Carl Nebel

Carl Nebel(18 March 1805 – 4 June 1855) was aGermanengineer, architect and draughtsman,best known for his detailed paintings andlithographic printsmade from them of the Mexican landscape and people during the battles of theMexican–American War.

Biography

Scott's Entry to thePlaza de la Constitución

Nebel was born inAltona,today a part ofHamburg.After studies inHamburgand Paris, he travelled toAmerica,where he was a resident ofMexicofrom 1829 until 1834. In 1836, he published in Paris his renowned illustrated work on that country—Voyage pittoresque et archéologique dans la partie la plus intéressante du Méxique,with 50lithographsmade from his paintings, twenty of which were hand-colored, and an introduction byAlexander von Humboldt.

In 1851, he published together with journalistGeorge Wilkins Kendallsome of his paintings of the events of theMexican–American Warin the bookThe War between the United States and Mexico Illustrated.Kendall had been a war correspondent and saw the opportunity to publish a major account of the war. The two came to an agreement to collaborate as the war was ending, Kendall having apparently been familiar with Nebel's earlier work. While Kendall went to Paris to cover events in 1848, Nebel remained in Mexico for an unknown length of time to complete the initial sketches for the book's illustrations. Nebel had returned to Hamburg, and Kendall chafed at the slowness of completion of the project, but it was completed in 1850 and published in 1851. The book contained twelve color lithographs done byAdolphe Jean-Baptiste Bayotand was printed byJoseph-Rose Lemercier,a leading lithographer.In both cases, Nebel's illustrations were enhanced by his making use of the newest printing developments in France, especially techniques for adding color to the prints.The prints from the Mexican war series were distributed in several different formats, as a single print, as a set of 12, a portfolio with text, and in the bound, folio-sized book.

The most famous in the Mexican war series is his depiction of GeneralWinfield Scott's 1847 entry to the main squareZócaloof Mexico City, with the U.S. flag flying over theNational Palace.It is almost identical to his illustration done a decade and a half before. The war scene Nebel presents is closer to the reality on the ground, where the conquering U.S. forces were not welcomed by the resident population, particularly by a street person (lépero) about to hurl a rock at the invaders.Although Kendall's text and Nebel's illustrations attempt to be true to the accounts of battle, there is no evidence that either one was at theBattle of Buena Vista,located in a remote part of northern Mexico.Kendall was a correspondent and saw theBattle of Molino del Rey,but Nebel was not. The battle is often not depicted in contemporary illustrations, but Nebel did two different views of it.

Gallery

• 
  Las Tortilleras,published 1836
• 
  Sierra Indians, published 1836
• 
  The hacienda owner and his mayordomo,published 1836
• 
  Mina de Veta Grande, published 1836
• 
  Battle of Palo Alto
• 
  Capture of Monterrey
• 
  Battle of Buena Vista
• 
  Battle of Veracruz
• 
  Battle of Cerro Gordo
• 
  Battle of Contreras
• 
  Battle of Churubusco
• 
  Battle of Molino del Rey
• 
  Battle of Chapultepec,Pillow's actions
• 
  Battle of Chapultepec, Quitman's actions

Further reading

• Aguilar Ochoa, "The Visual Adventures of an Itinerant Painter" inArtes de México.No. 80, "Carl Nebel: Nineteenth-Century Itinerant Painter", August 2006, pp. 67–70.
• Diener, Pablo. "Picturesque Mexico" inArtes de México.No. 80, "Carl Nebel: Nineteenth-Century Itinerant Painter", August 2006, pp. 74–77.
• López Luján, Leonardo. "Mesoamerican Archeology in Carl Nebel's Work" inArtes de México.No. 80, "Carl Nebel: Nineteenth-Century Itinerant Painter", August 2006, pp. 70–74.
• Mayer, Roberto. "Bibliographic Curiosity" inArtes de México.No. 80, "Carl Nebel: Nineteenth-Century Itinerant Painter", August 2006, p. 80.
• Orellana, Margarita de. "Views from Afar and from Up Close" inArtes de México.No. 80, "Carl Nebel: Nineteenth-Century Itinerant Painter", August 2006, p. 66.
• Tyler, Ron. "A Great American Book: The War between the United States and Mexico, Illustrated" inArtes de México.No. 80, "Carl Nebel: Nineteenth-Century Itinerant Painter", August 2006, pp. 77–80.

External links

• Media related toCarl Nebelat Wikimedia Commons