Camp Kilmer

US Army Photograph of Camp Kilmer

Located inCentral New Jersey,Camp Kilmeris a formerUnited States Armycamp that was activated in June 1942 as a staging area and part of an installation of theNew York Port of Embarkation.The camp was organized as part of the Army Service Forces Transportation Corps. Troops were quartered at Camp Kilmer in preparation for transport to theEuropean Theater of OperationsinWorld War II.Eventually, it became the largest processing center for troops heading overseas and returning from World War II, processing over 2.5 million soldiers. It officially closed in 2009.

Origins and history

The camp was named forJoyce Kilmer,a poet killed inWorld War Iwhile serving with69th Infantry Regiment.His home was in nearbyNew Brunswick, New Jersey.

The site was selected in 1941 by theWar Departmentas the best site to serve theNew York Port of Embarkation.Construction began in early 1942. Located inPiscataway Township, New JerseyandEdison Township, New Jerseyat40°31′00″N74°26′45″W,the closest city was New Brunswick located two miles to the south.Plainfieldwas located four miles north of the camp.New York City,about 22 miles to the northeast, could be reached by the mainline of thePennsylvania Railroad.A flyover loop crossing the four-track mainline (now the Amtrak NEC) allowed movements into the large train loading yards without interference with mainline traffic. Many troop embarkations would be at the New Jersey locations ofMilitary Ocean Terminal at Bayonneand Hoboken. The camp was also served by the Port Reading branch of the Reading Railroad and the Amboy branch of theLehigh Valley Railroad.

Camp Kilmer Map

The post was activated in June 1942and the first unit to arrive at Camp Kilmer was the332nd Engineer General Service Regiment,a complement of 1,239 enlisted men and 52 officers. The unit arrived July 22, 1942 on three separate trains fromCamp Claiborne,Louisiana.The buildings were constructed of wood and were painted bright contrasting colors for acamouflageeffect. This was similar to thedazzle camouflageused for ships in World War I. The camp primarily consisted of ten "Disposition Areas", or sets of barracks in which units and soldiers were assigned while awaiting transportation to Europe.

At Camp Kilmer troops sent personal effects home, received medical injections and the supplies needed before loading onto transport ships for travel to the European Theater of Operations. AfterV-E Day,the post was used to process troops returning from Europe, prior to sending them on to their local Personnel Center, Separation Center or Reception Station.The camp remained active until the fall of 1949 when it was no longer needed.

Post-war use and closure

A color guard from the 78th Division (Training) takes down the colors for the last time during the Kilmer U.S. Army Reserve Center's inactivation ceremony.

In the fall of 1950, withhostilities in Korea,the camp was reactivated. It was placed on inactive status again in June 1955, but continued to serve as discharge site for troops returning from Europe. In November 1956 it served as an initial place for housing for refugees from the1956 Hungarian Revolutionuntil June 1957. In March 1958, Camp Kilmer became Headquarters for theU.S. Army II Corps,the controlling headquarters forUnited States Army Reserveunits across the northeast. Camp Kilmer also housed a maintenance and repair facility supporting theNike/Herculesmissile sites in the greaterNew York metropolitan area.This facility included large, armored rooms with heavy blast doors where missile engines and conventional warheads were stored and maintained.

During theCold Warafter the failed1956 Hungarian Revolution30,000 refugees were resettled at Camp Kilmer. Many settled inNew Brunswick,which had a thrivingHungarian Americancommunity in itsFifth Ward.

In 1963, most of the 1600 acres was auctioned and sold to local governments, andRutgers University.The Livingston College campus currently sits on 540-acres acquired by Rutgers in 1964. By the 1960s much of the Camp's properties and land were dispersed. Today, there is a Vocational Training Center located at the site as well as housing and schools.Camp Kilmer

The concentration camp scenes for the 1964 movieThe Pawnbrokerwere filmed in the section of Camp Kilmer which had been used for the movement of prisoners-of-war.

Throughout the 1980s and 90s, the remnants of Camp Kilmer, then known as the Sergeant Joyce Kilmer Reserve Center, was the location for Headquarters,78th Division (TS)and for the Division's 1st Brigade (BCST) headquarters, both units of the US Army Reserve. The 78th Division (TS), nicknamed the "Lightning Division" or "Jersey Lightning", is the lineal descendant of the 78th Division of World War I and the 78th Infantry Division of World War II. The current 78th Division (TS) is responsible for conducting simulations exercises and field training for US Army Reserve and Army National Guard units across 14 states from North Carolina to the Canada–US border.

In the immediate aftermath of theSeptember 11th terrorist attacks,theFederal Emergency Management Agencycreated a temporary headquarters at the facility.

As of October 2009 the Sergeant Joyce Kilmer Reserve Center was closed as per the recommendation of theBase Realignment and Closure, 2005.The last tenant units relocated toFort Dix.In Fall 2014 the last section of Camp Kilmer was occupied by the Edison Township Public Works Department.

Areas surrounding the former base now belong toPiscataway Townshipor toRutgers Universityand many existent buildings and facilities were clearly part of the former Camp Kilmer. Portions of the World War II-era camp are still used by the EdisonJob Corps,including some of the original barracks, the chapel and post flag pole. The Edison Job Corps Center (Excess Land Sale Only) is on a High Value Asset List of fourteen properties that the United States Public Buildings Reform Board has recommended for disposal.A few extant structures are now occupied by theTimothy Christian School.The camp's post command headquarters building still exists, located at 35 Berrue Circle on Rutgers Livingston Campus in Piscataway, and used by the Rutgers Makerspace. As an "upgraded" military building, the building's lobby includes the original curved staircases and the cashier's pay windows.

Notable people

• New York Yankee starJoe DiMaggioand comedianRed Skelton,both serving with the Army, were temporarily assigned to the Camp. DiMaggio autographed baseballs for wounded soldiers and gave hitting and fielding lessons, while Skelton made unannounced visits to the hospital for his version of "laugh therapy." Numerous celebrities visited the camp to put on shows for the troops including Betty Grable, Benny Goodman and others.

Environmental hazard

The former environs of Camp Kilmer, and the current Kilmer Reserve Center, are soiled with numerous contaminants includingPAHs,VOCs,SVOCs,PCBs,asbestos,andheavy metalsaffecting groundwater, surface waters and sediment, as well as the soil.

Bibliography

• "Camp Kilmer" pamphlet. Camp Kilmer, NJ: Special Services Branch, 1945.

External links

• Camp Kilmer overviewat GlobalSecurity.org
• Digital recreation of pamphlet issued to troops billeted at Camp Kilmer
• Digital Archives of New Jersey History, Camp Kilmer information
• EPA report 2005
• Postcards from Camp Kilmer
• Camp Kilmer Online Exhibit from the National Archives at New York Cityfrom theNational Archives and Records Administration
• Map of Middlesex County, New Jersey shows the location of Camp Kilmer straddling the border between Edison Township (then known as Raritan Township) and Piscataway Township
• The short filmBig Picture: Operation Mercyis available for free viewing and download at theInternet Archive.
• National Archives at New York City, Camp Kilmer
• History: Camp Kilmer