Cherkessk
Cherkessk
Черкесск | |
|---|---|
From the top to bottom-right, Aerial view of the City, Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Friendship Monument, Central Mosque,Soviet-EraCinema Building | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Cherkessk  | |
  Cherkessk Location of Cherkessk  Cherkessk Cherkessk (Karachay-Cherkessia) | |
| Coordinates:44°13′N42°03′E/ 44.217°N 42.050°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Karachay-Cherkessia |
| Founded | 1825 |
| City status since | 1931 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Alexey Baskaev[1] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 69.8 km2(26.9 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 530 m (1,740 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 129,069 |
| • Estimate (2018)[3] | 122,395 (−5.2%) |
| • Rank | 127thin 2010 |
| • Density | 1,849.12/km2(4,789.2/sq mi) |
| •Subordinated to | city of republic significanceof Cherkessk[4] |
| •Capital of | Karachay-Cherkess Republic[4] |
| •Capitalof | city of republic significance of Cherkessk[4] |
| •Urban okrug | Cherkessk Urban Okrug[5] |
| •Capitalof | Cherkessk Urban Okrug[5] |
| Time zone | UTC+3(MSK [6]) |
| Postal code(s)[7] | 3690XX |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 8782 |
| OKTMOID | 91701000001 |
| Website | cherkessk09 |
Cherkessk(Russian:Черке́сск;Adyghe:Шэрджэс къалэ;Kabardian:Черкес-къалэ) is thecapital cityofKarachay-Cherkessia,Russia,as well as its political, economic, and cultural center. Population:129,069 (2010 Russian census).[2]
It was previously known asBatalpashinskaya(until 1931),Batalpashinsk(until 1934),Sulimov(until 1937),Yezhovo-Cherkessk(until 1939).
Names[edit]
In Russian, the city is calledЧерке́сск(Čerkessk)[8]and has similar names in the languages of the city's other major ethnic groups. InKarachay,it isЧеркесск(Çerkessk)[8]orЧеркесск шахар(Çerkessk şahar); inKabardian,it isШэрджэс къалэ(Şărdjăs qală) orЧерке́сск(Čerkessk);[8]inAbaza,it isЧеркес къала(Čerkes q̇ala) orЧеркесск(Čerkessk);[8]inNogai,it isШеркеш шахар(Şerkeş şahar) and inChechen,it isЧеркесск(Čerkessk).
For its first century of existence, Cherkessk was astanitsa,a village inside a Cossack host, which from 1825 to 1931 was namedBatalpashinskaya stanitsa(Russian:Баталпашинская станицаBatalpašinskaja stanica)[8]and nicknamedPashinka(ПашинкаPašinka) In 1931, it was renamedBatalpashinsk(БаталпашинскBatałpašinsk),[9][8]and then in quick successionSulimov(СулимовSulimov) in 1934[9][8]forDaniil Sulimov,Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR, and following Sulimov's execution in theGreat Purge,Yezhovo-Cherkessk(Ежово-ЧеркесскJežovo-Čerkessk) in 1937[9][8]forNikolai Yezhov,head of the NKVD. With Yezhov's arrest, the initial "Yezhovo-" was dropped, and the city received its present name in 1939.[9][8]
History[edit]
What is now Cherkessk was established in 1804 as aRussianmilitary fort on theKuban River,what was then the border withCircassia,on the spot where in 1790 Russian troops under the command of GeneralJohann Hermann von Fersen(Ivan Ivanovich Herman fon Fersen) defeated theOttomanBatal Pasha.[9]In honor of the victory over Batal Pasha, the fort was named Batalpashinskaya; it was aredoubtsurrounded by an earthen rampart and ditch.[9](That the fort was named for an enemy leader may have led villagers to prefer the nicknamePashinka.)
The settlement itself was founded as theCossackstanitsaof Batalpashinskaya near the Russian Army outpost. The officially recognized year of founding of Batalpashinskaya and modern Cherkessk is 1825. However, the Cossack settlers from the Khopyour and Kuban regiments began arriving in the newly organizedstanitsanot earlier than spring of 1826.[10]In 1860, the village was designated as the administrative center of theBatalpashinsky Otdelof theKuban Oblast.[9]A decree of 30 December 1869 byTsar Alexander IItransformed the village into a city of Batalpashinsk but the decree was never implemented,[11]and Batalpashinskaya remained astanitsauntil the Soviet times. In 1888, the village became a seat of one of Kuban's seven departments.
In 1922, the village became the seat of theKarachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblastof theRSFSR,[9]and in 1926, theCherkess National Okrug.In 1931, it was granted town status and renamed Batalpashinsk. It received its current name of Cherkessk in 1939.[8]The city was occupied by theNazi GermanWehrmachtduringWorld War II(theEastern Front) from 11 August 1942 to 17 January 1943[9]as part of theCase Blueoffensive. In 1957, it became the capital of the reformed Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast which became theKarachay–Cherkess Republicin 1991 with the fall of theSoviet Union.
Administrative and municipal status[edit]
Cherkessk is thecapitalof the republic.[4]Within theframework of administrative divisions,it is incorporated as thecity of republic significanceof Cherkessk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of thedistricts.[4]As amunicipal division,the city of republic significance of Cherkessk is incorporated asCherkessk Urban Okrug.[5]
Population[edit]
The population of Cherkessk was 129,069 in the2010 Census,[2]116,244 in the2002 Census[12]and 113,060 in the1989 Soviet Census.[13]
Ethnic groups[edit]
The city is inhabited byRussians,nativeCherkess(Circassians),Karachays,Abaza,Nogaysand minorities ofUkrainians,GreeksandArmenians.
1926[edit]
According to theFirst All-Union Census of the Soviet Unionof 1926, inhabitants of Batalpashinsk (present-day Cherkessk) included:[14]
- Russians(82.7%)
- Ukrainians(9.0%)
- Karachays(0.8%)
- Greeks(Pontic Greeks) (0.2%)
1939[edit]
The1937 censusresults were suppressed and destroyed but theSoviet census of 1939recorded:[14]
- Russians(87.6%)
- Ukrainians (3.6%)
- Abazin(1.5%)
- Adyghes(i.e.Circassian) (1.4%)
- Karachays(0.8%)
- Ossetians(0.5%)
- Nogais(0.5%)
- Greeks(0.5%)
1959[edit]
TheSoviet census of 1959recorded:[14]
- Russians (87.7%)
- Ukrainians (2.8%)
- Circassian(2.1%)
- Abazins (1.8%)
- Karachays (1.6%)
- Nogais (0.4%)
- Greeks (0.4%)
- Ossetians (0.4%)
1970[edit]
TheSoviet census of 1970recorded:[14]
- Russians (74.5%)
- Circassian (6.4%)
- Karachays (6.2%)
- Abazins (5.0%)
- Ukrainians (2.1%)
- Nogais (1.0%)
- Greeks (0.5%)
- Ossetians (0.5%)
1989[edit]
According to the 1989 data fromthe final Soviet census,the population of the city included:[14]
- Russians (67.8%)
- Circassian (9.0%)
- Karachays (7.8%)
- Abazins (6.5%)
- Ukrainians (2.2%)
- Nogais (1.2%)
- Ossetians (0.5%)
- Greeks (0.5%)
2002[edit]
In 2002, theRussian censusreported the population including:[15]
- Russians(55.5%)
- Karachays(13.8%)
- Circassian(12.6%)
- Abazins(8.1%)
- Nogais(1.5%)
- Ukrainians(1.3%)
- Ossetians(0.6%)
- Greeks(Pontic Greeks) (0.4%)
- Other (6.1%)
2010[edit]
In 2010, the population included:[citation needed]
- Russians(54.7%)
- Karachays(16.4%)
- Circassian(13.2%)
- Abazins(8.2%)
- Nogais(1.5%)
- Other (6.0%)
2021[edit]
In 2021, the population included:[15]
- Russians(44.71%)
- Karachays(23.8%)
- Circassians(16%)
- Abazins(9.5%)
- Nogais(1.5%)
- Other (4.49%)
Climate[edit]
| Climate data for Cherkessk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.1 (35.8) |
3.9 (39.0) |
8.2 (46.8) |
14.0 (57.2) |
18.7 (65.7) |
22.6 (72.7) |
25.6 (78.1) |
26.1 (79.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
14.9 (58.8) |
8.8 (47.8) |
3.8 (38.8) |
14.1 (57.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.0 (26.6) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
2.9 (37.2) |
8.7 (47.7) |
13.9 (57.0) |
18.1 (64.6) |
20.9 (69.6) |
21.0 (69.8) |
15.9 (60.6) |
9.7 (49.5) |
3.3 (37.9) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
9.1 (48.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.4 (18.7) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
2.7 (36.9) |
8.1 (46.6) |
12.3 (54.1) |
15.1 (59.2) |
15.4 (59.7) |
10.7 (51.3) |
5.1 (41.2) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
4.0 (39.2) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 38.3 (1.51) |
29.5 (1.16) |
62.5 (2.46) |
57.8 (2.28) |
120.4 (4.74) |
95.7 (3.77) |
58.7 (2.31) |
46 (1.8) |
60 (2.4) |
50.9 (2.00) |
37.1 (1.46) |
35.9 (1.41) |
692.8 (27.3) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 15.6 (6.1) |
6.2 (2.4) |
11.2 (4.4) |
3.4 (1.3) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.9 (0.7) |
7.7 (3.0) |
14.3 (5.6) |
60.3 (23.5) |
| Average rainy days | 9 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 13 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 93 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 83 | 79 | 75 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 64 | 66 | 67 | 74 | 78 | 82 | 72 |
| Mean dailysunshine hours | 3.7 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 6.2 | 7.8 | 9.1 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 7.7 | 5.9 | 3.8 | 3.1 | 6.2 |
| Averageultraviolet index | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Source: Climate data(Temperatures 1991-2021[16])Weather2visit,[17]World weather online(rainfall-snowfall-UV 2009-2023)[18] | |||||||||||||
Education[edit]
Cherkessk is home to the following education institutions:
- North Caucasian State Academy:civil engineering, mechanical engineering, energy engineering, business management, accounting, finance, medical school. kchgta.ru[19]
- Moscow Social Open University (branch)
- Moscow Modern Arts Institute (branch)
- Rostov State Economic University (branch)
- Karachay-Cherkess State College
- Daurov Art College:art, interior design, music, choreography divisions
- Republican Children Art School:music, art, choreography divisions
Culture[edit]
- Drama Theater: ethnic, modern and classical plays
- State Philharmonic: classical and ethnic orchestra performances
- Elbrus State Ensemble: ethnic North Caucasian dances, dance studio
- Ensemble of Cossack Dance and Song: ethnic performances
Sport[edit]
- The association football teamFC Inter Cherkesskplay at the Stadium Nart.FC Nart Cherkesskpreviously played there, until they were dissolved in 2004.
- The demolished Dombay Stadium or Motodrom was amotorcycle speedwaystadium located south of the Stadium Nart and Green Island off Ulitsa Michurina (44°13′09″N42°02′09″E/ 44.21917°N 42.03583°E). The stadium hosted important events including theContinental Speedway finalround of theSpeedway World Championshipin 1972[20][21]and a semi final of the 1991 Speedway Under-21 World Championship.
- The Cherkessk speedway team (under various nicknames) regularly participated in theSoviet Union Championshipfrom 1972 through to 1992[22]and then during 1993, in theRussian Championship,winning the bronze medal in 1993.[23][24]
Notable people[edit]
- David Safaryan,World champion in freestyle wrestling representing Armenia
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^"Главой Черкесска избран бывший заммэра города Алексей Баскаев".June 19, 2020.
- ^abcRussian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1].Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census](in Russian).Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года".Federal State Statistics Service.RetrievedJanuary 23,2019.
- ^abcdeLaw #84-RZ
- ^abcLaw #41-RZ
- ^"Об исчислении времени".Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации(in Russian). June 3, 2011.RetrievedJanuary 19,2019.
- ^Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post).Поиск объектов почтовой связи(Postal Objects Search)(in Russian)
- ^abcdefghij"KNAB, the Place Names Database of EKI".Eki.ee.RetrievedFebruary 20,2015.
- ^abcdefghiГорода России: Черкесск. Энциклопедия— М.: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. И. Кондратьева, 1994.(in Russian)
- ^В. А. Колесников. Былое Невинного Мыса. К 185-летию переселения Хопёрского казачьего полка на Кубань и основания станицы Невиномысской. Ставрополь. «ЮРКИТ» 2011.(in Russian)
- ^Филиппов Е. В. Город Баталпашинск: проекты и реалии.(in Russian)
- ^Federal State Statistics Service(May 21, 2004).Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000](XLS).Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002](in Russian).
- ^Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров[All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers].Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989](in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – viaDemoscope Weekly.
- ^abcdeЭтнокавказ. Национальный состав КЧР по переписям 1926—2002(in Russian)
- ^ab"Население по национальной принадлежности, владению русским языком и его использованию по городским и муниципальным округам КЧР".Rosstat.RetrievedJuly 4,2023.
- ^"Cherkessk Climate".Climate data.RetrievedFebruary 2,2024.
- ^"Cherkessk monthly weather averages".weather2visit.RetrievedFebruary 2,2024.
- ^"Annual weather averages - Cherkessk, Karachay-Cherkess, RU".World Weather Online.RetrievedFebruary 2,2024.
- ^"Северо-Кавказская государственная гуманитарно-технологическая академия | СевКавГГТА".Kchgta.ru. September 30, 2013.RetrievedOctober 19,2013.
- ^"World Championship".Metal Speedway.RetrievedFebruary 2,2024.
- ^"World Championship".Speedway.org.RetrievedFebruary 2,2024.
- ^"Soviet Union Team Championship".Speedway History.RetrievedApril 13,2024.
- ^"Russian Team Championship".Speedway History.RetrievedApril 13,2024.
- ^"Soviet Union & Russian Team Championship".Speedway Fansite.RetrievedApril 12,2024.
Sources[edit]
- Народное Собрание (Парламент) Карачаево-Черкесской Республики. Закон №84-РЗ от 24 февраля 2004 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Карачаево-Черкесской Республики», в ред. Закона №34-РЗ от 5 июля 2011 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Карачаево-Черкесской Республики в связи с изменением наименования должности высшего должностного лица Карачаево-Черкесской Республики». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "День Республики", №36-37 (16431), 28 февраля 2004 г.(People's Assembly (Parliament) of the Karachay–Cherkess Republic.Law #84-RZ of February 24, 2004On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Karachay–Cherkess Republic,as amended by the Law #34-RZ of July 5, 2011On Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Karachay–Cherkess Republic Due to the Change of the Title of the Top Executive Position of the Karachay–Cherkess Republic.Effective as of the official publication date.).
- Народное Собрание (Парламент) Карачаево-Черкесской Республики. Закон №41-РЗ от 7 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципального образования города Черкесска и наделении его статусом городского округа», в ред. Закона №35-РЗ от 23 июня 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Карачаево-Черкесской Республики "Об установлении границ муниципального образования города Черкесска и наделении его статусом городского округа" ». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "День Республики", №207–208 (16602), 14 декабря 2004 г.(People's Assembly (Parliament) of the Karachay–Cherkess Republic.Law #41-RZ of December 7, 2004On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of the Town of Cherkessk and on Granting It Urban Okrug Status,as amended by the Law #35-RZ of June 23, 2014On Amending the Law of the Karachay–Cherkess Republic "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of the Town of Cherkessk and on Granting It Urban Okrug Status".Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
External links[edit]
- Official website of Cherkessk(in Russian)
- Cherkessk Business Directory(in Russian)
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