Jump to content

Carolyn Porco

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Carolyn Porco
Born(1953-03-06)March 6, 1953(age 71)
Bronx, New York,U.S.
Alma materCalifornia Institute of Technology
Stony Brook University
Known forLeader ofCassiniImaging Team; Discoveries aboutSaturnsystem; Member ofVoyagerImaging Team; Expert inPlanetary ringsandEnceladus;The Day the Earth Smiled;Science communicator & public speaker; Film consultant.
AwardsPorco asteroid;Lennart Nilsson Award(2009); AASCarl Sagan Medal(2010); Caltech Distinguished Alumni Award (2011);Time25 Most Influential People in Space (2012)
Scientific career
FieldsPlanetary science
Imaging science
InstitutionsCassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations,University of Colorado at Boulder
Doctoral advisorPeter Goldreich

Carolyn C. Porco(born March 6, 1953) is an Americanplanetary scientistwho explores the outerSolar System,beginning with her imaging work on theVoyagermissions toJupiter,Saturn,UranusandNeptunein the 1980s. She led the imaging science team on theCassinimission in orbit around Saturn.[1]She is an expert on planetary rings and the Saturnian moon,Enceladus.

She has co-authored more than 110 scientific papers on subjects ranging from thespectroscopyof Uranus and Neptune, the interstellar medium, thephotometryof planetary rings, satellite/ring interactions, computer simulations of planetary rings, the thermal balance ofTriton'spolar caps, heat flow in the interior of Jupiter, and a suite of results on the atmosphere, satellites, and rings of Saturn from theCassiniimaging experiment.[2]In 2013, Cassini data[3]confirmed a 1993 prediction[4]by Porco and Mark Marley that acoustic oscillations within the body of Saturn are responsible for creating particular features in the rings of Saturn.

Porco was founder ofThe Day the Earth Smiled.She was also responsible for the epitaph and proposal to honor the renowned planetary geologistEugene Shoemakerby sending hiscremainsto theMoonaboard theLunar Prospectorspacecraft in 1998.[5][6]

A frequent public speaker, Porco has given two popular lectures at TED[7][8]as well as the opening speech forPangea Day,a May 2008 global broadcast coordinated from six cities around the world, in which she described the cosmic context for human existence.[9]Porco has also won a number of awards and honors for her contributions to science and the public sphere; for instance, in 2009,New Statesmannamed her as one of 'The 50 People Who Matter Today.'[10]

In 2010, Porco was awarded theCarl Sagan Medal,presented by theAmerican Astronomical Societyfor Excellence in the Communication of Science to the Public.[11]In 2012, she was named one of the 25 most influential people in space byTimemagazine.[12]

Early life and education[edit]

Porco was born inNew York City.She graduated in 1970 fromCardinal Spellman High Schoolinthe Bronx,New York City.

She earned aB.S.degree in Earth and Space Sciences fromStony Brook Universityin 1974.[13]She received herPh.D.degree in Planetary Sciences in 1983 from theCalifornia Institute of Technologyin the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences.[14]Supervised by dynamicistPeter Goldreich,she wrote her doctoral dissertation focused on Voyager discoveries in the rings of Saturn.[15]

Career[edit]

Voyager[edit]

In the fall of 1983, Porco joined the faculty of the Department of Planetary Sciences at theUniversity of Arizona;the same year she was made a member of theVoyagerImaging Team. In the latter capacity, she was an active participant in theVoyager 2encounters withUranusin 1986 andNeptunein 1989, leading the Rings Working Group within the Voyager Imaging Team during the Neptune encounter.

Porco was the first person to describe the behavior of the eccentric ringlets and the "spokes" discovered by Voyager within the rings of Saturn; to elucidate the mechanism by which the outer Uranian rings were being shepherded by the Voyager-discovered moonsCordeliaandOphelia;and to provide an explanation for the shepherding of the rings arcs of Neptune by the moonGalatea,also discovered by Voyager. She was a co-originator of the idea to take a 'portrait of the planets' with theVoyager 1spacecraft, and participated in the planning, design, and execution of those images in 1990, including the famousPale Blue Dotimage of Earth.[16]

Cassini–Huygens[edit]

In November 1990, Porco was selected as the leader of the Imaging Team for theCassini-Huygensmission,an international mission that successfully placed a spacecraft in orbit around Saturn and deployed the atmosphericHuygensprobe to Saturn's largest satellite, Titan.[1]She is also the Director of the Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations (CICLOPS), which was the center of uplink and downlink operations for theCassiniimaging science experiment and the place whereCassiniimages are processed for release to the public.[2]CICLOPS is part of theSpace Science InstituteinBoulder, Colorado.

In the course of the ongoing mission, Porco and her team have discovered seven moons of Saturn:MethoneandPallene,[17]Polydeuces,[18]Daphnis,[19]Anthe,[20]Aegaeon,[21]and a small moonlet in the outer B ring.[22]They also found several new rings, such as rings coincident with the orbits ofAtlas,JanusandEpimetheus(the Saturnian 'co-orbitals') and Pallene; a diffuse ring between Atlas and theF ring;and new rings within several of the gaps in Saturn's rings.[23]

In 2013,Cassinidata confirmed a 1993 prediction by Porco and Mark Marley that acoustic oscillations within the body of Saturn are responsible for creating particular features in the rings of Saturn.[3][4]This confirmation, the first to demonstrate that planetary rings can act like a seismograph in recording oscillatory motions within the host planet, should provide new constraints on the interior structure of Saturn. Such oscillations are known to exist in the sun[24]as well as other stars.[25]

Porco's team was responsible for the first sighting of a hydrocarbon lake, as well as a lake district, in the south polar region ofTitanin June 2005.[26](A group of similar – and larger – features were sighted in the north polar region in February 2007.)[27]The possibility that these sea-sized features are either completely or partially filled with liquid hydrocarbons is significantly strengthened by subsequent observations by otherCassiniinstruments.[28]

Her team was also responsible for the first sighting of plumes erupting fromEnceladus,Saturn's sixth largest moon. They first suggested, and provided detailed scientific arguments, that these jets might be geysers erupting from reservoirs of near-surface liquid water under the south pole of the small moon.[29]

New Horizons[edit]

Porco was a member of the imaging team for theNew Horizonsmission toPlutoand theKuiper Beltthrough 2014. The probe made its Pluto flyby in 2015.

The Day the Earth Smiled[edit]

See also:The Day the Earth Smiled

As theCassiniimaging team lead, Porco initiated and planned the capture of a picture of Saturn with the Earth in the distance on July 19, 2013,[30]an image along the lines of the famousPale Blue Dotphoto.[31]The taking of the image was part of a larger concept entitledThe Day The Earth Smiled,in which people the world over were invited to celebrate humanity's place in the cosmos and life on Earth by smiling the moment the picture was taken.[32]

University positions[edit]

Porco served in the faculty of the University of Arizona from 1983 to 2001, achieving tenured professorship in 1991. She taught both graduates and undergraduates and was one of five finalists for the University of Arizona Honors CenterFive Star Faculty Award,a campus-wide student-nominated, student-judged award for outstanding undergraduate teaching.

Porco is a senior research scientist at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colorado, and she is an adjunct professor at theUniversity of Colorado at Boulder.

NASA advisor[edit]

Porco has been an active participant in guiding the American planetary exploration program through membership on many importantNASAadvisory committees, including the Solar System Exploration Subcommittee, the Mars Observer Recovery Study Team, and the Solar System Road Map Development Team. In the mid-1990s, she served as the chairperson for a small NASA advisory working group to study and develop future outer solar system missions and she served as the Vice Chairperson of the Steering Group for the first Solar System Decadal Survey, sponsored by NASA and theNational Academy of Sciences.

Public speaking[edit]

Porco speaks frequently on theCassinimission and planetary exploration in general, and has appeared at renowned conferences such as PopTech 2005[33]andTED(2007, 2009).[7][8]She attended and was a speaker at theBeyond Beliefsymposium in November 2006.[34][35]

Porco's 2007 TED talk, "The Human Journey," detailed two major areas of discovery made by theCassinimission: the exploration of the Saturnian moons Titan and Enceladus. In her introductory remarks, Porco explained:

So the journey back to Saturn is really part of, and is also a metaphor for, a much larger human voyage.

In describing the environment of Titan, with its molecularnitrogenatmosphere suffused with organic compounds, Porco invited her audience to imagine the scene on the moon's surface:

Stop and think for a minute. Try to imagine what the surface of Titan might look like. It's dark: high noon on Titan is as dark as deep Earth twilight on the Earth. It's cold, it's eerie, it's misty, it might be raining, and you are standing on the shores ofLake Michiganbrimming withpaint thinner. That is the view that we had of the surface of Titan before we got there withCassini.And I can tell you that what we have found on Titan, though not the same in detail, is every bit as fascinating as that story is, and for us, forCassinipeople, it has been like aJules Verneadventure come true.

After describing various features discovered on Titan byCassini,and presenting the historic first photograph of Titan's surface by theHuygenslander, Porco went on to describe Enceladus and the jets of "fine icy particles" which erupt from the moon's southern pole:

...we have arrived at the conclusion that these jets may, they may, be erupting from pockets of liquid water near, under the surface of Enceladus. So we have, possibly, liquid water, organic materials and excess heat. In other words we have possibly stumbled upon theholy grailof modern-day planetary exploration, or in other words an environment that is potentially suitable for living organisms. And I don't think I need to tell you that the discovery of life elsewhere in our Solar system, whether it be on Enceladus or elsewhere, would have enormous cultural and scientific implications. Because if we could demonstrate thatgenesishad occurred – not once but twice, independently, in our Solar system – then that means by inference it has occurred a staggering number of times throughout our Universe in its 13.7 billion year history.

Porco's 2009 TED Talk was "Could a Saturn moon harbor life?".[8]

She was a speaker at the 2016Reason Rally.[36]

Television and film[edit]

Porco has been a regularCNNguest analyst and consultant on astronomy, has made many radio and television appearances explaining science to the lay audience, including appearances on the MacNeil/LehrerNewshour,CBS's60 Minutes,Peter Jennings'sThe Century,and TV documentaries on planetary exploration such asThe Planetson theDiscovery Channeland theBBC,A Traveler's Guide to the Planetson theNational Geographic Channel,Horizonon the BBC, and a Nova Cassini special onPBS.For the 2003A&Especial on the Voyager mission entitledCosmic Journey: The Voyager Interstellar Mission and Message,Porco appeared onscreen and also served as the show's science advisor and animation director.

Porco served as an adviser for the 1997 filmContact,which was based on the 1987novel of the same nameby the well-known astronomerCarl Sagan.The actressJodie Fosterportrayed the heroine in the movie, and Sagan reportedly suggested that she use Porco as a real-life model to guide her performance.[37]

Porco was also an adviser on the 2009 filmStar Trek.The scene in which theEnterprisecomes out of warp drive into the atmosphere of Titan, and rises submarine-style out of the haze, with Saturn and the rings in the background, was Porco's suggestion.[38][39]

Porco was a guest on the BBC'sStargazing LiveSeries 4 in January 2014. She also appeared inThe Farthest,a 2017 documentary on theVoyager program.

Interviews and articles[edit]

Porco has given numerous interviews in print media on subjects ranging from planetary exploration to the conflict between science and religion (for example,Newsweek[40][41]and the journalThe Humanist[42]).

She has been profiled many times in print, beginning in theBoston Globe(October 1989),[43]The New York Times(August 1999, September 2009),[37][44]theTucson Citizen(2001),[45]Newsday(June 2004), for theRoyal Astronomical Society of Canada(2006), inAstronomy Now(2006), inDiscover Magazine(2007),[46]and also online on CNN (2005)[47]and Edge.org.[48]

Prior toCassini's launch, she was a strong and visible defendant of the usage of radioactive materials on theCassinispacecraft.[44]She is a supporter of a plan for human spaceflight toward theMoonandMars,and in an op-ed piece published inThe New York Times,[49]she highlighted the benefits of a deep-space-capable heavy launch vehicle for the robotic exploration of the Solar System. Porco has advocated for prioritizing the exploration ofEnceladusoverEuropa.[50]

Other[edit]

Popular science articles by Porco have been published inThe Sunday Times,Astronomy,theArizona Daily Star,Sky & Telescope,American Scientist,andScientific American.She is active in the presentation of science to the public as the leader of the Cassini Imaging Team, as the creator/editor of the website whereCassiniimages are posted. She writes the site's homepage "Captain's Log" greeting to the public.[51]She is an atheist.[52]

She is also the CEO ofDiamond Sky Productions,a small company devoted to the scientific, as well as artful, use of planetary images and computer graphics for the presentation of science to the public.

Awards and honors[edit]

In 1999, Porco was selected byThe Sunday Times(London) as one of 18 scientific leaders of the 21st century,[53]and byIndustry Weekas one of 50 Stars to Watch.[54]In 2008 she was chosen to be onWiredmagazine's inaugural 'Smart List: 15 People the Next President Should Listen To.'[55]

Her contributions to the exploration of the outer Solar System were recognized with the naming of Asteroid(7231) Porcowhich is "Named in honor of Carolyn C. Porco, a pioneer in the study of planetary ring systems...and a leader in spacecraft exploration of the outer solar system."[56]

In 2008, Porco was awarded theIsaac Asimov Science Awardby theAmerican Humanist Association.[57]

In May 2009, Porco received an HonoraryD.Sc.degree fromStony Brook University,[58][13]of which she is analumna.

In September 2009, Porco was awarded TheHuntington Library's Science Writer Fellowship for 2010.[59]That same month,New Statesmannamed her as one of 'The 50 People Who Matter Today.'[10]

In October 2009, she andBabak Amin Tafreshiwere each awarded the 2009Lennart Nilsson Awardin recognition of their photographic work. The award panel's citation for Porco reads as follows:

Carolyn Porco combines the finest techniques of planetary exploration and scientific research with aesthetic finesse and educational talent. While her images, which depict the heavenly bodies of the Saturn system with unique precision, serve as tools for the world's leading experts, they also reveal the beauty of the universe in a manner that is an inspiration to one and all.[60]

In October 2010, Porco was awarded the 2010Carl Sagan Medalfor Excellence in the Communication of Science to the Public, presented by the American Astronomical Society's Division for Planetary Sciences.[11]

In 2011 she won the Distinguished Alumni Award from the California Institute of Technology, the highest honor regularly bestowed by Caltech.[61]

In 2012, Porco was named one of the 25 most influential people in space byTimemagazine.[12]

Porco received theSikkens Prize[nl]for her "exceptional contribution to a realistic and colourful image of the universe" in 2020, which was presented on October 2, 2022.[62]

Musical interests[edit]

Porco (at right) re-enacting the famous Beatles photograph atAbbey Roadwith the other members of the Cassini Imaging Team.

Porco is fascinated by the 1960s andThe Beatlesand has, at times, incorporated references to The Beatles and their music into her presentations, writings, and press releases. She visited 20 Forthlin Road, Liverpool, Paul McCartney's teenage home, after it opened as a Beatles Museum in 1995. The first color image released byCassinito the public was an image of Jupiter, taken duringCassini's approach to the giant planet and released on October 9, 2000, to honorJohn Lennon's 60th birthday.[63]In 2006, she produced and directed a brief 8-minute movie of 64 ofCassini's most spectacular images,[64]put to the music of the Beatles, in honor ofPaul McCartney's 64th birthday. And in 2007, she produced a poster showing 64 scenes from Saturn.[65][66]

Porco is also interested in dance and fascinated withMichael Jackson.In August 2010, she won a Michael Jackson costume/dance contest held in Boulder, Colorado.[67]

Quotes of Porco's were used in the production of "The Poetry of Reality (An Anthem for Science)", "A Wave of Reason", "Children of Africa (The Story of Us)", and "Onward to the Edge!" bySymphony of Science.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ab"Cassini Solstice Mission: Team Members".JPL.RetrievedApril 3,2013.
  2. ^ab"Cassini Imaging Team Science Results".CICLOPS.Archived fromthe originalon July 13, 2011.RetrievedJanuary 6,2012.
  3. ^abHedman, M. M.; Nicholson, P. D. (2013). "Kronoseismology: Using density waves in Saturn's C ring to probe the planet's interior".The Astronomical Journal.146(1): 12.arXiv:1304.3735.Bibcode:2013AJ....146...12H.doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/1/12.S2CID119109859.
  4. ^abMarley, M. S.; Porco, C. C. (1993). "Planetary Acoustic Mode Seismology: Saturn's Rings".Icarus.106(2): 508–524.Bibcode:1993Icar..106..508M.doi:10.1006/icar.1993.1189.
  5. ^Porco, C. C. (February 2000)."Destination Moon"(PDF).Astronomy.pp. 52–55.
  6. ^Porco, C. C. (April 13, 2006)."Eugene M. Shoemaker: A Tribute".CICLOPS.RetrievedJanuary 6,2012.
  7. ^abPorco, C. C. (March 2007)."This is Saturn".TED.Archived fromthe originalon February 26, 2014.RetrievedJanuary 6,2012.
  8. ^abcPorco, C. C. (February 2009)."Could a Saturn Moon Harbor Life?".TED.Archived fromthe originalon February 22, 2014.RetrievedJanuary 6,2012.
  9. ^"Pangea Day Intro".YouTube.May 10, 2008.Archivedfrom the original on December 12, 2021.RetrievedJanuary 6,2012.
  10. ^ab"The 50 people who matter today: 31-40".New Statesman.September 24, 2009.RetrievedJanuary 6,2012.
  11. ^ab"Cassini Imaging Leader Honored With American Astronomical Society Carl Sagan Award".CICLOPS.RetrievedAugust 22,2013.
  12. ^abBjerklie, D. (Fall 2012)."The 25 Most Influential People in Space"(PDF).TIME.pp. 88–99. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on May 15, 2013.
  13. ^ab"Retiring SBU President Shirley Strum Kenny Confers Degrees At Her Final Commencement Ceremony".Stonybrook.edu.Stony Brook University.
  14. ^"Caltech Commencement Program"(PDF).Caltech Campus Publications. June 10, 1983.RetrievedMarch 29,2013.
  15. ^Thesis Carolyn Porco: Voyager Observations of Saturn's Rings. 1. The Eccentric Rings at 1.29, 1.45, 1.95 and 2.27 Rs.2. The Periodic Variation of Spokes- website of the Library of Caltech
  16. ^Sagan, C. (1997).Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space.Ballantine Books.ISBN978-0-345-37659-6.
  17. ^Porco, C. C. (2004)."S/2004 S 1 and S/2004 S 2".IAU Circular.8389:1.Bibcode:2004IAUC.8389....1P.Archived fromthe originalon March 27, 2012.
  18. ^Porco, C. C. (2004)."Satellites and Rings of Saturn".IAU Circular.8432:1.Bibcode:2004IAUC.8432....1P.
  19. ^Porco, C. C. (2004)."S/2005 S 1".IAU Circular.8524:1. Archived fromthe originalon March 27, 2012.
  20. ^Porco, C. C. (2007)."S/2007 S 4".IAU Circular.8857:1.Bibcode:2007IAUC.8857....2P.
  21. ^Porco, C. C. (2009). "S/2008 S 1".IAU Circular.9023:1.Bibcode:2009IAUC.9023....1P.
  22. ^Porco, C. C. (2009). "S/2009 S 1".IAU Circular.9091:1.Bibcode:2009IAUC.9091....1P.
  23. ^Porco, C. C. (February 2005). "Cassini Imaging Science: Initial Results on Saturn's Rings and Small Satellites".Science.307(5713): 1226–1236.Bibcode:2005Sci...307.1226P.CiteSeerX10.1.1.368.2642.doi:10.1126/science.1108056.PMID15731439.S2CID1058405.
  24. ^Hiremath, K. M. (2013). "Seismology of the Sun: Inference of Thermal, Dynamic and Magnetic Field Structures of the Interior".New Trends in Atomic and Molecular Physics.Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics. Vol. 76. pp. 317–341.arXiv:1210.0467.doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38167-6_19.ISBN978-3-642-38166-9.S2CID118407803.
  25. ^"Astroseismology".National Optical Astronomy Observatory.March 26, 1996.RetrievedMay 7,2013.
  26. ^"Land of Lakes?".National Optical Astronomy Observatory.CICLOPS. June 28, 2005.RetrievedJanuary 6,2012.
  27. ^"Exploring the Wetlands of Titan".CICLOPS. March 17, 2007.RetrievedJanuary 6,2012.
  28. ^Di Justo, P. (March 28, 2007)."Meet Carolyn Porco, the Scientist Who Made Saturn a Rock Star".Wired.RetrievedAugust 22,2013.
  29. ^Porco, C. C.;Helfenstein, P.; Thomas, P. C.; Ingersoll, A. P.; Wisdom, J.; West, R.; Neukum, G.; Denk, T.; Wagner, R. (March 10, 2006)."Cassini Observes the Active South Pole of Enceladus"(PDF).Science.311(5766): 1393–1401.Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1393P.doi:10.1126/science.1123013.PMID16527964.S2CID6976648.
  30. ^"The Day the Earth Smiled mosaic".Archived fromthe originalon November 26, 2018.RetrievedDecember 7,2013.
  31. ^Madrigal, Alexis (November 12, 2013)."The Carl Sagan of Our Time Reprises the 'Pale Blue Dot' Photo of Earth".The Atlantic.RetrievedDecember 7,2013.
  32. ^"The Day The Earth Smiled".RetrievedJuly 2,2013.
  33. ^"Carolyn Porco".PopTech: People.Brooklyn, New York, United States: PopTech. Archived fromthe originalon June 26, 2012.RetrievedFebruary 23,2013.
  34. ^"Beyond Belief 2006: Science, Religion, Reason and Survival".Thesciencenetwork.org.RetrievedJanuary 6,2012.
  35. ^A Free-for-All on Science and Religion,The New York Times,November 21, 2006.
  36. ^"Speakers".Reason Rally.September 4, 2015. Archived fromthe originalon March 14, 2017.RetrievedFebruary 19,2017.
  37. ^abOverbye, Dennis (September 22, 2009)."An Odyssey From the Bronx to Saturn's Rings".The New York Times.RetrievedApril 28,2010.
  38. ^Pascale, Anthony."Exclusive Interview With Carolyn Porco – Star Trek's New Science Advisor".TrekMovie.RetrievedApril 3,2013.
  39. ^Kevin Grazier(April 27, 2008)."Cinema Boffin Interview: Carolyn Porco Talks 'Star Trek XI'".Cinema Boffin. Archived fromthe originalon October 6, 2008.
  40. ^Adler, Jerry (September 10, 2006)."The New Naysayers".Newsweek.RetrievedApril 3,2013.
  41. ^Adler, Jerry (November 9, 2006)."Losing Our Religion".Newsweek.RetrievedApril 3,2013.
  42. ^"Science and Spirituality: An Interview With Carolyn Porco". Vol. 68. The Humanist. January–February 2008.
  43. ^Chandler, David L. (October 2, 1989). "Seeking the Truth Amid the Rings".The Boston Globe.
  44. ^abNiethammer, Carolyn."Carolyn Porco: Cassini Scientist Yielded to the Seduction of Space".The New York Times.RetrievedApril 3,2013.
  45. ^Tobin, Mitch (January 2, 2001)."Cassini scientist leaving UA".Tucson Citizen.Archived fromthe originalon October 10, 2014.RetrievedApril 3,2013.
  46. ^Weinstock, Maia (Winter 2007). "Planetary Paparazzo: Carolyn Porco". Discover Magazine's Unseen Universe.
  47. ^"Astronomer's 'cosmic connection' to Saturn".Cnn. February 15, 2005.RetrievedJanuary 6,2012.
  48. ^"Carolyn Porco profile on the Edge.org website".Edge.org.RetrievedJanuary 6,2012.
  49. ^Porco, Carolyn (February 20, 2007)."NASA Goes Deep".The New York Times.RetrievedJanuary 6,2012.
  50. ^Berger, Eric (July 5, 2018)."Senior scientist argues that we should bypass Europa for Enceladus".Ars Technica.Archived fromthe originalon July 5, 2018.
  51. ^"Ciclops".Ciclops.RetrievedJanuary 6,2012.
  52. ^Somma, Ryan (July 1, 2010).Enlightenment Living.Ryan Somma. pp. 160–161.ISBN9780984146536.RetrievedFebruary 19,2017– via Google Books.
  53. ^Farrer, Steve (January 10, 1999). "The brains behind the 21st century".The Sunday Times.UK. p. 6.
  54. ^Pospisil, Vivian (December 21, 2004)."50 R&D Stars to Watch".Industry Week.RetrievedApril 3,2013.
  55. ^"The 2008 Smart List: 15 People the Next President Should Listen To".Wired magazine.September 22, 2008.RetrievedOctober 21,2012.
  56. ^Alan Chamberlin."JPL Small-Body Database Browser".Ssd.jpl.nasa.gov.RetrievedJanuary 6,2012.
  57. ^"Humanists to Honor Lead Imaging Scientist on the Cassini Saturn Project".Americanhumanist.org. Archived fromthe originalon May 14, 2008.Retrieved2012-01-06.
  58. ^"Cassini Imaging Leader Awarded Honorary Degree from Stony Brook University".Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations (CICLOPS). May 21, 2009. Archived fromthe originalon July 10, 2011.
  59. ^"Carolyn Porco Awarded Huntington Science Writer Fellowship".Diamondskyproductions. Archived fromthe originalon February 24, 2012.Retrieved2012-01-06.
  60. ^"Lennart Nilsson Award".Lennartnilssonaward.se. Archived fromthe originalon September 26, 2009.Retrieved2012-01-06.
  61. ^Kathy Svitil (May 14, 2011)."Caltech Names Five Distinguished Alumni".Media.caltech.edu. Archived fromthe originalon January 26, 2012.Retrieved2012-01-06.
  62. ^"Awarding Sikkens Prize 2020/2022 and anniversary film".Sikkens Prize.August 25, 2022.RetrievedSeptember 24,2022.
  63. ^"Jupiter & Europa in True Color".Ciclops.org. October 9, 2000.RetrievedJanuary 6,2012.
  64. ^"Sixty-Four Scenes from Saturn... The Movie".Ciclops.org.RetrievedJanuary 6,2012.
  65. ^"Sixty-Four Scenes from Saturn... The Poster".Ciclops.org.RetrievedJanuary 6,2012.
  66. ^"Sixty-Four Scenes from Saturn".The Images.Ciclops.org.RetrievedJanuary 6,2012.
  67. ^"MJ Dance Party".Facebook. March 8, 2011.RetrievedJanuary 6,2012.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toCarolyn Porco.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carolyn_Porco&oldid=1234984275"