Tetrao
| Tetrao Temporal range:Early Plioceneto recent
| |
|---|---|
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| Western capercaillie(Tetrao urogallus) | |
Scientific classification
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Galliformes |
| Family: | Phasianidae |
| Tribe: | Tetraonini |
| Genus: | Tetrao Linnaeus,1758 |
| Type species | |
| Tetrao urogallus Linnaeus, 1758
| |
| Species | |
Tetraois a genus of birds in thegrousesubfamily known ascapercaillies.They are some of the largest living grouse. Feathers from the bird were used to create the characteristic hat of thebersaglieri,an Italian ace infantry formation.
Taxonomy
[edit]ThegenusTetraowas introduced in 1758 by the Swedish naturalistCarl Linnaeusin thetenth editionof hisSystema Naturae.[1]The genus name is theLatinword for a game bird, probably ablack grouse.[2]The black grouse was included by Linnaeus in the genusTetraobut is now placed in the genusLyrurus.[1][3]Thetype specieswas designated as thewestern capercaillie(Tetrao urogallus) byGeorge Robert Grayin 1840.[4][5]
Species
[edit]The genus contains two species:[3]
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Western capercaillie
|
Tetrao urogallus Linnaeus, 1758 Eight subspecies
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Europe to western Russia
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Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
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| Black-billed capercaillie
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Tetrao urogalloides Middendorff, 1853 Two subspecies
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eastern Russia as well as parts of northern Mongolia and China | Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
Thefossil recordof this genus is extensive:
- †Tetrao conjugens(Early Pliocene of C Europe)
- †Tetrao rhodopensis(Early Pliocene of Dorkovo, Bulgaria)
- †Tetrao partium(Early Pliocene - Early Pleistocene of SE Europe)
- †Tetrao macropus(Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene of Hungary)
- †Tetrao praeurogallus(Early - Middle Pleistocene of E Europe)
References
[edit]- ^abLinnaeus, Carl(1758).Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 159.
- ^Jobling, James A. (2010).The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names.London: Christopher Helm. p. 383.ISBN978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^abGill, Frank;Donsker, David;Rasmussen, Pamela,eds. (July 2021)."Pheasants, partridges, francolins".IOC World Bird List Version 11.2.International Ornithologists' Union.Retrieved23 August2021.
- ^Gray, George Robert(1840).A List of the Genera of Birds: with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus.London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 62.
- ^Peters, James Lee,ed. (1934).Check-List of Birds of the World.Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 24.
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