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Centennial Hall (Wrocław)

Coordinates:51°06′25″N17°04′38″E/ 51.10694°N 17.07722°E/51.10694; 17.07722
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Centennial Hall
Hala Stulecia
Centennial Hall
Logo of the Centennial Hall
Centennial Hall after renovation in 2009
Map
Full nameHala Stulecia
Former namesHala Ludowa
LocationWrocław,Lower Silesia,Poland
Coordinates51°06′25″N17°04′38″E/ 51.10694°N 17.07722°E/51.10694; 17.07722
OwnerCity of Wrocław
OperatorCity Hall Company Ltd. ofWrocław
CapacityBo xing:11,000
Handball:8,500
Basketball:10,000
Volleyball:10,000
Construction
Broke ground1911
Built1913
Opened20 May 1913
Renovated2009–2011
ArchitectMax Berg
Structural engineerGünther Trauer,Richard Konwiarz,Heinrich Müller-Breslau
Main contractorsDyckerhoff & Widmann AG (Dywidag)
Tenants
WKS Śląsk Wrocław(major attendance games)
Official nameCentennial Hall in Wrocław
TypeCultural
Criteriai, ii, iv
Designated2006(30thsession)
Reference no.1165
RegionEurope and North America
Designated2005-04-13
Reference no.Dz. U. z 2005 r. Nr 64, poz. 570[1]

TheCentennial Hall(Polish:Hala Stulecia[ˈxalastuˈlɛt͡ɕa]), formerly namedHala Ludowa( "People's Hall" ), is a historic building inWrocław,Poland. It was constructed according to the plans ofarchitectMax Bergin 1911–1913. Max Berg designed Centennial Hall to serve as a multifunctional structure to host "exhibitions, concerts, theatrical and opera performances, and sporting events".[2]The hall continues to be used for sporting events, business summits, and concerts.[3]

As an early landmark ofreinforced concretearchitecture, the building became one of Poland's official nationalHistoric Monuments(Pomnik historii), as designated 20 April 2005, together with theFour Domes Pavilion,the Pergola, and theIglica.[1]Its listing is maintained by theNational Heritage Board of Poland.It was also listed as aUNESCOWorld Heritage Sitein 2006.

History

[edit]

It was in theSilesiancapital of Breslau where, on 10 March 1813, KingFrederick William III of Prussiacalled upon the Prussian people his proclamationAn Mein Volk( "To My People" ) to rise up againstNapoleon's occupation. In this proclamation king Frederick created also theIron Crossaward, which later became the most famous German military honor and symbol. In October of that year, Napoleon was defeated at theBattle of Leipzig.

Exhibition Grounds in 1913
Jahrhunderthalle in 1920

The opening of the hall was part of the celebration commemorating the 100th anniversary of the battle in theGerman Empire,hence the nameJahrhunderthalle.Breslau's municipal authorities had vainly awaited state funding and ultimately had to defray the enormous costs out of their own pockets. The landscaping and buildings surrounding the hall were laid out byHans Poelzigand were opened on 20 May 1913 in the presence of Crown PrinceWilliam of Hohenzollern.The grounds include a huge pond with fountains enclosed by a huge concrete pergola in the form of half an ellipse. Beyond this, to the north, aJapanese gardenwas created. The Silesian authorGerhart Hauptmannhad specially prepared a playFestspiel in deutschen Reimenfor the occasion, however, the mise-en-scène byMax Reinhardtwas suspended by national-conservative circles for its antimilitaristic tendencies.

After the memorial events, the building served as a multi-purpose recreational building, situated in the Exhibition Grounds, previously used for horse racing. In 1931, it was one of the host venues of a rally ofDer Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten,at which its members declared their disapproval of the interwar German-Polish border and expressedirredentistclaims towards Poland and Lithuania.[4]

It was largely spared from devastation during theSiege of BreslauinWorld War II.After the war, when the city had become again part of Poland according to the 1945Potsdam Agreement,the hall was renamedHala Ludowa( "People's Hall" ) by the Soviet-installedcommunist authorities.In 1948, a 106 m (348 ft) high needle-like metal sculpture calledIglicawas set up in front of it. The hall was extensively renovated in 1997 and in 2010. Recently the Polish translation of the original German name,Hala Stulecia,became official.

Centennial Hall hostedEuroBasket 1963and a preliminary round group of theEuroBasket 2009tournament.[5]It also hosted the1997 World Wrestling Championships,2000 European Judo Championships,2009 Women's European Volleyball Championship,2013 World Weightlifting Championships,2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championshipand2016 European Men's Handball Championship.

Following the renovation in 2009–11, the arena can now hold 10,000 people. In October 2014, the building received a $200,000 renovation grant from theGetty Foundation,as part of theKeeping It Moderngrant program that was created a month earlier by the American foundation.[6]

The building was used to film scenes ofThe Hunger Games: The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes.[7]

Architecture

[edit]
The interior of the hall

The cupola modeled on the Centennial Hall was made of reinforced concrete, and with an inner diameter of 69 m (226 ft) and height of 42 m (138 ft) it was the largest building of its kind at the time of construction. The symmetrical quatrefoil shape with a large circular central space seats 7,000 persons. The dome itself is 23 m (75 ft) high, made of steel and glass. TheJahrhunderthallebecame a key reference for the development of reinforced concrete structures in the 20th century.

At the centre of the structure a superior dome withlanternis situated. Looking from the inside, there is a clearly visible pattern of the Iron Cross[8]at the top of the dome; for this reason the centre of the structure was shrouded during theCommunist era in Poland.[9]

Organs

[edit]
Orgel der Jahrhunderthalle

The hall was originally provided with aSauerpipe organbuilt byWalcker Orgelbau,which then, with 15,133 pipes and 200 stops, ranked as theworld's largest.On 24 September 1913,Karl Straubewas the first to play it, performingMax Reger'sIntroduction, Passacaglia and Fugue,Op. 127, specially composed to celebrate the occasion. Most parts of the organ were transferred to the rebuiltWrocław Cathedralafter World War II.

Disposition of the organ from 1913[10][11]
Individual voices are color-coded:tongue voices,mixtures.Length of the largest pipe of a given voice given in feet, where 8' ≈ 2.5 m
I. Manual C-c4 II. Manual
Schwellwerk C-c4 		III. Manual
Schwellwerk C-c4 		IV. Manual
Schwellwerk C-c4
Hochdruckwerk 		V. Manual
Schwellwerk C-c4
Fernwerk 		Pedal
C-g144 Töne C-g²

Principal 16’
Majorbaß 16’
Gedackt 16’
Principal 8’
Principal amabile 8’
Geigenprincipal 8’
Viola di Gamba 8’
HD Stentor Gamba 8’
Harmonika 8’
Doppelflöte 8’
Flute harmonique 8’
Flauto dolce 8’
Spitzflöte 8’
Gedackt 8’
Gemshorn 8’
Quintatön 8’
HD Groß-Octave 4’
Octave 4’
Flute Octaviante 4’
Gemshorn 4’
Rohrflöte 4’
Violini 4’
Viol d’amour 4’
Gedacktquinte 5 1/3’
Quinte 2 2/3’
HD Piccolo 2’
Octave 2’
Rauschquinte 2 2/3’, 2’
Progressio III-IV
Groß-Cymbel V-VI
Scharf III
Mixtur III-IV
Mixtur IV-V
Groß-Mixtur VII-IX
Kornett V
 Posaune 16’
HD Tuba mirabilis 8’
Basson 8’
Trompete 8’
HD Oboe 8’
HD Clairon 4’
Clarine 4’
 II-I
 III-I
 IV-I
 V-I
 Sub II-I
 Super II-I

Gamba major 16'
Quintatön 16'
HD Stentorprincipal 8'
Principal 8'
Schalmei 8'
Viola 8'
HD Stentorflöte 8'
Flute harmonique 8'
Soloflöte 8'
Quintatön 8'
Flauto dolce 8'
Dulciana 8'
Geigenprincipal 8'
Flötenprincipal 8'
Bourdon 8'
Harmonika 8'
Vox angelica 8'
Oktave 4'
Jubalflöte 4'
Fugara 4'
Zartflöte 4'
Dolce 4'
Quintatön 4'
HD Flute Octaviante 4'
Quinte 2 2/3'
Sesquialter II
Piccolo 2'
Mixtur III
Kornett IV
HD Groß-Kornett III-V
Cymbel III
Scharf V
 HD Bombarde 16'
Basson 16'
Posaune 8'
HD Trompete 8'
Cor anglais 8'
Klarinette 8'
Clairon 4'
 Glockenspiel, 30 Töne
Pizzicato für Glockenspiele
III-II
 IV-II
 V-II
 Sub III-II
 Super III-II

Nachthorn 16'
Salicional 16'
Prinzipal 8'
Flötenprincipal 8'
Geigenprincipal 8'
Nachthorn 8'
Jubalflöte 8'
Quintatön 8'
Spitzflöte 8'
Violoncello 8'
Wienerflöte 8'
Flaute d’amour 8'
Gedackt 8'
Gemshorn 8'
Salicional 8'
Aeoline 8'
Voix celeste 8'
Praestant 4'
Nachthorn 4'
Rohrflöte 4'
Violini 4'
Flaute d’amour 4'
Bifra 8', 4’
Dulciana 4'
Gemshorn 4'
Flautino 2'
Sifflöte 1'
Nassat 2 2/3'
Rauschquinte 2 2/3’, 2’
Harmonia aetheria III
Kornett V
Mixtur IV
Scharf III
Cymbel IV
Groß-Cymbel VII
 Fagott 16'
Trompete harmonique 8'
Oboe 8'
Klarinette 8'
Vox Humana 8'
Trompete 4'
 IV-III
 V-III
 Sub III
 Super III

Majorbaß 16'
Stentorprinzipal 8'
Stentorgamba 8'
Stentorflöte 8'
Oktave 4'
Flute Octaviante 4'
Piccolo II 2'
Groß-Kornett III-V
 Bombarde 16'
Tuba mirabilis 8'
Trompete 8'
Oboe 8'
Clairon 4'
 V-IV
 Sub IV
 Super IV

Dulciana 16'
Bourdon 16'
Principal 8'
Hohflöte 8'
Viola di Gamba 8'
Aeoline 8'
Voix celeste 8'
Quintatön 8'
Flute harmonique 8'
Gedackt 8'
Oktave 4'
Flauto Dolce 4'
Flageolett 2'
Mixtur III
Kornett III-IV
 Baßtuba 16'
Tuba 8'
Trompete 8'
Basson 8'
Klarinette 8'
Vox Humana 8'
Clarine 4'
 Glockenspiel, 25 Töne
Sub V
 Super V

Principal 32'
Untarsatz 32'
Kontaviolon 32'
HD Kontrabass 16'
Principal 16'
Violon 16'
Subbaß 16'
Gemshorn 16'
Harmonikabaß 16'
Lieblich Gedackt 16'
Quintbaß 10 2/3'
Principal 8'
HD Oktavbaß 8'
Violoncello 8'
Gemshorn 8'
Flötenbaß 8'
Gedacktbaß 8'
Dulciana 8'
Quinte 5 1/3'
Groß-Rauschquinte 5 1/3, 4'
HD Oktave 4'
Spitzflöte 4'
Fugara 4'
Sesquialter II
Oktave 2'
Kornett IV-V
 Kontaposaune 32'
Posaune 16'
Fagott 16'
Trompete 8'
Ophikleide 8'
Baßklarinette 8'
Clairon 4'

Fernpedal
Violon 16'
Subbaß 16'
Dolce 16'
Viola 8'
Baßflöte 8'
Dolce 8'
Oktave 4'
Trompete 8'
 I-P
 II-P
 III-P
 IV-P
 V-P
 Super P

Additional registers: Handregistierung, Freie Kombination 1, Freie Kombination 2, Freie Kombination 3, Freie Kombination I, Freie Kombination II, Freie Kombination III, Freie Kombination IV, Freie Kombination V, Freie Kombination P, Walze (Crescendo) I – III und Pedal, Tutti mit Fernorgel, Tutti ohne Fernorgel, Fortissimo, Forte, Mezzoforte, Piano, Tutti I, Tutti II, Tutti III, Tutti IV, Tutti V, Tutti P, Forte I, Forte II, Forte III, Forte V, Forte P, Mezzoforte I, Mezzoforte II, Mezzoforte III, Mezzoforte IV, Mezzoforte V, Mezzoforte P, Piano I, Piano II, Piano III, Piano V, Piano P, Pianissimo P, Tuttikoppel, Generalkoppel, Flöten I, Flöten II, Flöten III, Prinzipale I, Prinzipale II, Prinzipale III, Gamben I, Gamben II, Gamben III, Rohrwerk, Rohrwerk I, Rohrwerk II, Rohrwerk III, Rohrwerk IV, Rohrwerk V, Rohrwerk P, Ferpedal an, Handregister ab, Handregister I ab, Handregister II ab, Handregister III ab, Handregister IV ab, Handregister V ab, Handregister P ab, Handregister Fr. K. ab, Handregister Fr. K. I ab, Handregister Fr. K. II ab, Handregister Fr. K. III ab, Handregister Fr. K. IV ab, Handregister Fr. K. V ab, Handregister Fr. K. P ab, Walze (Crescendo) ab, Rohwerke ab, Rohwerke I ab, Rohwerke II ab, Rohwerke III ab, Rohwerke IV ab, Rohwerke V ab, Rohwerke P ab, 16' ab, 16' I ab, 16' II ab, 16' III ab, 16' IV ab, 16' V ab, HD ab, HD I ab, HD II ab, Pedalkoppeln ab, I ab, P ab, P I – IV ab, Automatische Pedal – umschaltung V, Schwelltritt II, Schwelltritt III, Schwelltritt IV, Schwelltritt V.

Access

[edit]

The hall lies east of the city centre, but can easily be reached bytramor bus.

The hall features a Visitor Centre open from Thursday to Sunday between 10 am and 6 pm for a small entrance fee.

The building and surroundings is frequently visited by tourists and locals. It lies close to other popular tourist attractions, such as theWrocław Zoo,theJapanese Garden,and thePergolawith itsMultimedia Fountain.[12]

See also

[edit]

References

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  1. ^abRozporządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 13 kwietnia 2005 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii,Dz. U., 2005, vol. 64, No. 570
  2. ^Cervinkova, Hana; Golden, Julia (2014). Gonzalez, ed. "Centennial Hall in Wroclaw: Re-Envisioning A Protected Urban Landscape Against the Backdrop of Changing European Borders and Identities".Landscape Anthropology in European Protected Areas(Valencia, Spain).
  3. ^"About the Hall".Hala Stulecia.Retrieved2021-05-27.
  4. ^Fiedor, Karol (1968). "Antypolska działalność Stahlhelmu. Zjazd wrocławski w 1931 roku".Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka(in Polish).XXIII(2). Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich: 265–267.
  5. ^Kibice wywalczyli nam polskie meczeArchived2009-04-14 at theWayback Machine,15 January 2007
  6. ^Anna Cymer,Wrocław’s Centennial Hall Receives Getty Foundation's Keeping It Modern Grant,Culture.pl,8 October 2014
  7. ^Zemler, Emily (17 November 2023)."On Location: 'The Hunger Games: The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes' Brings the Saga to Germany and Poland".Condé Nast Traveler.
  8. ^Cf.a photo
  9. ^Disputed Memory: Emotions and Memory Politics in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe Front Cover Tea Sindbæk Andersen, Barbara Törnquist-Plewa
  10. ^"sauerow0018.jpg".2015-10-01. Archived fromthe originalon 2015-10-01.Retrieved2021-04-22.
  11. ^"sauerow0019.jpg".2015-10-01. Archived fromthe originalon 2015-10-01.Retrieved2021-04-22.
  12. ^"Centennial Hall | Hala Stulecia – Obiekt Światowego Dziedzictwa UNESCO".halastulecia.pl.Archived fromthe originalon 2019-05-08.Retrieved2019-05-08.

Literature

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  • Erich A. Franz:Die Jahrhunderthalle.In:Bei uns in Breslau.Dülmen 1983,ISBN3-87466-055-9,S. 32.
  • Jerzy Ilkosz, Beate Störtkuhl (Hrsg.):Hans Poelzig in Breslau. Architektur und Kunst 1900–1916.Aschenbeck, Delmenhorst 2000.
  • Jerzy Ilkosz:Die Jahrhunderthalle und das Ausstellungsgelände in Breslau. Das Werk Max Bergs.München 2006,ISBN978-3-486-57986-4.
  • Ernest Niemczyk:Hala Ludowa we Wrocławiu.Wydawn. Politechniki Wrocławskiej, Wrocław 1997,ISBN83-7085-265-3.(mit deutschsprachiger Zusammenfassung)
  • Helmut Sauer:Die Jahrhunderthalle zu Breslau. Historische Reminiszenzen.(hrsg. von der Vereinigung ehemaliger Angehöriger der Gerhart-Hauptmann-Oberrealschule zu Breslau) (=Die Grüne Reihe,Heft 16.) Selbstverlag A. Zappel, Leverkusen 2000.
  • Gerhard Scheuermann:Das Breslau-Lexikon, Band 1.Laumann-Verlag, Dülmen 1994,ISBN3-87466-157-1,S. 667–669.
  • Günther Trauer, Willy Gehler:Die Jahrhunderthalle in Breslau. Berechnung, Konstruktion und Bauausführung.Sonderdruck ausArmierter Beton,Jahrgänge 1913 und 1914.
  • Ferdinand Werner:Der lange Weg zum neuen Bauen.Band 1:Beton: 43 Männer erfinden die Zukunft.Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2016.ISBN978-3-88462-372-5,S. 334–340.
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