Chamdo
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Qamdo
Xương đô thị ཆབ་མདོ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། | |
|---|---|
 Mekong Riverto the south of Chamdo Town | |
 Location of Qamdo Prefecture within China | |
| Coordinates (Qamdo municipal government):31°08′35″N97°10′12″E/ 31.143°N 97.170°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Autonomous region | Tibet |
| County-level divisions |
|
| Prefecture seat | Karub District(Chengguan) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 110,154 km2(42,531 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 3,240 m (10,630 ft) |
| Population (2019) | |
| • Total | 798,067 |
| • Density | 7.2/km2(19/sq mi) |
| GDP[1] | |
| • Total | CN¥27.9 billion US$4.3 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 36,574 US$ 5,668 |
| Time zone | UTC+8(China Standard) |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-XZ-03 |
| Qamdo | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 "Qamdo" in Chinese characters | |||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Chinese | Xương đều | ||||||
| |||||||
| Tibetan name | |||||||
| Tibetan | ཆབ་མདོ། | ||||||
| |||||||
Chamdo,officiallyQamdo[2][3](Tibetan:ཆབ་མདོ,Wylie:chab mdo,ZYPY:qamdo) and also known in Chinese asChangdu(Chinese:Xương đều;pinyin:Chang Du),[4]is aprefecture-level cityin the eastern part of theTibet Autonomous Region,China. Its seat is the town ofChengguaninKaruo District.Chamdo is Tibet's third largest city afterLhasaandShigatse.[5]
Chamdo is divided into 11 county-level divisions: one district and ten counties. The main district is Karuo District. Other counties include Jonda County, Gonjo County, Riwoche County, Dengqen County, Zhag'yab County, Baxoi County, Zognang County, Maarkam County, Lhorong County, and Banbar County.
History
[edit]On 11 July 2014 Chamdo Prefecture was upgraded into aprefecture-level city.[6]
Languages
[edit]Languages spoken in Chamdo includeKhams Tibetanand theChamdo languagesofLamo,Larong,andDrag-yab.[7]
Transportation
[edit]Air
[edit]Changdu Bangda Airport,opened in 1994, is located 126 kilometres (78 miles) fromChengguan TowninKarub District.The long commute (2.5 hours by mountain road) is the result of no flat land closer to the city being available to construct an airport.
Road
[edit]China National Highway 214andChina National Highway 317are the main roads in and out of Chamdo.
Subdivisions
[edit]
The city is subdivided into 11county-level divisions:1districtand 10counties
| Map | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Tibetan | Wylie | Population(2010 Census) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) | |
| Karuo District | Tạp nếu khu | Kǎruò Qū | མཁར་རོ་ཆུས། | mkhar ro chus | 116,500 | 10,794 | 10.79 | |
| Jomda County | Giang đạt huyện | Jiāngdá Xiàn | འཇོ་མདའ་རྫོང་། | 'jo mda' rdzong | 76,026 | 13,164 | 5.77 | |
| Gonjo County | Cống giác huyện | Gòngjué Xiàn | གོ་འཇོ་རྫོང་། | go 'jo rdzong | 40,434 | 6,323 | 6.39 | |
| Riwoqê County | Loại ô tề huyện | Lèiwūqí Xiàn | རི་བོ་ཆེ་རྫོང་། | ri bo che rdzong | 49,870 | 6,355 | 7.84 | |
| Dêngqên County | Đinh thanh huyện | Dīngqīng Xiàn | སྟེང་ཆེན་རྫོང་། | steng chen rdzong | 69,888 | 12,408 | 5.63 | |
| Zhag'yab County | Sát nhã huyện | Cháyǎ Xiàn | བྲག་གཡབ་རྫོང་། | brag g-yab rdzong | 56,789 | 8,251 | 6.88 | |
| Baxoi County | Tám túc huyện | Bāsù Xiàn | དཔའ་ཤོད་རྫོང་། | dpa' shod rdzong | 39,021 | 12,336 | 3.16 | |
| Zogang County | Tả cống huyện | Zuǒgòng Xiàn | མཛོ་སྒང་རྫོང་། | mdzo sgang rdzong | 44,320 | 11,837 | 3.74 | |
| Markam County | Mang khang huyện | Mángkāng Xiàn | སྨར་ཁམས་རྫོང་། | smar khams rdzong | 81,399 | 11,576 | 7.03 | |
| Lhorong County | Lạc long huyện | Luòlóng Xiàn | ལྷོ་རོང་རྫོང་། | lho rong rdzong | 47,491 | 8,048 | 5.90 | |
| Banbar County | Biên bá huyện | Biānbà Xiàn | དཔལ་འབར་རྫོང་། | dpal 'bar rdzong | 35,767 | 8,774 | 4.07 | |
Climate
[edit]Chamdo has ahumid continental climate(Köppen:Dwb) in the Karub District and an alpinesubarctic climate(Köppen:Dwc) in other counties.
| Climate data for Chamdo (Karuo District), elevation 3,315 m (10,876 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.8 (71.2) |
21.4 (70.5) |
26.1 (79.0) |
28.1 (82.6) |
29.5 (85.1) |
32.7 (90.9) |
32.0 (89.6) |
30.8 (87.4) |
30.5 (86.9) |
27.7 (81.9) |
22.3 (72.1) |
20.2 (68.4) |
32.7 (90.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.8 (47.8) |
10.7 (51.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
16.9 (62.4) |
21.0 (69.8) |
23.8 (74.8) |
24.3 (75.7) |
23.9 (75.0) |
21.9 (71.4) |
17.5 (63.5) |
13.2 (55.8) |
10.0 (50.0) |
17.1 (62.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.5 (29.3) |
1.4 (34.5) |
4.8 (40.6) |
8.3 (46.9) |
12.4 (54.3) |
15.6 (60.1) |
16.4 (61.5) |
15.8 (60.4) |
13.4 (56.1) |
8.4 (47.1) |
2.8 (37.0) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
8.1 (46.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.4 (15.1) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
1.7 (35.1) |
5.7 (42.3) |
9.5 (49.1) |
10.9 (51.6) |
10.3 (50.5) |
7.7 (45.9) |
2.1 (35.8) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
1.4 (34.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −19.4 (−2.9) |
−17.4 (0.7) |
−13.0 (8.6) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
1.1 (34.0) |
2.9 (37.2) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−13.6 (7.5) |
−20.7 (−5.3) |
−20.7 (−5.3) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 1.6 (0.06) |
4.0 (0.16) |
10.5 (0.41) |
23.9 (0.94) |
42.2 (1.66) |
80.7 (3.18) |
110.7 (4.36) |
102.8 (4.05) |
75.2 (2.96) |
33.1 (1.30) |
4.8 (0.19) |
1.3 (0.05) |
490.8 (19.32) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.2 | 3.6 | 6.3 | 11.3 | 13.5 | 18.6 | 19.9 | 18.9 | 17.0 | 9.8 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 125.3 |
| Average snowy days | 3.9 | 7.3 | 11.0 | 6.9 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.9 | 4.8 | 2.9 | 40.5 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 34 | 35 | 40 | 47 | 49 | 58 | 65 | 66 | 66 | 58 | 45 | 37 | 50 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 204.1 | 184.8 | 202.9 | 201.4 | 215.1 | 188.9 | 190.2 | 192.6 | 192.4 | 199.0 | 205.0 | 212.3 | 2,388.7 |
| Percentpossible sunshine | 63 | 59 | 54 | 52 | 50 | 45 | 44 | 47 | 53 | 57 | 65 | 68 | 55 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[8][9] | |||||||||||||
References
[edit]- ^"2021 năm xương đô thị kinh tế quốc dân cùng xã hội phát triển thống kê công báo"(in Chinese). 11 May 2022.Retrieved12 May2021.
- ^Quốc gia đo vẽ bản đồ cục địa danh viện nghiên cứu [National Surveying Bureau Place Names Research Institute] (1997).Trung Quốc địa danh lục[Gazetteer of China]. Beijing:SinoMaps Press.p. 27.ISBN7-5031-1718-4.
- ^"New city to be established in China's Tibet".The State Council of the People's Republic of China.Xinhua. Archived fromthe originalon 27 July 2018.Retrieved9 August2017.
- ^Powers, John (2016). "Appendix B".The Buddha Party: How the People's Republic of China Works to Define and Control Tibetan Buddhism(1st ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN9780199358151.
PINYIN= Changdu Zhen
- ^Buckley and Straus 1986, p. 215.
- ^Yang, Shoude.Tây Tạng phía Đông xương đều khu vực đem triệt mà thiết thị đã hoạch Quốc Vụ Viện ý kiến phúc đáp.XinhuaQinghai(in Chinese (China)). Archived fromthe originalon 6 November 2014.Retrieved5 November2014.
- ^Tashi Nyima; Hiroyuki Suzuki (2019). "Newly recognised languages in Chamdo: Geography, culture, history, and language".Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area.42(1): 38–81.doi:10.1075/ltba.18004.nyi.ISSN0731-3500.
- ^Trung Quốc khí tượng số liệu võng – WeatherBk Data(in Simplified Chinese).China Meteorological Administration.Retrieved27 August2023.
- ^ Trung Quốc khí tượng số liệu võng(in Simplified Chinese).China Meteorological Administration.Retrieved27 August2023.
External links
[edit]
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Geographic | |
