Cholesteryl ester
Cholesteryl ester,a dietarylipid,is anesterofcholesterol.The ester bond is formed between thecarboxylategroup of afatty acidand thehydroxylgroup ofcholesterol.Cholesteryl esters have a lower solubility in water due to their increasedhydrophobicity.Esters are formed by replacing at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group with an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group. They are hydrolyzed by pancreatic enzymes, cholesterol esterase, to produce cholesterol and free fatty acids.[1]They are associated withatherosclerosis.[2]
Cholesteryl ester is found in human brains as lipid droplets which store and transportcholesterol.[3]Increased levels of cholesteryl ester have been found in certain parts of the brain of people withHuntington disease.Higher concentrations of cholesteryl ester have been found in thecaudateandputamen,but not thecerebellum,of people with Huntington disease compared with levels in controls.[4]Increase in cholesteryl ester has also been found in other neurological disorders likemultiple sclerosisandAlzheimer's disease.[3]
Transfer of Cholesteryl ester
[edit]Cholesteryl ester is transported fromhigh-density lipoproteins (HDL)to low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) withcholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP).[5]The decrease in cholesteryl ester can lower HDL and increase LDL, which may be an indicator of cardiovascular problems, as indicated by intervention studies.[5]Increasing HDL values has the potential to prevent mortality associated withcardiovascular riskssuch asatherosclerosis.[6]
See also
[edit]- Cholesteryl ester transfer protein
- Cholesteryl ester storage disease
- Acyl CoA cholesteryl acyltransferase(ACAT)
- Lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase(LCAT)
References
[edit]- ^Ferrier, Richard A. Harvey, Denise R. (2011).Lippincott's illustrated reviews, biochemistry(5th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health. p. 175.ISBN9781608314126.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^Cholesterol+Estersat the U.S. National Library of MedicineMedical Subject Headings(MeSH)
- ^abPhillips, Gabrielle R.; Hancock, Sarah E.; Brown, Simon H. J.; Jenner, Andrew M.; Kreilaus, Fabian; Newell, Kelly A.; Mitchell, Todd W. (2020-11-20)."Cholesteryl ester levels are elevated in the caudate and putamen of Huntington's disease patients".Scientific Reports.10(1): 20314.Bibcode:2020NatSR..1020314P.doi:10.1038/s41598-020-76973-8.ISSN2045-2322.PMC7680097.PMID33219259.
- ^"Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute Researchers Report on Findings in Huntington Disease (Cholesteryl ester levels are elevated in the caudate and putamen of Huntington's disease patients) (Cholesteryl ester levels are elevated in...)."Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week,2020, p. 2684.Gale Academic OneFile,link.gale /apps/doc/A643924682/AONE?u=cuny_hunter&sid=AONE&xid=6782d457. Accessed 2 May 2021.
- ^abLiu, Shenping; Mistry, Anil; Reynolds, Jennifer M.; Lloyd, David B.; Griffor, Matthew C.; Perry, David A.; Ruggeri, Roger B.; Clark, Ronald W.; Qiu, Xiayang (October 2012)."Crystal Structures of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein in Complex with Inhibitors".Journal of Biological Chemistry.287(44): 37321–37329.doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.380063.PMC3481329.PMID22961980.
- ^Chapman, M. J.; Le Goff, W.; Guerin, M.; Kontush, A. (2 January 2010)."Cholesteryl ester transfer protein: at the heart of the action of lipid-modulating therapy with statins, fibrates, niacin, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors".European Heart Journal.31(2): 149–164.doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp399.PMC2806550.PMID19825813.
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