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Canon Inc.
Native name
キヤノン kabushiki gaisha
Kyanon kabushiki gaisha
Company typePublicKK
IndustryElectronics
Founded10 August 1937;86 years ago(1937-08-10)(as Precision Optical Industry Co. Ltd. [Tinh cơ quang học viện nghiên cứu,Seikikōgaku kenkyūsho])
Tokyo,Japan
Founder
  • Goro Yoshida
  • Saburo Uchida
  • Takeo Maeda
HeadquartersShimomaruko,
Ōta, Tokyo
,
Japan
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Fujio Mitarai(Chairman&CEO)
Products
RevenueIncrease¥4.03 trillion(US$30.31 billion) (2022)[1]
Increase¥353.4 billion(US$2.66 billion) (2022)[1]
Increase¥352.4 billion(US$2.65 billion) (2022)[1]
Total assetsIncrease¥5.1 trillion(US$38.31 billion) (2022)[1]
Total equityIncrease¥3.11 trillion(US$23.41 billion) (2022)[1]
Number of employees
184,034 (2021)[2]
DivisionsOffice Business Unit, Consumer Business Unit, Industry and Others Business Unit
Subsidiaries
Websiteglobal.canon

Canon Inc.(Japanese:キヤノン kabushiki gaisha;[note 1]Hepburn:Kyanonkabushiki gaisha) is a Japanesemultinational corporationheadquartered inŌta,Tokyo,specializing in optical, imaging, and industrial products, such aslenses,cameras,medical equipment,scanners,printers,and semiconductor manufacturing equipment.[4]

Canon has a primary listing on theTokyo Stock Exchangeand is a constituent of theTOPIXCore 30 andNikkei 225indexes. It used to have a secondary listing on theNew York Stock Exchange.

Name[edit]

The company was originally namedSeikikōgaku kenkyūsho(Japanese:Tinh cơ quang học viện nghiên cứu,lit. 'Precision Optical Laboratory'). In 1934, it produced theKwanon,a prototype for Japan's first-ever 35 mm camera with a focal-plane-based shutter.[5]In 1947, the company name was changed toCanon Camera Co., Inc.,[5]shortened toCanon Inc.in 1969. The name Canon comes from BuddhistbodhisattvaKannon(Japanese:Quan âm,lit. 'Guanyin'), previously transliterated as Kuanyin, Kwannon, or Kwanon in English.[citation needed]

History[edit]

1933–1970[edit]

The origins of Canon date back to the founding ofPrecision Optical Instruments Laboratoryin Japan in 1933[5]byTakeshi Mitarai,Goro Yoshida[jp],Saburo Uchida[jp]andTakeo Maeda[jp].It became the companyPrecision Optical Instruments, Co., Ltd.in 1937.[5]During its early years, the company did not have any facilities to produce its own optical glass, and its first cameras incorporatedNikkorlenses from Nippon Kogaku K.K. (the laterNikon Corporation).[6]

Between 1933 and 1936, 'The Kwanon', a copy of theLeicadesign, Japan's first 35 mm focal-plane-shutter camera, was developed in prototype form.[7]In 1940 Canon developed Japan's first indirect X-ray camera. Canon introduced a fieldzoom lensfortelevision broadcastingin 1958, and in 1959 introduced the Reflex Zoom 8 and theCanonflex.

In 1961, Canon introduced the Rangefinder camera,Canon 7,and 50mm 1:0.95 lens in a special bayonet mount. In 1964 Canon introduced the 'Canola 130', the first Japanese made 10-keycalculator,a substantial improvement on the design of the BritishBell Punchcompany, which introduced the first fully electronic calculator two years earlier with the Sumlock Anita Mark 8 unit. In 1965 Canon introduced theCanon Pellix,asingle lens reflex(SLR) camera with a semi-transparent stationary mirror which enabled the taking of pictures through the mirror.

  • A logo from 1934 depicting Bodhisattva Kwan'on
    A logo from 1934 depictingBodhisattvaKwan'on
  • Kwanon camera (replica) with the Kasyapa lens
    Kwanon camera (replica) with the Kasyapa lens
  • Hansa Canon with the Nikkor 50mm f/3.5 lens
    Hansa Canon with theNikkor50mm f/3.5 lens
  • Canon 7 with the Canon 50mm f/0.95 lens
    Canon 7 with the Canon 50mm f/0.95 lens
  • Canon Canonet QL G-III 17
    Canon Canonet QL G-III 17
  • Canon Pellix
    Canon Pellix

1970–2009[edit]

In 1971, Canon introduced theCanon F-1,a high-end SLR camera, and theFD lens range.In 1976, Canon launched theCanon AE-1,the world's first camera with an embedded micro-computer.[8]

Canon introduced theirInkjet printerusing bubble-jet technology in 1985, one year after Hewlett-Packard. In 1987, Canon introduced theirCanon Electro-Optical System(EOS), named after the goddess of the dawn, along with theCanon EOS 650autofocus SLR camera. Also in 1987, the Canon Foundation was established. In 1988, Canon introduced 'Kyosei philosophy'.[9]The EOS 1 Flagship Professional SLR line was launched in 1989.[10]In the same year the EOS RT, the world's first AF SLR with a fixed, semi-transparent pellicle mirror, was unveiled.

In 1992, Canon launched theCanon EOS 5,the first-ever camera with eye-controlled AF, and the PowerShot 600, its first digital camera.[11]In 1995, Canon introduced the first commercially available SLR lens with internal image stabilization,Canon EF 75-300mm lensf/4-5.6 IS USM. The Canon EOS-RS was the world's fastest AF SLR camera with a continuous shooting speed of 10 frame/s at the time. Based on the EOS-1N, the EOS-1N RS had a fixed, semi-transparent pellicle mirror with a hard coat. In 1996, Canon introduced a pocket-sized digital camera with theAdvanced Photo System,named ELPH in America and IXUS in Europe. Canon entered the digital video camcorder market in 1997.[12]

In 2004, Canon introduced the XEED SX50 LCD projector.[13]Canon introduced its first high-definitioncamcorderin 2005.[14]

In November 2009, Canon made a €730 million (US$1.1 billion) all-cash offer for the Dutch printer makerOcé.[15]Canon had acquired majority ownership of Océ by March 2010,[16]and completed the acquisition of 100% of shares in Océ by the end of 2011.[17]


  • A Canon F1
    A Canon F1
  • A Canon AE-1
    A Canon AE-1
  • A Canon AV-1
    A Canon AV-1
  • A Canon EOS 650
    A Canon EOS 650
  • An original Canon Digital IXUS
    An original Canon Digital IXUS

2010–2019[edit]

In 2010, Canon acquired Tereck Office Solutions, Inc.[18]

On 16 March 2010, Canon announced that it was seeking to acquire a new.canongeneric top-level domain,acquiring it in February 2015 and using it for the first time on its global website in May 2016.[19][20]

In the third quarter of 2012, Canon's global market share in the sale of printers, copiers and multifunction devices was 20.90%.[21]

In early 2013, Canon USA moved into a new US$500 million headquarters inMelville, New York.[22][23]

In February 2014, Canon announced it would acquireTexas-based Molecular Imprints Inc., a developer of nanoprint lithography systems, for an amount speculated to be around US$98 million.[24]

On 13 June 2014, Canon announced it had acquired Danish IP Surveillance VMS software company Milestone Systems. Milestone provides open-platform software to allow video management from various vendors in a single interface; therefore the company will operate as a separate entity.[25]

On 10 February 2015, Canon announced that it had intentions to buy Swedish Security Camera makerAxis Communicationsfor US$2.83 billion.[26]On 23 February 2015, Axis Communications reacted to this news and confirmed that it had received a purchase proposal from Canon. The purchase was effectively completed in April 2015.[27]

On 24 April 2015, Canon Europe announced it had acquired the London-based family photo sharing startup Lifecake.[28][29]

In November 2015, in an effort to avoid the selling of gray-market camera gear, Canon USA filed litigation against a number of camera gear retailers. Retailers include Get It Digital, All New Shop and F&E Trading.[30]

In March 2016, Canon acquiredToshiba Medical Systems Corporationfor US$5.9 billion.[31]

On 28 March 2017, Canon Europe announced it had acquired the London-based printing startup Kite.[32][33]

On 2 April 2019, Canon introduces two new UHDgc 2/3-inch Portable Zoom Lenses designed For 4K UHD Broadcast Cameras.[34]

2020–present[edit]

In July 2020, Canon recorded its first ever quarterly loss due to theCOVID-19pandemic.[35]

In September 2020,Fujitsuannounced that it would provide Canon with aFujitsu Supercomputer PRIMEHPC FX1000unit, to assist with its no-prototype development manufacturing initiative.[36]

In December 2020, Canon concluded its photographic-equipment print-ad series named "Wildlife as Canon Sees It". This series of ads began in 1981 inNational Geographicmagazine.[37]

In October 2023, Canon introduced its newnanoimprint lithographymanufacturing systems, which it claims are simpler and more affordable thanASML'sextreme ultraviolet lithographysystems. The system prints the desired circuit pattern onto the silicon wafer bypassing photolithography and can produce circuits equivalent to 5nmscale.[38][39]

Products[edit]

See also:List of Canon products

Canon's products includecameras(includingcompact digital camera,video camera,film SLRanddigital SLR),camcorders,lenses,broadcastingequipment and solutions (such asfree viewpointsolution), professional displays,projectors,manufacturing equipment (includingphotolitographyequipment such assteppers,scanners),printers,photocopiers,image scanners,digitalmicrofilm scanners,fax machines,binoculars,microscopes,medical equipment (including diagnostic systems such asultrasound,X-ray,CTandMRIscanners andophthalmic equipment),CCTVsolutions,image sensors,calculators,high precision positioning and measurement devices (such asrotary encoders), custom optical components,handy terminals,mixed realitysystems, software, andspace satellites.[40][41]

Digital cameras[edit]

Main articles:Canon PowerShot,Canon PowerShot G,Canon Digital IXUS,Canon EOS,Canon EF lens mount,Canon EF-S lens mount,Canon EF-M lens mount,andCanon RF lens mount

Canon has been manufacturing and distributing digital cameras since 1984, starting with the RC-701. The RC series was followed by the PowerShot and Digital IXUS series of digital cameras. Canon also developed the EOS series ofdigital single-lens reflex cameras(DSLR) which includes high-end professional models.

Due to consumers switching from compact cameras tosmartphones,Canon's Q1 2013 operating profit fell 34 percent year-on-year.[42]

Flash units[edit]

Main article:Canon EOS flash system

Canon produces a range of high-output flash units for its DSLR cameras, including the 270EX II, 320EX, 430EX II, 430EX III-RT, 470EX-AI, 580EX, 580EX II, 600EX-RT, 600EXII-RT, EL-1, and EL-5 Speedlites. Canon also produces macro flash units, including the Macro Twin Lite and the Macro Ring Lite.

Camcorders[edit]

Main article:List of Canon camcorders

CMOS Image sensor[edit]

Canon designs and manufacturesCMOSimage sensors in-house for its imaging products and it has three dedicated fabs inJapan.In 2016, Canon, the fifth-largestimage sensormanufacturer in the world, decided to start selling the sensors to other companies.[43]However, it does not plan to sellsmartphoneimage sensors to focus on the niche markets such as industrial and space observation.

Although Canon had withdrawn from the so-called 'pixel countrace' in the 2000s, it has been on the cutting edge as to the image sensor resolution in recent years. A demo of a 250MP image sensor was revealed in 2015[44]and reported to be launched in 2020. In 2018, Canon launched a 120MP image sensor as a part of its latest BtoB offerings.[45]

Printers[edit]

For many years, Canon was the principal maker of the print engines found in industry-standard laser printers. The first models ofApple LaserWriterand the equivalent products made by HP used the Canon LBP-CX engine. The next models (LaserWriter II series, LaserJet II series) used the Canon LBP-SX engine. Later models used the Canon LBP-LX, LBP-EX, LBP-PX engines and many other Canon print engines.

Following Canon's acquisition of the Dutch digital printing manufacturerOcéin 2010, Canon continued to develop and manufacture printing systems, initially under the Océ brand name. On 1.1.2020 the company Océ was officially renamedCanon Production Printing.[46]

Canon has been sued over intentionally designing all-in-one printers that cannot scan when the printer is low on ink.[47]Canon settled the lawsuit in 2023 without admitting guilt.[47]

  • A Canon wide-format printer
    A Canon wide-format printer
  • A Canon large-format printer
    A Canon large-format printer
  • Canon i-Sensys MF237w
    Canon i-Sensys MF237w

Digital copiers[edit]

Canon's largest division in terms of revenue is its multifunction copier division. Canon distributes its consumer and home office imageCLASS line though retail outlets and professional-grade imageRUNNER series through subsidiary Canon Solutions America and independent distributors. The professional-grade series ranges from small table tops to large digital presses.

Scanners[edit]

Canon manufactures a wide range offlatbed scanners,film scannersanddocument scannersfor home and business use, including theCanon CanoScan 8800F.Some of its scanners employ LED inDirect Exposure (LiDE) technology, such that USB port is sufficient to power the scanner, and no additional power is required.

Current printers use the proprietary BJNP protocol (USB over IP port 8611).

  • A Canon CanoScan 9950F scanner
    A Canon CanoScan 9950F scanner
  • A Canon CanoScan LiDE40
    A Canon CanoScan LiDE40

Calculators[edit]

Canon produced a range of calculators in various applications, including handheld calculators, desktop calculators, printing calculators and scientific calculators. One model was the 1964 Canola 130. It had 13 digits, a result of marketing research. The reason for the odd number of figures was based on selling it to the Japanese central bank. Given the low value of the Japanese Yen, 13 digits was a requirement of the banks.

The calculator was built by germanium transistors and the display was a light pipe which gave an odd format.[48]

Projectors[edit]

Canon produces a range of projectors.[49]

Presenters[edit]

Canon offers a range of wireless presenters, from advanced greenlaserpresenters with back-lit screen display to basic red laser presentation clickers.

Virtual reality headset[edit]

Canon is developing a prototypevirtual realityheadset (Canon VR). The headset offers a wider viewing angle (120°) than other VR devices but requires handles rather than a head strap. The headset is not yet available on the market.[50]As of 2020, Canon produces and sells high-end AR (augmented reality) headsets for enterprise users.[51]

Manufacturing equipment[edit]

Canon is one of the world's top producers of semiconductor and display manufacturing equipment. Its subsidiaryCanon Tokkidominates the market of material deposition equipment, and instruments for manufacturingOLEDdisplays. Canon is also the leading manufacturer of displayphotolithographyequipment and one of the top 3 in the semiconductor lithography machine market. Once a leader of semiconductor lithography along withNikon,it has been dwarfed byASML,and as of 2017 its share in the overall market was less than 5%. Still, Canon maintains a great presence in the i-line stepper market.[citation needed]

Discontinued products[edit]

Computers[edit]

Main article:Canon Computer Systems

Canon introduced twoMSX home computermodels in 1983, the V-10 and theV-20.Both offered just the minimum range of the MSX standards without any additional features. The V-20 was able to receive shooting data from the T90 Canon camera with the Data Memory Back T90 expansion.

Canon also sold a Canon AS100 PC[52]for which you could get a color or monochrome display computer, shortly after the release of theIBM PC.It was based on theIntel 8088processor and usedCP/MorMS-DOS.Options included an 8 MB hard drive.[53]

Operations[edit]

As of 2020, Canon is organized into four principal business segments:[54]

  1. the Office Business Unit (the products of which include copying machines, digital production printers, large format inkjet printers, laser printers and multi-function devices);
  2. the Imaging System Business Unit (the products of which include broadcasting equipment, calculators, compact digital cameras, digital SLR cameras, digital video camcorders, image scanners, interchangeable lenses, inkjetmultifunction printersand single function inkjet printers);
  3. the Medical System Business Unit (the products of which include a broad range of medical equipment, such asophthalmic equipment,CT,ultrasound scanners,andMRI); and,
  4. the Industry and Others Business Unit (the products of which include computers, handy terminals, magnetic heads, micromotors, flat panel display lithography equipment, semiconductor lithography equipment, and network cameras).

Canon Inc.has 383 subsidiaries as of 31 June 2017. The number includes second-generation subsidiaries, for example,Canon IT Solutions Inc.

Canon's world headquarters is located at 30-2 Shimomaruko 3-chome, Ota-ku, Tokyo 146–8501, Japan. Canon has regional headquarters in America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, Japan, Asia and Oceania (including Australia & New Zealand). Canon Europe has two principal subsidiaries: Canon Europa NV (based inAmstelveen, Netherlands) and Canon Europe Ltd. (based inUxbridge, UK).

On 26 December 2003, Canon Inc. announced restructuring plans for three domestic Canon Group companies. The restructuring involved the merger of two companies and the spinning off of one.[55]

Canon generated total revenues of US$45,608 million in 2011, of which 53.9% was by the Office Business Unit, 36.9% by the Consumer Business Unit and 11.8% by the Industry and Others Business Unit.[56][note 2]In the same year, 31.3% of revenues were generated in Europe, 27.0% in the Americas, 22.2% in Asia and Oceania (excl. Japan) and 19.5% in Japan.[56]

Canon invested a total of US$3,946 million in research and development in 2011, equivalent to 8.7% of sales.[56]In 2011, Canon was granted 2,813 patents in the United States, the third-highest number of any company (afterIBMandSamsung Electronics).[56]

  • Canon world headquarters in Tokyo
    Canon world headquarters in Tokyo
  • The Canon Marketing building in Makuhari, Japan
    The Canon Marketing building in Makuhari, Japan
  • The Canon S Tower in Konan, Minato, Tokyo
    The Canon S Tower in Konan, Minato, Tokyo
  • Canonhuset in Frösunda, Sweden
    Canonhuset in Frösunda, Sweden

Environmental record[edit]

A report by the environmental organization Clean Air-Cool Planet puts Canon at the top of a list of 56 companies the survey conducted on climate-friendly companies.[57]

AE-1 Film Camera. AE stood for Automatic Exposure.

Canon has also launched three new calculators in Europe, called "Green Calculators", which are produced in part from recycled Canon copiers.[58]

The Canon Group has an environmental charter which looks at "offering products with a lower environmental burden through improvements inresource efficiency,while eliminating anti-social activities that threaten the health and safety of mankind and the environment ".[59]In 2020, Canon joinedWIPO GREENas an official partner in an effort to address climate change.[60]

Charitable activities[edit]

In 2008, Canon donated financial support to help the estimated 5 million people displaced by the earthquake that hit China's Sichuan province in May 2008.[61]RMB 1 million was donated to the Red Cross Society of China shortly after the earthquake. Canon Inc., Japan, soon followed with a donation of RMB 10 million.[61]

Sponsorships[edit]

Canon sponsoredWilliams FW14.

In 1983, Canon came as the first title sponsors of the English football leagueThe Football League,which was named The Canon League from 1983 to 1986, when the sponsorship was taken over by theTodaynewspaper. Canon also sponsored Italian football clubHellas Verona FCbetween 1982 and 1986[62]including during the1984–85 Serie Awhich they won.

From 1967 to 2003 Canon sponsored the Greater Hartford Open, nowTravelers Championship.

InFormula One,Canon sponsoredWilliamsbetween 1985 and 1993, while they won World Drivers Championships forNelson Piquet(1987),Nigel Mansell(1992) andAlain Prost(1993) and Four World Constructors Championships (1986, 1987, 1992, 1993). In the2009 Singapore Grand Prix,Canon sponsoredBrawn GP.

Between 1994 and 1997 they also sponsored theSouth Sydney Rabbitohs.

Since 2006, Canon has been helping the Red Cross provide support to 13 Red Cross National Societies across Europe, with focus on youth projects. Support from Canon includes financial contributions and donations of imaging equipment, including cameras, copying machines and digital radiography devices, as well as volunteer activities.[63]

Canon Europe has been a partner ofWorld Press Photofor 16 years. World Press Photo promotes the professional standards in photography; organises the largest international contest for professional photojournalists; and acts as a worldwide platform for press photography.[64]

Canon Asia sponsored many competitions such asCanon Photomarathonand reality TV showPhoto Face-Off.The latter is a reality TV show in which professional photographerJustin Mottis the judge and competes against amateur photographers.Justinstarted filmingseason 3in April 2016 and that season aired at the end of that same year.[65]

Buildings of Canon

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^The Japanese pronunciation isKyanon(キャノン), although the name is written asKiyanon(キヤノン). This is due to the consideration of maintaining a balanced and visually appealing arrangement of characters. Usingキャノン(Kyanon) would result in a gap above theャcharacter, creating a perception of a void or gap, which is avoided by usingKiyanon.[3]
  2. ^Percentages do not add up to 100% due to eliminations used in consolidated accounting.

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External links[edit]

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