Kannur
Kannur
Cannanore | |
|---|---|
Kannur Skyline Gandhi Circle | |
| Nickname(s): Land of looms and lores | |
  Kannur Kannur (Kerala)  Kannur Kannur (India)  Kannur Kannur (Asia)  Kannur Kannur (Earth) | |
| Coordinates:11°52′28.2″N75°22′13.4″E/ 11.874500°N 75.370389°E[2] | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Kannur |
| Taluk | Kannur |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Corporation |
| • Body | Kannur Municipal Corporation |
| • Mayor | Adv.T. O. Mohanan (Indian National Congress) |
| • District Collector | Shri T. V. Subhash IAS |
| • Commissioner of Police(City) | Sri. R. Ilango IPS |
| • Superintendent of Police (Rural) | Sri. Navneet Sharma IPS |
| •MLAs | Kadannapalli Ramachandran(Kannur) andK. V. Sumesh(Azhikode) |
| Area | |
| •Metropolis | 78.35 km2(30.25 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,003 km2(387 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 5 |
| Elevation | 38.78 m (127.23 ft) |
| Population | |
| •Metropolis | 232,486 |
| • Rank | 6 |
| • Density | 3,000/km2(7,700/sq mi) |
| •Metro | 1,640,986 |
| Demonym | Kannurkaran(Male)
Kannurkari(Female) Kannurkar(Plural) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Malayalam,English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30(IST) |
| PIN | 670001 |
| Telephonecode | +91497xxxxxxx |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-KL |
| Vehicle registration | KL-13 |
| Sex ratio | 1000:1090♂/♀ |
| Literacy rate | 96.23% |
| Lok Sabhaconstituency | Kannur |
| Niyamasabhaconstituencies | Kannur&Azhikode |
| International airport | Kannur International Airport |
| Website | www |
Kannur(Malayalam:[kɐɳːuːr]), formerly known in English asCannanore,is acityand a municipal corporation in the state ofKerala,India. It is the administrative headquarters of theKannur districtand situated 274 kilometres (170 mi) north of the major port city and commercial hubKochiand 137 kilometres (85 mi) south of the major port city and a commercial hub,Mangalore.During the period ofBritish colonial rule in India,when Kannur was a part of theMalabar District(Madras Presidency), the city was known as Cannanore. Kannur is the sixth largest urban agglomeration in Kerala.[4]As of 2011 census,Kannur Municipal Corporation,the local body which administers mainland area of city, had a population of 232,486.[1][5]
Kannur was the headquarters ofKolathunadu,one of the four most important dynasties on theMalabar Coast,along with theZamorin of Calicut,Kingdom of CochinandKingdom of Quilon.TheArakkal kingdomhad right over the city of Kannur andLaccadive Islandsin the late medieval period.[6]Kannur municipality was formed on 1 November 1866 by the Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns Act 1850)[7]of theBritish Indian Empire,along with the municipalities ofThalassery,Kozhikode,PalakkadandFort Kochi,making them the first modern municipalities in the state. It was upgraded into a municipal corporation in 2015.
Kannur Cantonmentis the only cantonment board in Kerala.[8]TheIndian Naval AcademyatEzhimalais Asia's largest, and the world's third-largest, naval academy.[9][non-primary source needed]Muzhappilangad beachis the longest drive-in beach in Asia and appeared among the top six best beaches for driving in the world in aBBCTop Geararticle.[10]DuringBritish rule,Kannur's chief importance laid in producingThalassery pepper.
History
[edit]
Pre-history and Ancient era
[edit]The earliest evidence of human habitation in the region are rock-cut caves and megalithic burial sites of theNeolithicage. TheTaliparamba-Kannur-Thalasseryarea abounds in rock-cut caves,dolmens,burial stone circles andmenhirs,all ofmegalith.Kannur District was the seat of powerful kingdom based atEzhimalain theSangam period(1st–5th century CE). The ancient port ofNaura,which is mentioned in thePeriplus of the Erythraean Seaas a port somewhere north ofMuzirisis identified with Kannur.[11]Pliny the Elder(1st century CE) states that the port ofTyndiswas located at the northwestern border ofKeprobotos(Chera dynasty).[12]The region, which lies north of the port atTyndis,was ruled by the kingdom ofEzhimaladuring theSangam period.[13]
According to thePeriplus of the Erythraean Sea,a region known asLimyrikebegan atNauraandTyndis.However thePtolemymentions onlyTyndisas theLimyrike's starting point. The region probably ended atKanyakumari;it thus roughly corresponds to the present-dayMalabar Coast.The value of Rome's annual trade with the region was estimated at around 50,000,000sesterces.[14]Pliny the Eldermentioned thatLimyrikewas prone by pirates.[15]TheCosmas Indicopleustesmentioned that theLimyrikewas a source of peppers.[16][17]
The kingdom ofEzhimalahad jurisdiction over twoNadus – The coastalPoozhinaduand the hilly easternKarkanadu.According to the works ofSangam literature,Poozhinaduconsisted much of the coastal belt betweenMangaloreandKozhikode.[18]Karkanaduconsisted ofWayanad-Gudalurhilly region with parts ofKodagu(Coorg).[19]It is said that Nannan, the most renowned ruler ofEzhimaladynasty, took refuge atWayanadhills in the 5th century CE when he was lost toCheras,just before his execution in a battle, according to theSangam works.[19]
Early Middle Ages
[edit]According toKerala Muslimtradition, Kannur along with surroundingMadayiandDharmadomwere home to three of theoldest mosquesin theIndian subcontinent.According to theLegend of Cheraman Perumals,the first Indian mosque was built in 624 AD at Kodungallur with the mandate of the last the ruler (the Cheraman Perumal) ofChera dynasty,who left fromDharmadomtoMeccaand converted toIslamduring the lifetime ofMuhammad(c. 570–632).[20][21][22][23]According toQissat Shakarwati Farmad,theMasjidsatKodungallur,Kollam,Madayi,Barkur,Mangalore,Kasaragod,Kannur,Dharmadam,Panthalayani,andChaliyam,were built during the era ofMalik Dinar,and they are among the oldestMasjids in theIndian subcontinent.[24]It is believed thatMalik Dinardied atThalangarainKasaragodtown.[25]
Ezhimala kingdom was succeeded byMushika dynastyin the early medieval period, most possibly due to the migration ofTuluva BrahminsfromTulu Nadu.TheMushika-vamshaMahakavya,written byAthulain the 11th century, throws light on the recorded past of theMushika Royal Familyup until that point.[26]The Indian anthropologistAyinapalli Aiyappanstates that a powerful and warlike clan of theBunt communityofTulu Naduwas calledKola Bariand the Kolathiri Raja of Kolathunadu was a descendant of this clan.[27]The kingdom ofKolathunadu,who were the descendants ofMushika dynasty,at the peak of its power reportedly extended fromNetravati River(Mangalore) in the north[26]toKorapuzha(Kozhikode) in the south withArabian Seaon the west andKodaguhills on the eastern boundary, also including the isolated islands ofLakshadweepin theArabian Sea.[18]
AnOld Malayalaminscription (Ramanthali inscriptions), dated to 1075 CE, mentioning king Kunda Alupa, the ruler ofAlupa dynastyofMangalore,can be found atEzhimalanear Kannur.[28]TheArabicinscription on a copper slab within theMadayi Mosquein Kannur records its foundation year as 1124 CE.[29]In his book on travels (Il Milione),Marco Polorecounts his visit to the area in the mid 1290s. Other visitors includedFaxian,the Buddhist pilgrim andIbn Batuta,writer and historian ofTangiers.TheKolathunaduin the late medieval period emerged into independent 10 principalities i.e.,Kadathanadu(Vadakara),Randatharaor Poyanad (Dharmadom),Kottayam(Thalassery),Nileshwaram,Iruvazhinadu (Panoor,Kurumbranadetc., under separate royal chieftains due to the outcome of internal dissensions.[30]TheNileshwaramdynasty on the northernmost part ofKolathiridominion, were relatives to both Kolathunadu as well as theZamorinofCalicut,in the early medieval period.[31]
Kannur was an important trading center in the 12th century, with active business connections withPersiaandArabia.The port atKozhikodeheld the superior economic and political position in medieval Kerala coast, while Kannur,Kollam,andKochi,were commercially important secondary ports, where the traders from various parts of the world would gather.[32]
Era of European influences
[edit]Kannur served as theEast India Company militaryheadquarters on India's west coast until 1887.[4]The modern town is referred to as Kannur Town. Kannur, as a district and surrounding areas, were mostly ruled by the famousKolathiri Rajas.When the state of Kerala was formed the district took the name Kannur since the administrative offices were established here. Before that, Kannur was the headquarters ofChirakkaltalukofMalabar Districtin theMadras Presidency.During the period ofCompany rule in India,theEast India Companypreferred Madras and Cochin as their major stations and Kannur started to lose its old glory. The people of Kannur are still waiting for their old glory to get back and they feel they are being sidelined because the state administration is located the exact opposite side of the state. Part of the original city of Kannur was under Kerala's only Muslim Royalty called the Arakkal and this area is still known as city.
The Portuguese explorerVasco da Gamaarrived atKappadKozhikodein 1498 during theAge of Discovery,thus opening a direct sea route from Europe to South Asia.[33]In 1501 a Portuguese factory was planted here byPedro Álvares Cabral,and in 1502 da Gama made a treaty with the Raja.[4]TheSt. Angelo Fortat Kannur was built in 1505 by DomFrancisco de Almeida,the first Portuguese Viceroy of India. The Dutch captured the fort from the Portuguese in 1663. They modernised the fort and built the bastions Hollandia, Zeelandia, and Frieslandia that are the major features of the present structure. The original Portuguese fort was pulled down later. A painting of this fort and the fishing ferry behind it can be seen in the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. The Dutch sold the fort to king Ali Raja of Arakkal in 1772.
During the 17th century, Kannur was the capital city of the onlyMuslimSultanate in Kerala, known asArakkal,who also ruled theLaccadive Islandsin addition to the city of Kannur.[34]Arakkal KingdomandChirakkal kingdomwere two vassal kingdoms based in the city of Kannur. The island ofDharmadomnear Kannur, along withThalassery,was ceded to theEast India Companyas early as 1734, which were claimed by all of theKolattu Rajas,Kottayam Rajas,Mannanar[35]andArakkal Bibiin the late medieval period, where the British initiated a factory and English settlement following thecession.[36][30]Then the East India Companycaptured the fort Kannurin 1790 and used it as one of their major military stations on theMalabar Coast.During the period ofBritish colonial rule,Kannur was part of theMadrasprovince in theMalabarDistrict.
In 1761, the British capturedMahé,and the settlement was handed over to the ruler ofKadathanadu.[37]The British restoredMahéto the French as a part of the 1763 Treaty of Paris.[37]In 1779, the Anglo-French war broke out, resulting in the French loss ofMahé.[37]In 1783, the British agreed to restore to the French their settlements in India, andMahéwas handed over to the French in 1785.[37]
Initially the British had to suffer local resistance against their rule under the leadership ofKerala Varma Pazhassi Raja,who had popular support inThalassery-Wayanadregion.[11]The guerrilla war launched byPazhassi Raja,the ruler of Kottayam province, against the East India Company had a huge impact on the history of Kannur. Changes in the socio-economic and political sectors in Kerala during the initial decades of the 20th century created conditions congenial for the growth of the Communist Party. Extension of English education initiated by Christian missionaries in 1906 and later carried forward by government, rebellion for wearing a cloth to cover upper parts of body, installing an idol at Aruvippuram in 1888, Malayali Memorial in 1891, establishment of SNDP Yogam in 1903, activities, struggles etc. became factors helpful to accelerate changes in Kerala society during a short time. These movements eventually coalesced into theIndian independence movement.
Very soon, ideas about socialism andSoviet Revolutionreached Kerala. Such ideas got propagated in Kerala through the works ofSwadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai,Sahodaran Ayyappan,P. Kesavadevand others. By the beginning of the 1930s, some other useful developments were taking place. Important among them was Nivarthana Agitation in Travancore. That was the demand of people suppressed so far as untouchables and weaker sections for participation in government. This brought to the forefront struggles like proportional representation in government and reservation of jobs. This imparted a new enthusiasm among oppressed masses.[38]
-
-
A portrait of Kannur drawn in 1572, fromGeorg BraunandFrans Hogenberg's atlasCivitates orbis terrarum,Volume I
Geography and climate
[edit]
Kannur has an elevation of 1.02 metres or 3.3 feet along the coast of theLaccadive Sea,with a sandy coastal area. The city has an 8 kilometres (5.0 mi)-long seashore and a 3 kilometres (1.9 mi)-long beach atPayyambalam.Kannur is located north ofKozhikode,south ofKasargodandMangalore,west of theWestern Ghatregions ofKodaguandWayanad,and east of theLaccadive Sea.Mappila Bayharbour atAyikkara.On one side, there isSt. Angelo Fort(built in 1505) and on the other side isArakkal palace.Muzhappilangad Beach,the longest Drive-in Beach in Asia, is located in Kannur. Vayalapra Lake is nearMadayi.
Climate
[edit]Kannur experiences a very wettropical monsoon climate(Amunder theKöppen climate classification.) In the months of April and May, the average daily maximum temperature is about 35 °C (95 °F). Temperatures are moderate in December and January: about 24 °C or 75.2 °F. Like other areas on theMalabar Coast,this city receives heavy rainfall during theSouthwest monsoon.The annual average rainfall is 3,438 millimetres or 135 inches, around 68 per cent of which is received in summer.[39]
| Climate data for Kannur (1981–2010, extremes 1978–2012) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 36.7 (98.1) |
37.6 (99.7) |
38.5 (101.3) |
38.3 (100.9) |
37.7 (99.9) |
36.8 (98.2) |
33.0 (91.4) |
33.2 (91.8) |
34.0 (93.2) |
35.0 (95.0) |
37.0 (98.6) |
35.8 (96.4) |
38.5 (101.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 33.1 (91.6) |
33.6 (92.5) |
34.2 (93.6) |
34.4 (93.9) |
33.5 (92.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
29.2 (84.6) |
29.4 (84.9) |
30.4 (86.7) |
31.2 (88.2) |
32.4 (90.3) |
32.9 (91.2) |
32.0 (89.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.5 (70.7) |
22.4 (72.3) |
24.2 (75.6) |
25.6 (78.1) |
25.3 (77.5) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.1 (73.6) |
23.1 (73.6) |
23.3 (73.9) |
23.4 (74.1) |
23.0 (73.4) |
21.9 (71.4) |
23.4 (74.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 16.4 (61.5) |
17.8 (64.0) |
19.0 (66.2) |
21.7 (71.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.4 (68.7) |
20.7 (69.3) |
20.9 (69.6) |
19.4 (66.9) |
17.8 (64.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.7 (0.03) |
0.6 (0.02) |
23.8 (0.94) |
52.9 (2.08) |
229.4 (9.03) |
995.2 (39.18) |
830.5 (32.70) |
541.2 (21.31) |
230.3 (9.07) |
270.1 (10.63) |
117.3 (4.62) |
28.1 (1.11) |
3,320.1 (130.72) |
| Average rainy days | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 2.8 | 7.7 | 23.7 | 25.5 | 21.8 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 4.9 | 1.1 | 111 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%)(at 17:30IST) | 63 | 64 | 66 | 67 | 71 | 84 | 86 | 84 | 81 | 78 | 73 | 65 | 73 |
| Source:India Meteorological Department[40][41] | |||||||||||||
Civic administration
[edit]
Kannur municipality was formed on 1 November 1866 according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850)[7]of theBritish Indian Empire,along with the municipalities ofThalassery,Kozhikode,Palakkad,andFort Kochi,making them the first modern municipalities in the state. It was upgraded into aMunicipal Corporationin the year 2015.[42]
The city is administered by theKannur Municipal Corporation,headed by a mayor. The corporation is headed by a Mayor and council, and manages 78.35 km2of Kannur city, with a population of about 232,486 within that area.[43][44]For administrative purposes, the city is divided into 55wards,from which the members of the corporation council are elected for five years.Kannur Municipal Corporationis divided into six zones: Kannur town,Pallikunnu,Puzhathi,Edakkad,Elayavoor,andChelora.[42]
| Kannur Municipal Corporation | |
|---|---|
| Mayor | Adv. T. O. Mohanan[45] |
| Deputy Mayor | K. Shabeena[46] |
| Secretary | D. Saju[47] |
| Member of Parliament | K. Sudhakaran[48] |
| District Collector | T. V. Subhash IAS[49] |
| City Police Commissioner | R. Ilango IPS[50] |
Kannur Corporation is the fifth City Corporation in Kerala after the creation of the state. Established in 2015, Kannur Corporation's first mayor was E. P. Latha.[51]Kannur corporation has two assembly constituencies –KannurandAzhikode– both of which are part ofKannurparliamentary constituency.
Kannur Municipal Corporation Election 2020
[edit]| S.No. | Party Name | Party symbol | Number of Councillors |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | UDF |  |
34 |
| 02 | LDF |  |
19 |
| 03 | BJP |  |
01 |
| 04 | Independents |  |
01 |
Kannur Municipal Corporation Election 2015
[edit]| S.No. | Party Name | Party symbol | Number of Councillors |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | UDF | |
27 |
| 02 | LDF | |
27 |
| 03 | Independents | |
01 |
Law and order
[edit]The Kannur City Police is headed by a commissioner, anIndian Police Service(IPS) officer. The city is divided into some zones each under a circle officer. Apart from regular law and order, the city police comprise the traffic police, bomb squad, dog squad, fingerprint bureau, women's cell, juvenile wing, narcotics cell, riot force, armed reserve camps, district crime records bureau and a women's station.[54]It operates several police stations functioning under the Home Ministry ofGovernment of Kerala.
Demographics
[edit]Religions in Kannur City(2011)
source:Kannur City Census 2011 data
According to the 2011 census of India,[55]Kannur city has a population of 232,486.[1][42][2][3]Males constitute 46.2% of the population and females 53.8%. Kannur has an average literacy rate of 96.23%, higher than the national average of 74.04%. Male literacy is 98% and female literacy is 94%. In Kannur, 12% of the population is under six years of age.
TheAnglo-Indiancommunity in Kannur live mainly in theKannur Cantonmentof Burnacherry and its surrounding areas of Thillery, No.3 Bazaar and Camp Bazaar.Malayalamis the administrative and local language.
Education
[edit]
Indian Naval Academyis situated inEzhimala,Kannur. Naval cadets are trained here in 2500 acres vast campus. Kannur District has fiveKendriya Vidyalayaat Kannur, Keltron Nagar, Payyanur, Ezhimala, and Thalassery, Peringome.
Kannur Universitywas established by Act 22 of 1996 of theKerala Legislative Assembly.The university by the name "Malabar University" had come into existence earlier by the promulgation of an ordinance by the governor of Kerala, on 9 November 1995. The university was inaugurated on 2 March 1996 byA. K. Antony,theChief Minister of Kerala.The objective of theKannur UniversityAct 1996 was to establish in the state of Kerala a teaching, residential and affiliating university so as to provide for the development of higher education inKasargodandKannurrevenue districts and theMananthavadyTaluk ofWayanaddistrict.Kannur Universityis a multi-campus university.
Government Brennen College,the first college in Kannur, established in the year 1862, provide education to more than 2500 students.Government College of Engineering, Kannurwas established in 1986 nearDharmasala, Kannuras a center for imparting engineering education in northern Kerala.[56]The college is among the top ten engineering colleges of the state, providing higher studies in the field of technical education.
TheGovernment Medical College, Kannurwas established in 1993 atPariyaramto serve Kannur city and surroundings. The thirteenthNational Institute of Fashion Technology(NIFT) Campus is located atDharmashala, Kannur16 km (9.9 mi) north of Kannur City.
Media
[edit]
Many local cable television channels are available in Kannur. The most popular cable channels are City Channel, City Gold, City Juke, Network Channels, Zeal Network, Kannur Vision, World Vision, Worldvision Music, Chakkarakkal, Gramika channel Koothuparamba and Kannurone.
All India Radiois broadcast in Kannur at 101.5 MHz. Private FM radio stations in Kannur include:Radio Mango91.9 (Malayala Manorama Co Ltd),Club FM 94.3(Mathrubhumi Printing And Publishing Co Ltd),Red FM93.5 (Sun Network) andBest FM95.0 (Asianet Communications Ltd).
A number of newspapers are published from Kannur, including theMalayala Manorama,Mathrubhumi,Madhyamam,Deshabhimani,Deepika,Rashtra Deepika,Chandrika,Kerala Kaumudi,Mangalam,Janmabhumi,Veekshanam,Thejas,Siraj,Suprabhaatham,JanayugomandThe New Indian Express.
Kannur Cuisine
[edit]
The Kannur cuisine depicts it culture and heritage. It is famous forMalabar biriyani.The city of is also famous forHaluvacalled asSweet Meatby Europeans due to the texture of the sweet. Another speciality isbanana chips,which are made crisp and wafer-thin. Other popular dishes include seafood preparations (prawns, mussels, mackerel). Vegetarian fare includes thesadya.
Kannur cuisine is a blend of traditionalKerala,Persian,YemeneseandArabfood culture.[57]This confluence of culinary cultures is best seen in the preparation of most dishes.[57]Kallummakkaya(mussels)curry,irachi puttu(irachimeaning meat),parottas(soft flatbread),[57]Pathiri(a type of rice pancake)[57]andgheerice are some of the other specialties. The characteristic use of spices is the hallmark of Kannur cuisine—black pepper,cardamomandcloveare used profusely.
The Kerala version ofbiryani,popularly known askuzhi mandiinMalayalamis another popular item, which has an influence fromYemen.Various varieties ofbiriyanislikeThalasserybiriyani,and Kannurbiriyani,[58]are prepared here.[57]
The snacks includeunnakkaya(deep-fried, boiled ripe banana paste covering a mixture of cashew,raisinsand sugar),[59]pazham nirachathu(ripe banana filled withcoconutgrating,molassesor sugar),[59]muttamalamade ofeggs,[57]chatti pathiri,a dessert made of flour, like a baked, layeredchapatiwith rich filling,arikkadukka,[60]and more.[57]
Transportation
[edit]
Kannur has a good road network connecting toMangalore,Bangalore,Mysore,KodaguandCochin.Therailway stationis also well connected to all parts of India. The Kannur International Airport which is about 26 km from the city began operations on 9 December and is the fourth international airport in the state. Other nearby airports are atCalicut,MysoreandMangalore. Kannur is onNational Highway 66orNH 66(formerly National Highway 17) betweenKozhikodeandMangalore.This highway is scheduled to be expanded to four lanes. A bypass for Kannur city is proposed under the NH widening project. Kannur is connected toKodagu,MysoreandBangalorein Karnataka by the Kannur-Coorg-MysoreHighway. This highway is upgraded to National Highway in 2017.
Kannur railway stationis one of the major stations of theSouthern Railway zone,under the jurisdiction of thePalakkad.All trains including theThiruvananthapuram Rajdhani ExpressandKochuveliGarib Rathstop at Kannur. Six daily trains and around 15 weekly or bi-weekly trains connect Kannur to the capitalThiruvananthapuram.Kannur is well connected through rail withMangaloreandKozhikode.[61][62] Kannur Southrailway station andEdakkadrailway stations are located under Kannur Corporation limits. Chirakkal railway station is located north of the city. Only passenger trains halt at these three stations.
Kannur International AirportinMattanurinaugurated on 9 December 2018. It is the fourth international airport in Kerala. The airport has a 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) runway[63](the longest in the State) and state of the art passenger terminal as well other amenities. It is well connected by a comprehensive network of roads and a proposal for railway line has also been mooted. In the 2016–17 Union Railway budget,₹4 billion(US$48 million) were dedicated for under Extra Budgetary Resource (EBR) in which a part of the bill will be borne by the State Government towards the railway line.
Notable people
[edit]Literature:Sukumar Azhikode,Oyyarathu Chandu Menon,Cherusseri Namboothiri,N. Prabhakaran,T. Padmanabhan,T. K. D. Muzhappilangad
Sports:Manuel Frederick,Jimmy George,V. P. Sathyan,Denson Devadas,C. K. Vineeth,Sahal Abdul Samad,Tintu Luka,Chundangapoyil Rizwan Political leaders:M. V. Raghavan,Pinarayi Vijayan,K. Karunakaran,E. K. Nayanar,K. K. Shailaja,E. Ahamed,Kodiyeri Balakrishnan,E. P. Jayarajan,Kadannappalli Ramachandran,K. Sudhakaran
Actors:Sreenivasan, M. N. Nambiar,Malavika Mohanan,Samvrutha Sunil,Mamta Mohandas,Vineeth,Vineeth Kumar,Deepak Parambol,Sanusha,Sanoop Santhosh,Nikhila Vimal,Nivetha Thomas,Sreekala Sasidharan,Sneha Paliyeri,Anju Aravind,Athmiya Rajan,Sruthi Lakshmi,Parvathy Nambiar,Ganapathi S Poduval,Madonna Sebastian,Sana Khan,Santhosh Keezhattoor
Filmmakers:Bejoy Nambiar,Salim Ahamed,Vineeth Sreenivasan,Dhyan Sreenivasan
Music (Composers):Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri,Kannur Rajan,Deepak Dev,Ifthi,Shaan Rahman, Sushin Shyam,Sayanora Philip
Music (Playback singers):Vineeth Sreenivasan,Shaan Rahman,Sushin Shyam,Sayanora Philip,Arun Alat
Cinematographer:K. U. Mohanan
Dancer:Shamna Kasim
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^abcd"Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011"(PDF).Population of the urban local bodies in Kerala (2011).Government of Kerala.Retrieved4 December2020.
- ^abchttp:// kudumbashree.org› sub-district
- ^abKannur Metropolitan Urban Region Population 2011–2021 Census
- ^abcChisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911)..Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 184.
- ^KNR_DEC-Newsletter (December 2018)."Kannur Municipal Corporation"(PDF).Kannur Municipal Corporation Newsletter.
- ^Logan, William (2006).Malabar Manual.Calicut: Mathrubhumi Books.ISBN978-81-8264-046-7.
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