 14,2022.
  66. ^"CTV app now available on Roku streaming devices and TVs".MobileSyrup.April 6, 2022.RetrievedApril 14,2022.
  67. ^"CTV asks viewers to" Get Into It "with new fall campaign".Cartt.ca.RetrievedNovember 13,2018.[permanent dead link]

Bibliography

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